Registration Dossier
Registration Dossier
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EC number: 230-386-8 | CAS number: 7085-19-0
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Type of information:
- read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Justification for type of information:
- Please see the read-across justification report in Section 13 of the dossier.
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- read-across source
- Duration:
- 14 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 280 µg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- shoot length
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95 % confidence limits 199 - 418 µg/L
- Duration:
- 14 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 82.1 µg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95 % confidence limits 29.1 - 208 µg/L
- Key result
- Duration:
- 14 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 69.4 µg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95 % confidence limits 23.1 - 180 µg/L
- Key result
- Duration:
- 14 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 10 µg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- shoot length
- Key result
- Duration:
- 14 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 10 µg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Duration:
- 14 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 31.7 µg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Duration:
- 14 d
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 31.7 µg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- shoot length
- Duration:
- 14 d
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 31.7 µg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Duration:
- 14 d
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 31.7 µg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Duration:
- 14 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Remarks:
- Yield
- Effect conc.:
- 58.4 µg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- shoot length
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95 % confidence limits 44.3 - 76.2 µg/L
- Duration:
- 14 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 47 µg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- yield
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95 % confidence limits 15.9 - 107 µg/L
- Duration:
- 14 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 22.4 µg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- yield
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95 % confidence limits 11.0 - 36.6 µg/L
- Duration:
- 14 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 10 µg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- shoot length
- Duration:
- 14 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- < 10 µg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- yield
- Duration:
- 14 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- < 10 µg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- yield
- Duration:
- 14 d
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 31.7 µg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- shoot length
- Duration:
- 14 d
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 10 µg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- yield
- Duration:
- 14 d
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 10 µg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- yield
- Conclusions:
- Under the conditions of the study the 14-day EyC50 was calculated to be 58.4, 22.4 and 47.0 μg test material/L for total shoot length, wet weight and dry weight, respectively.
The 14-day ErC50 was calculated to be 280, 82.1 and 69.4 μg test material/L for shoot length, wet weight and dry weight, respectively.
The 14-day NOEyC and the LOEyC were determined to be 10 and 31.7 μg test material/L for shoot length, < 10 and 10 μg test material/L for wet weight and dry weight, respectively.
The 14-day NOErC and the LOErC were determined to be 10 and 31.7 μg test material/L for shoot length and wet weight and 31.7 and 100 μg test material/L for dry weight, respectively.
Considering the very close structural similarity between the source and target substances (as justified in the read-across report that is attached to section 13 of the dossier), results from the study performed with mecoprop-p can be extrapolated to mecoprop. - Executive summary:
The toxicity of the test material to the aquatic plant Myriophyllum spicatum was assessed according to OECD Test Guideline 239 and in compliance with GLP.
Plants of were exposed in a static test to various concentrations of the test material under defined conditions. The inhibition of growth in relation to control cultures was determined over a test period of 14 days.
This study encompassed 6 treatment groups (5 dose rates of the test material and a control) with five replicates per test concentration and ten replicates for the control.
After a pre-rooting phase of 7 days, one plant per replicate was incubated for 14 days under static conditions. The shoot length was determined at test start and day 14. Sub-lethal parameters were assessed at test start, once during the test (day 8) and at test end. At test end fresh and dry weight of each replicate was determined.
The samples collected at start and after 14 days were analysed via HPLC-MS/MS method.
Yield and growth rate based on main shoot length, wet and dry weight
At the start of the test 109 % of the nominal test concentration was found (average of all test concentrations). After 14 days test duration, 94 % of the nominal value was determined (average of all test concentrations). During the test the plants were exposed to a mean of 102 % of nominal. Therefore, all reported results refer to nominal concentrations.
Under the conditions of the study the 14-day EyC50 was calculated to be 58.4, 22.4 and 47.0 μg test material/L for total shoot length, wet weight and dry weight, respectively.
The 14-day ErC50 was calculated to be 280, 82.1 and 69.4 μg test material/L for shoot length, wet weight and dry weight, respectively.
The 14-day NOEyC and the LOEyC were determined to be 10 and 31.7 μg test material/L for shoot length, < 10 and 10 μg test material/L for wet weight and dry weight, respectively.
The 14-day NOErC and the LOErC were determined to be 10 and 31.7 μg test material/L for shoot length and wet weight and 31.7 and 100 μg test material/L for dry weight, respectively.
Findings from the study conducted with the read-across substance are viewed as representing a 'worst case' scenario bearing in mind it is information on the read-across substance that is driving the environmental classification of the registered substance. Hence relying on information on the read-across substance is viewed as representing a conservative approach to risk assessment of the registered substance.
