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EC number: 201-199-9 | CAS number: 79-36-7
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Genetic toxicity: in vitro
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- in vitro gene mutation study in bacteria
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 23.03.0998-08.04.1988
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- comparable to guideline study
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 1 988
- Report date:
- 1988
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- no guideline followed
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- INTRODUCTION
This report describes experiments performed in a short term test using the procedure of the Salmonella / mammalian-microsome-mutagenicity test (Ames Test) to assess the mutagenic potential of the test-material in amino acid-dependent strains of Salmonella typhimurium and a strain of Escherichia coli described by Green. By the use of liver homogenate the test takes into account the mammalian metabolism of the compound to be tested. The requirement for metabolic activation was investigated by incorporating into the test an activation system by nicotinamide-adenin dinucleotide phosphate (NADP+)-cytochrome P450 dependent mixed function oxidase enzymes of the liver. The 9000 g supernatant of rat liver homogenate has been shown to be very useful in metabolic activation of foreign compounds. The animals were pretreated with Aroclor 1254 as an inducer of several dru^q metabolizing enzymes.
In the Ames test with Salmonella typhimurium strains the effect of the test compound upon the number of back mutations to histidine prototrophy using histidine auxotrophic mutants is investigated. Using Escherichia coli WP2uvrA, a tryptophan dependent auxotroph strain, mutagenicity is based on reversion to tryptophan independence. The strains TA 100 and TA 1535 were originally derived by a substitution mutation, the strains TA 1537, TA 1538 and TA 98 by frame shift mutations from histidine prototrophic bacteria. All five Salmonella strains are deficient in the complete structure of their lipopolysaccharide layer and in DNA excision repair system. TA 98 and TA 100 possess a modified postreplication DNA repair system which frequently causes an increase in the rate of mutations. Strain WP2uvrA carries a defect in one of the genes for tryptophan biosynthesis and is deficient in the uvrA system of DNA repair. The reversion can be induced by a base change (substitution). - GLP compliance:
- yes
- Type of assay:
- bacterial reverse mutation assay
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Dichloroacetyl chloride
- EC Number:
- 201-199-9
- EC Name:
- Dichloroacetyl chloride
- Cas Number:
- 79-36-7
- Molecular formula:
- C2HCl3O
- IUPAC Name:
- 2,2-dichloroacetyl chloride
- Details on test material:
- - Name of test material (as cited in study report): Dichloroacetyl chloride
- Physical state: colourless liquid
- Analytical purity: 97%
- Lot/batch No.: 962 dated jan, 9th, 1988
- Storage condition of test material: dark at 4º
Constituent 1
Method
- Target gene:
- Histidine synthesis and DNA repair.
Species / strainopen allclose all
- Species / strain / cell type:
- other: Salmonella typhimurum TA 98, TA100, TA1535, TA1537, TA1538
- Species / strain / cell type:
- E. coli WP2 uvr A
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Metabolic activation system:
- S-9 fraction
- Test concentrations with justification for top dose:
- Dose range finding
The first experiment was performed with all tester strains using three plates per dose to get information on mutagenicity and toxicity for calculation of an appropriate dose range. A reduced rate of spontaneously occuring colonies as well as visible thinning of the bacterial lawn were used as indicatorfor Toxicity. Thinning of the bacterial lawn was controlled microscopically.
