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EC number: 224-069-3 | CAS number: 4191-73-5
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Short-term toxicity to fish
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to fish
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Justification for type of information:
- Experimental test result performed according to the guideline.
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 203 (Fish, Acute Toxicity Test)
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Study was conducted to access the effect of test chemical on the mortality of fish Danio rerio. Test conducted according to OECD Guideline 203 (Fish, Acute Toxicity Test).
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- - Name of test material (as cited in study report): isopropyl 4-hydroxybenzoate
- Molecular formula : C10H12O3
- Molecular weight : 180.202 g/mol
- Smiles notation : c1(C(OC(C)C)=O)ccc(O)cc1
- InChl : 1S/C10H12O3/c1-7(2)13-10(12)8-3-5-9(11)6-4-8/h3-7,11H,1-2H3
- Substance type:Organic
- Physical state:Solid - Analytical monitoring:
- no
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- The test substance was partially soluble in water. Therefore, the stock solution was prepared by dissolving 1 g of the test substance in 1 liters of potable water (passed through reverse osmosis system) with continuous 24 hours stirring, after stirring stock was analytically detected and the concentration found to be 222.61 mg/L. On the basis of stock concentration 222.61 mg/L further test concentrations calculated which was as follows 1.562 mg/L, 3.125 mg/L, 6.25 mg/L,12.5 mg/L, 25 mg/L respectively.
- Test organisms (species):
- Danio rerio (previous name: Brachydanio rerio)
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name:Zebra Fish
- Strain:Danio rerio
- Source: Unique Aqua Fish Corner
- Length at study initiation (length definition, mean, range and SD): average 1.81 cm
- Weight at study initiation (mean and range, SD): average 0.073 g
-Housing:The fishes were kept in a static tank in tap water passed through reverse osmosis system, under natural conditions along with proper feed and aeration.
-Duration of housing: 15 days
-Photoperiod: 16 hours light and 8 hours dark
-Diet : Standard brand feed, once daily
-Acclimatization: seven days
-feeding frequency: Once in a day - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 96 h
- Hardness:
- 145.5 mg of CaCO3
- Test temperature:
- 23 °C
- pH:
- 7.3 to 7.9
- Dissolved oxygen:
- 6.3 to 6.8
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- 1.562mg/L, 3.125mg/L, 6.25mg/L,12.5mg/L, 25mg/L
- Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: Plastic aquaria
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: 5 liters of plastic aquaria filled with 2 liter of water
- Aeration: Aeration in test vessels was provided 1 day before the start of experiment
- No. of organisms per vessel: 8 fishes
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Photoperiod: 16 hours light and 8 hours dark
- Reference substance (positive control):
- no
- Key result
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect conc.:
- 3.125 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality (fish)
- Remarks on result:
- other: LC0 was observed at 1.562 mg/l.