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Type of information:
- read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Justification for type of information:
- Please see the read-across justification report in Section 13 of the dossier.
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- read-across source
- Key result
- Duration:
- 14 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Remarks:
- Growth
- Effect conc.:
- 26.9 µg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- act. ingr.
- Basis for effect:
- shoot length
- Duration:
- 14 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Remarks:
- Growth
- Effect conc.:
- 53.3 µg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- act. ingr.
- Basis for effect:
- biomass
- Duration:
- 14 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Remarks:
- Growth
- Effect conc.:
- > 96.1 µg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- act. ingr.
- Basis for effect:
- biomass
- Remarks on result:
- other: No effect > 50 % could be observed, therefore the EC50 was estimated to be estimated to be based on active ingredient content.
- Duration:
- 14 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Remarks:
- Yield
- Effect conc.:
- 9.41 µg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- act. ingr.
- Basis for effect:
- shoot length
- Duration:
- 14 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Remarks:
- Yield
- Effect conc.:
- 12 µg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- act. ingr.
- Basis for effect:
- biomass
- Duration:
- 14 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Remarks:
- Yield
- Effect conc.:
- > 96.1 µg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- act. ingr.
- Basis for effect:
- biomass
- Remarks on result:
- other: No effect > 50 % could be observed, therefore the EC50 was estimated to be estimated to be based on active ingredient content.
- Duration:
- 14 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 0.971 µg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- act. ingr.
- Basis for effect:
- shoot length
- Duration:
- 14 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 0.971 µg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- act. ingr.
- Basis for effect:
- biomass
- Duration:
- 14 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 96.1 µg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- act. ingr.
- Basis for effect:
- biomass
- Conclusions:
- Under the conditions of the study there was no effect > 50 % observed for the ErC50 and EyC50 for biomass dry weight, therefore the EC50 was estimated to be > 96.1 μg a.i./L.
The 14 day ErC50 was 26.9 μg/L, 53.5 μg/L and > 0.96.1 μg/L based on shoot length, biomass (fresh weight) and biomass (dry weight) respectively.
The 14 day EyC50 was 9.41 μg/L, 12.0 μg/L and > 96.1 μg/L, based on shoot length, biomass (fresh weight) and biomass (dry weight) respectively.
The 14 day NOEC was 0.971 μg/L for shoot length and biomass (fresh weight) and 96.1 μg/L based on biomass (dry weight).
Considering the very close structural similarity between the source and target substances (as justified in the read-across report that is attached to section 13 of the dossier), results from the study performed with mecoprop-p can be extrapolated to mecoprop. - Executive summary:
The toxicity of the test material to aquatic plants was assessed according to OECD Draft Guideline: Water-Sediment Myriophyllum sp Toxicity Test based on Draft AMRAP Method: Growth Inhibition Test for the Rooted Aquatic Macrophyte, Myriophyllum sp. Submitted to OECD for Evaluation, 22 July 2013 and in compliance with GLP.
Five replicates per test material concentration and ten replicates for the control were used. The duration of the test was 14 days. The test was performed under static test conditions. The nominal concentrations of the test material during the test were 1.91, 6.10, 19.5, 62.5 and 200 μg/L and control. This is equivalent to 0.917, 2.93, 9.37, 30.0 and 96.1 μg/L active ingredient. The test material was spiked to the water.
Test material concentrations in the definitive test were verified by analysis of the active ingredient at all concentration levels by analysing the overlying water at test start and test end and wet sediment at test termination on day 14.
On day 14 plants were harvested from each treatment group for assessment of shoot length, plant fresh weight, plant dry weight and number and length of side shoots. Additionally, the main shoot length was measured by use of a ruler on days 0, 7 and 14 during the test.
Endpoints reported are the EC50 for yield (EyC50) and growth rate (ErC50) based on the increase in total shoot length and biomass respectively after 14 days of exposure. The NOEC and LOEC for yield and growth rate were also determined. Temperature, pH and oxygen saturation [%] of the test solutions, measured after 0, 7 and 14 days, are reported.
The measured concentration of the test material based on the active ingredient content in the test vessels at test start ranged between 102 and 111 % of nominal in the overlaying water. The mean measured content for all concentrations at test start was 107 % of nominal for the active ingredient. After 14 days mean active ingredient concentrations in the overlaying water were below 95 % of nominal. As the mean contents of active ingredient were between 80 and 120 % of nominal at test start all toxicological endpoints were evaluated using nominal concentrations of the test material.