In combination with the second experiment, toxicity testing was performed as follows: 0.1 ml of the different dilutions of the test compound were thoroughly mixed with 0.1 ml of 10-^6 dilution of the overnight culture of TA 100 and plate with histidine and biotin rich top agar (3 plates per dose). The solvent control is compared with the number of colonies per plate in the presence of the test compound. Results are given as a ratio of these values (= surviving fraction). - Vehicle / solvent:
- - Vehicle(s)/solvent(s): DMSO
Controlsopen allclose all
- Negative solvent / vehicle controls:
- yes
- Remarks:
- DMSO
- Positive controls:
- yes
- Remarks:
- without metabolic activation
- Positive control substance:
- 9-aminoacridine
- Remarks:
- Migrated to IUCLID6: TA 1537
- Positive controls:
- yes
- Remarks:
- without metabolic activation
- Positive control substance:
- sodium azide
- Remarks:
- Migrated to IUCLID6: TA 100, TA 1535
- Positive controls:
- yes
- Remarks:
- without metabolic activation
- Positive control substance:
- 2-nitrofluorene
- Remarks:
- Migrated to IUCLID6: TA 98, TA 1538
- Positive controls:
- yes
- Remarks:
- without metabolic activation
- Positive control substance:
- N-ethyl-N-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine
- Remarks:
- Migrated to IUCLID6: WP2uvrA
- Positive controls:
- yes
- Remarks:
- with metabolic activation
- Positive control substance:
- benzo(a)pyrene
- Remarks:
- Migrated to IUCLID6: TA98, TA100, TA1535; TA1537, TA1538, WP2uvrA
- Positive controls:
- yes
- Details on test system and experimental conditions:
- METHOD OF APPLICATION:
Top agar is prepared for the Salmonella strains by mixing 100 ml agar (0.6 % agar, 0.5 % NaCl) with 10 ml of a 0.5 mM histidine-biotin solution. With E. coli histidine is replaced by tryptophan (2.5 ml, 0.5 mM). The following ingrcdients arc added (in order) to 2 ml of moltcn top agar at 45 °C:
0.1 ml of an overnight nutrient broth culture of the bacterial tester strain
0.1 ml test compound solution
0.5 ml S-9 Mix (if required) or buffer
After mixing, the liquid is poured into a petridish with minimal agar (1.5 % agar, Vogel-Bonner E mcdium with 2 % glucosc). After incubation for 48 to 72 hour at 37 °C in the dark, colonics (his+ rcvcrtants) arc counted. DDURATION
- Exposure duration: 48 to 72 hours at 37º in the dark
DETERMINATION OF CYTOTOXICITY
-method: the cytotoxicity was rated as follows:
ib - incomplete bacterial lawn
nb - no bacterial lawn
p - visible precipitation of the test compound on the plates - Evaluation criteria:
- The test was considered positive if there us a dose related increase in the number of relevants or a biologically relevant increase for at leas one concentration.
Results and discussion
Test resultsopen allclose all
- Species / strain:
- other: Salmonella typhimurum TA 98, TA100, TA1535, TA1537, TA1538
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- no cytotoxicity
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- valid
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Species / strain:
- E. coli WP2 uvr A
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- no cytotoxicity
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- valid
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Additional information on results:
- The test compound did not cause a significant increase in the number of revertant colonies with any of the tester strains either in the absence or presence of S-9 Mix. No dose dependent effect was obtained.
It is concluded that the test substance is not mutagenic in these bacterial test systems either in the absence or in the presence of an exogenous metabolizing system.
This test was performed according to the methods described. No unforeseen circumstances were observed which have affected the quality and integrity of this study.
TEST-SPECIFIC CONFOUNDING FACTORS:
Precipitation: No precipitation of the test item was noted al the dose tested levels.
RANGE-FINDING/SCREENING STUDIES:
The first experiment was performed with all tester strains using three plates per dose to get information on mutagenicity and toxicity for calculation of an appropriate dose range. A reduced rate of spontaneously occuring colonies as well as visible thinning of the bacterial lawn were used as indicator for Toxicity. Thinning of the bacterial lawn was controlled microscopically.
In combination with the second experiment, toxicity testing was performed as follows: 0.1 ml of the different dilutions of the test compound were thoroughly mixed with 0.1 ml of 10 -6 dilution of the overnight culture of TA 100 and plate with histidine and biotin rich top agar (3 plates per dose). The solvent control is compared with the number of colonies per plate in the presence of the test compound. Results are given as a ratio of these values (= surviving fraction). - Remarks on result:
- other: all strains/cell types tested
- Remarks:
- Migrated from field 'Test system'.
Any other information on results incl. tables
Dichloroacetyl chloride was tested for mutagenicity with Salmonella typhimurium strains TA 98, TA 100, TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 1538 and E coli WP2uvrA in the absence and presence of a metabolic activation system. The results obtained with the test material and positive control compounds are presented in the tables: 1 -14a. The number of colonies per plate with each strain as well as mean values of 3 plates, corrected to the next whole number are given.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- Interpretation of results: negative with and without metabolic activation
Dichloroacetyl chloride is not a mutagenic in these bacterial test systems either with or without exogenous metabolic activation at the dose level investigated. - Executive summary:
Dichloroacetyl chloride was tested for mutagenicity with Salmonella typhimurium strains TA 98, TA 100, TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 1538 and E coli WP2uvrA in the absence and presence of a metabolic activation system. The results obtained with the test material and positive control compounds are presented in the tables. The number of colonies per plate with each strain as well as mean values of 3 plates, corrected to the next whole number are given.
Dichloroacetyl chloride is not a mutagenic in these bacterial test systems either with or without exogenous metabolic activation at the dose level investigated.
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