- Key result
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC100
- Effect conc.:
- 6.25 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality (fish)
- Remarks on result:
- other: Other details not known
- Sublethal observations / clinical signs:
Table 1: Mortality and symptoms:
Nominal
Concentration
(mg/l)
Number of
fish
Mortality (cumulated) after
3hr
6hr
24hr
48hr
72hr
96hr
V1
V2
V1
V2
V1
V2
V1
V2
V1
V2
V1
V2
Control
4
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1.562
4
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3.125
4
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
2
6.25
4
4
-
-
-
-
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
12.5
4
4
-
-
-
-
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
25
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
Visible Symptoms:
Nominal
Concentration
(mg/l)
Number of
fish
symptom (cumulated) after
3hr
6hr
24hr
48hr
72hr
96hr
V1
V2
V1
V2
V1
V2
V1
V2
V1
V2
V1
V2
Control
4
4
NS4
NS4
NS4
NS4
NS4
NS4
NS4
NS4
NS4
NS4
NS4
NS4
1.562
4
4
NS4
NS4
NS4
NS4
NS4
NS4
NS4
NS4
NS4
NS4
NS4
NS4
3.125
4
4
NS4
NS4
NS4
NS4
NS4
NS4
NS4
NS4
NS4
NS4
M2
M2
6.25
4
4
M4
M4
M4
M4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
12.5
4
4
M4
M4
M4
M4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
25
4
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Explanation of symptoms:
A: apathy
N: Narcotic-like state
C: Swimming near water surface
M: Slow movements compared to control
NS: No abnormal symptoms
S: Surfacing behaviour
L: Loss of equilibrium
SM: Shimming movement
H1: Hyperactivity
H2: Hypo activity
B: Bending behavior
F: Fin rot
IS: Invert Swimming
SB: Swimming behaviour
RF: Respiratory Function
P: Pigmentation
E: Exopthalamos
pH and oxygen content:
Number of
pH readings after
Nominal
fish
24h
48h
72h
96h
Concentration
V1
V2
V1
V2
V1
V2
V1
V2
(mg/l)
Control
4
4
7.3
7.3
7.3
7.3
7.4
7.4
7.5
7.5
1.562
4
4
7.5
7.5
7.6
7.6
7.7
7.7
7.8
7.8
3.125
4
4
7.7
7.7
7.8
7.8
7.9
7.9
7.9
7.9
6.25
4
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
12.5
4
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
25
4
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Nominal
Number of
Oxygen content (mg/L) after
Concentrationfish
24h
48h
72h
96h
(mg/l)
V1
V2
V1
V2
V1
V2
V1
V2
Control
4
4
6.8
6.8
6.7
6.7
6.6
6.6
6.7
6.7
1.562
4
4
6.7
6.7
6.6
6.6
6.4
6.4
6.3
6.3
3.125
4
4
6.5
6.5
6.4
6.4
6.4
6.4
6.3
6.3
6.25
4
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
12.5
4
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
25
4
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8.3. Test temperature
Nominal
Number of
Temperature (°C) after
Concentrationfish
24h
48h
72h
96h
(mg/l)
V1
V2
V1
V2
V1
V2
V1
V2
Control
4
4
23.9
23.9
23.6
23.6
23.7
23.7
23.7
23.7
1.562
4
4
23.9
23.9
23.6
23.6
23.7
23.7
23.7
23.7
3.125
4
4
23.9
23.9
23.6
23.6
23.7
23.7
23.7
23.7
6.25
4
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
12.5
4
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
25
4
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- Based on nominal concentrations, experimental median lethal Concentrations [LC-50 (96 h)] for isopropyl 4-hydroxybenzoate on Zebra Fish Danio rerio was determine to be 3.125 mg/l.
- Executive summary:
Study was conducted to assess the effect of test chemical isopropyl 4-hydroxybenzoate on the mortality of fish Danio rerio. Test conducted according to OECD Guideline 203 (Fish, Acute Toxicity Test). The test substance was partially soluble in water. Therefore, the stock solution was prepared by dissolving 1 g of the test substance in 1 liters of potable water (passed through reverse osmosis system) with continuous 24 hours stirring, after stirring stock was analytically detected and the concentration found to be 222.61 mg/L. On the basis of stock concentration 222.61 mg/L further test concentrations calculated which was as follows 1.562 mg/L, 3.125 mg/L, 6.25 mg/L,12.5 mg/L, 25 mg/L respectively and Zebra Fish Danio rerio were exposed to these concentration for 96 hours. Bowl aquaria containing 2 liters of potable water (passed through reverse osmosis system) were loaded with 8 fishes. A static procedure was used for the study and it was conducted in compliance with the OECD guideline 203. Based on nominal concentrations, experimental median lethal Concentrations [LC-50 (96 h)] for isopropyl 4-hydroxybenzoate on Zebra Fish Danio rerio was determine to be 3.125 mg/l. Based on the LC50 value, chemical consider to be toxic but on the basis of readily biodergradability criteria of test chemical, chemical consider to be nontoxic and not classified as per the CLP classification criteria.