In the sediment amounts above the LOQ were only detected at the two highest concentration levels of 62.5 and 200 μg/L test material. The measured content in the sediment at day 14 was 7 % of nominal.
Since the guideline allows a mean coefficient of variation in the control cultures of 35 % EC20 and EC10 values should be treated with caution. It is likely that an increase or decrease of 10 - 20 % is disproportionately affected by the control variability. Consequently, statistical extrapolation of values which are below the lowest test concentration level or estimated from a flat dose response are likely to be unrealistic due to the natural variation between single plants. Total shoot length was found to be more sensitive than biomass (fresh and dry weight) for the EC50.
Under the conditions of the study there was no effect > 50 % observed for the ErC50 and EyC50 for biomass dry weight, therefore the EC50 was estimated to be > 96.1 μg a.i./L.
The 14-day ErC50 was 26.9 μg/L, 53.5 μg/L and > 0.96.1 μg/L based on shoot length, biomass (fresh weight) and biomass (dry weight) respectively.
The 14-day EyC50 was 9.41 μg/L, 12.0 μg/L and > 96.1 μg/L, based on shoot length, biomass (fresh weight) and biomass (dry weight) respectively.
The 14-day NOEC was 0.971 μg/L for shoot length and biomass (fresh weight) and 96.1 μg/L based on biomass (dry weight).
Findings from the study conducted with the read-across substance are viewed as representing a 'worst case' scenario bearing in mind it is information on the read-across substance that is driving the environmental classification of the registered substance. Hence relying on information on the read-across substance is viewed as representing a conservative approach to risk assessment of the registered substance.
Referenceopen allclose all
Description of key information
Key study: Gonsior (2015) - Read across (MCPP-P)
Under the conditions of the study there was no effect > 50 % observed for the ErC50 and EyC50 for biomass dry weight, therefore the EC50 was estimated to be > 96.1 μg a.i./L.
The 14 day ErC50 was 26.9 μg/L, 53.5 μg/L and > 96.1 μg/L based on shoot length, biomass (fresh weight) and biomass (dry weight) respectively.
The 14 day EyC50 was 9.41 μg/L, 12.0 μg/L and > 96.1 μg/L, based on shoot length, biomass (fresh weight) and biomass (dry weight) respectively.
The 14 day NOEC was 0.971 μg/L for shoot length and biomass (fresh weight) and 96.1 μg/L based on biomass (dry weight).
Supporting study: Seeland-Fremer & Mosch (2015) - Read across (MCPP-P)
Under the conditions of the study the 14-day EyC50 was calculated to be 58.4, 22.4 and 47.0 μg test material/L for total shoot length, wet weight and dry weight, respectively.
The 14-day ErC50 was calculated to be 280, 82.1 and 69.4 μg test material/L for shoot length, wet weight and dry weight, respectively.
The 14-day NOEyC and the LOEyC were determined to be 10 and 31.7 μg test material/L for shoot length, < 10 and 10 μg test material/L for wet weight and dry weight, respectively.
The 14-day NOErC and the LOErC were determined to be 10 and 31.7 μg test material/L for shoot length and wet weight and 31.7 and 100 μg test material/L for dry weight, respectively.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- EC50 for freshwater plants:
- 9.41 µg/L
- EC10 or NOEC for freshwater plants:
- 0.971 µg/L
Additional information
Key study: Gonsior (2015) - Read across (MCPP-P)
The toxicity of the test material to aquatic plants was assessed according to OECD Draft Guideline: Water-Sediment Myriophyllum sp Toxicity Test based on Draft AMRAP Method: Growth Inhibition Test for the Rooted Aquatic Macrophyte, Myriophyllum sp. Submitted to OECD for Evaluation, 22 July 2013 and in compliance with GLP. The study was awarded a reliability score of 1 in accordance with the criteria set forth by Klimisch et al. (1997).
Five replicates per test material concentration and ten replicates for the control were used. The duration of the test was 14 days. The test was performed under static test conditions. The nominal concentrations of the test material during the test were 1.91, 6.10, 19.5, 62.5 and 200 μg/L and control. This is equivalent to 0.917, 2.93, 9.37, 30.0 and 96.1 μg/L active ingredient. The test material was spiked to the water.
Test material concentrations in the definitive test were verified by analysis of the active ingredient at all concentration levels by analysing the overlying water at test start and test end and wet sediment at test termination on day 14.
On day 14 plants were harvested from each treatment group for assessment of shoot length, plant fresh weight, plant dry weight and number and length of side shoots. Additionally, the main shoot length was measured by use of a ruler on days 0, 7 and 14 during the test.
Endpoints reported are the EC50 for yield (EyC50) and growth rate (ErC50) based on the increase in total shoot length and biomass respectively after 14 days of exposure. The NOEC and LOEC for yield and growth rate were also determined. Temperature, pH and oxygen saturation [%] of the test solutions, measured after 0, 7 and 14 days, are reported.
The measured concentration of the test material based on the active ingredient content in the test vessels at test start ranged between 102 and 111 % of nominal in the overlaying water. The mean measured content for all concentrations at test start was 107 % of nominal for the active ingredient. After 14 days mean active ingredient concentrations in the overlaying water were below 95 % of nominal. As the mean contents of active ingredient were between 80 and 120 % of nominal at test start all toxicological endpoints were evaluated using nominal concentrations of the test material.
In the sediment amounts above the LOQ were only detected at the two highest concentration levels of 62.5 and 200 μg/L test material. The measured content in the sediment at day 14 was 7 % of nominal.
Since the guideline allows a mean coefficient of variation in the control cultures of 35 % EC20 and EC10 values should be treated with caution. It is likely that an increase or decrease of 10 - 20 % is disproportionately affected by the control variability. Consequently, statistical extrapolation of values which are below the lowest test concentration level or estimated from a flat dose response are likely to be unrealistic due to the natural variation between single plants. Total shoot length was found to be more sensitive than biomass (fresh and dry weight) for the EC50.
Under the conditions of the study there was no effect > 50 % observed for the ErC50 and EyC50 for biomass dry weight, therefore the EC50 was estimated to be > 96.1 μg a.i./L.
The 14-day ErC50 was 26.9 μg/L, 53.5 μg/L and > 96.1 μg/L based on shoot length, biomass (fresh weight) and biomass (dry weight) respectively.
The 14-day EyC50 was 9.41 μg/L, 12.0 μg/L and > 96.1 μg/L, based on shoot length, biomass (fresh weight) and biomass (dry weight) respectively.
The 14-day NOEC was 0.971 μg/L for shoot length and biomass (fresh weight) and 96.1 μg/L based on biomass (dry weight).
Supporting study: Seeland-Fremer & Mosch (2015) - Read across (MCPP-P)
The toxicity of the test material to the aquatic plant Myriophyllum spicatum was assessed according to OECD Test Guideline 239 and in compliance with GLP. The study was awarded a reliability score of 1 in accordance with the criteria set forth by Klimisch et al. (1997).
Plants of were exposed in a static test to various concentrations of the test material under defined conditions. The inhibition of growth in relation to control cultures was determined over a test period of 14 days.
This study encompassed 6 treatment groups (5 dose rates of the test material and a control) with five replicates per test concentration and ten replicates for the control.
After a pre-rooting phase of 7 days, one plant per replicate was incubated for 14 days under static conditions. The shoot length was determined at test start and day 14. Sublethal parameters were assessed at test start, once during the test (day 8) and at test end. At test end fresh and dry weight of each replicate was determined.
The samples collected at start and after 14 days were analysed via HPLC-MS/MS method.
Yield and growth rate based on main shoot length, wet and dry weight
At the start of the test 109% of the nominal test concentration was found (average of all test concentrations). After 14 days test duration, 94 % of the nominal value was determined (average of all test concentrations). During the test the plants were exposed to a mean of 102 % of nominal. Therefore, all reported results refer to nominal concentrations.
Under the conditions of the study the 14-day EyC50 was calculated to be 58.4, 22.4 and 47.0 μg test material/L for total shoot length, wet weight and dry weight, respectively.
The 14-day ErC50 was calculated to be 280, 82.1 and 69.4 μg test material/L for shoot length, wet weight and dry weight, respectively.
The 14-day NOEyC and the LOEyC were determined to be 10 and 31.7 μg test material/L for shoot length, < 10 and 10 μg test material/L for wet weight and dry weight, respectively.
The 14-day NOErC and the LOErC were determined to be 10 and 31.7 μg test material/L for shoot length and wet weight and 31.7 and 100 μg test material/L for dry weight, respectively.
Considering the very close structural similarity between the source and target substances (as justified in the read-across report that is attached to section 13 of the dossier), results from the study performed with mecoprop-p can be extrapolated to mecoprop.
Findings from the study conducted with the read-across substance are viewed as representing a 'worst case' scenario bearing in mind it is information on the read-across substance that is driving the environmental classification of the registered substance. Hence relying on information on the read-across substance is viewed as representing a conservative approach to risk assessment of the registered substance.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.