Reference
Description of key information
Study was conducted to assess the effect of test chemical isopropyl 4-hydroxybenzoate on the mortality of fish Danio rerio. Test conducted according to OECD Guideline 203 (Fish, Acute Toxicity Test). The test substance was partially soluble in water. Therefore, the stock solution was prepared by dissolving 1 g of the test substance in 1 liters of potable water (passed through reverse osmosis system) with continuous 24 hours stirring, after stirring stock was analytically detected and the concentration found to be 222.61 mg/L. On the basis of stock concentration 222.61 mg/L further test concentrations calculated which was as follows 1.562 mg/L, 3.125 mg/L, 6.25 mg/L,12.5 mg/L, 25 mg/L respectively and Zebra Fish Danio rerio were exposed to these concentration for 96 hours. Bowl aquaria containing 2 liters of potable water (passed through reverse osmosis system) were loaded with 8 fishes. A static procedure was used for the study and it was conducted in compliance with the OECD guideline 203. Based on nominal concentrations, experimental median lethal Concentrations [LC-50 (96 h)] for isopropyl 4-hydroxybenzoate on Zebra Fish Danio rerio was determine to be 3.125 mg/l. Based on the LC50 value, chemical consider to be toxic but on the basis of readily biodegradability criteria of test chemical, chemical consider to be nontoxic and not classified as per the CLP classification criteria.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Fresh water fish
Fresh water fish
- Effect concentration:
- 3.125 mg/L
Additional information
In different studies, the given test chemical has been investigated for toxicity of chemical on mortality of fishes to a greater or lesser extent. The studies are summarized as below –
The first key study was conducted to assess the effect of test chemical isopropyl 4-hydroxybenzoate on the mortality of fish Danio rerio. Test conducted according to OECD Guideline 203 (Fish, Acute Toxicity Test). The test substance was partially soluble in water. Therefore, the stock solution was prepared by dissolving 1 g of the test substance in 1 liters of potable water (passed through reverse osmosis system) with continuous 24 hours stirring, after stirring stock was analytically detected and the concentration found to be 222.61 mg/L. On the basis of stock concentration 222.61 mg/L further test concentrations calculated which was as follows 1.562 mg/L, 3.125 mg/L, 6.25 mg/L,12.5 mg/L, 25 mg/L respectively and Zebra Fish Danio rerio were exposed to these concentration for 96 hours. Bowl aquaria containing 2 liters of potable water (passed through reverse osmosis system) were loaded with 8 fishes. A static procedure was used for the study and it was conducted in compliance with the OECD guideline 203. Based on nominal concentrations, experimental median lethal Concentrations [LC-50 (96 h)] for isopropyl 4-hydroxybenzoate on Zebra Fish Danio rerio was determine to be 3.125 mg/l. Based on the LC50 value, chemical consider to be toxic but on the basis of readily biodegradability criteria of test chemical, chemical consider to be nontoxic and not classified as per the CLP classification criteria.
Similar short-term toxicity to Pimephales promelas was performed for 48 hrs at five nominal concentrations in a temperature-controlled incubator at 24°C with a 16:8 light: dark cycle.500 ml beaker was taken having 250 ml of test chemical. Test solution was prepared by dissolved in high-performance liquid chromatography grade acetone and delivered into RHW at 0.1% acetone. No aeration was used and LD 50 value was determined at 24 and 48 hrs. On the basis of above experiment result, the LD 50 value for Pimephales promelas for isopropylparaben (4191-73-5) was found to be 17.5 mg/L concentrations. Based on this value, it can be concluded that the test chemical Isopropyl 4-hydroxybenzoate can be considered as toxic to aquatic environment. Since the chemical is readily biodegradable in nature, chemical Isopropyl 4 -hydroxybenzoate can be considered as non-toxic to fish at environmentally relevant concentrations and can be considered to be not-classified as per the CLP classification criteria.
Thus based on the above both studies, chemical consider to be nontoxic and not classified as per the CLP classification criteria.
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