4-chloro-4'-hydroxybenzophenone

Toxicity to reproduction: other studies

Administrative data

Endpoint:

toxicity to reproduction: other studies

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

supporting study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment

Remarks:

Not guideline was followed but scientifically defensible approach was used to conduct the study

Data source

Reference

Reference Type:

publication

Title:

Unnamed

Year:

2003

Materials and methods

Test guideline

Qualifier:

no guideline followed

Principles of method if other than guideline:

UV stabilizers used in food contact plastics were tested for their estrogenic activity by the yeast two-hybrid assay. The assay was performed according to Nishikawa, based on the ligand-dependent interaction of estrogen receptor (ER) α and the coactivator transcriptional intermediary factor 2 (TIF2), and the estrogenic activity was detected as β-galactosidase activity. Two expression plasmids, pGBT9-estrogen receptor ligand binding domain (pGBT9-ERLBD) and pGAD424-TIF2, were introduced into yeast cells (Saccharomyces cerevisiae Y190), which carry a β-galactosidase reporter gene and require trytophan and leucine for growth.

GLP compliance:

not specified

Type of method:

in vitro

Test material

Test material information

Constituent 1

Reference substance name:

4-chloro-4'-hydroxybenzophenone

EC Number:

255-627-4

EC Name:

4-chloro-4'-hydroxybenzophenone

Cas Number:

42019-78-3

Molecular formula:

C13H9ClO2

IUPAC Name:

4-(4-chlorobenzoyl)phenol

Details on test material:

- Name of test material (as cited in study report): 4-Hydroxy-4'-chlorobenzophenone
- Source: Tokyo Kasei Kogyo Co. (Tokyo, Japan).

Test animals

Species:

other: In-vitro

Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:

In-vitro: Saccharomyces cerevisiae cultures.

Administration / exposure

Route of administration:

other: In-vitro

Vehicle:

DMSO

Analytical verification of doses or concentrations:

not specified

Doses / concentrations

Doses / concentrations 1

Dose / conc.:

10 other: mM

Remarks:

highest conc.
Basis: nominal conc.

Doses / concentrations 2

Dose / conc.:

0.001 other: mM

Remarks:

lowest conc.
Basis: nominal conc.

No. of animals per sex per dose:

In-vitro

Details on study design:

Each experiment was accompanied by E2 as a positive control and DMSO as a negative control.

Statistics:

The results were evaluated based on relative activity, expressed as 10% relative effective concentration (REC10), which is the concentration of the test chemical showing 10% of the agonist activity of 10E-06 M E2, the highest activity level of E2. When the activity of the test chemical was higher that the REC10 within the concentration tested, the chemical was judged to be positive. When it was judged to be negative, more than the highest dose tested was indicated.

Results and discussion

Any other information on results incl. tables

The estrogenic activity of 4-hydroxy-4’-chlorobenzophenone expressed as 10% relative effective concentration (REC10) was determined to be 2.2 × 10E–06 M. The substance was determined to be relatively strong compound for which REC10 values were under 10E-04 M.

Applicant's summary and conclusion

Conclusions:

The estrogenic activity of 4-hydroxy-4’-chlorobenzophenone expressed as 10% relative effective concentration (REC10) in a Yeast Two-Hybrid Assay, was determined to be 2.2 × 10E–06 M, and was determined to be positive for estrogenic activity.

Executive summary:

UV stabilizers used in food contact plastics were tested for their estrogenic activity by the Yeast Two-Hybrid Assay. The assay was performed according to Nishikawa, based on the ligand-dependent interaction of estrogen receptor (ER) α and the coactivator transcriptional intermediary factor 2 (TIF2), and the estrogenic activity was detected as β-galactosidase activity. Two expression plasmids, pGBT9-estrogen receptor ligand binding domain (pGBT9-ERLBD) and pGAD424-TIF2, were introduced into yeast cells (Saccharomyces cerevisiae Y190), which carry a β-galactosidase reporter gene and require trytophan and leucine for growth. The estrogenic activity of 4-hydroxy-4’-chlorobenzophenone expressed as 10% relative effective concentration (REC10) in a Yeast Two-Hybrid Assay, was determined to be 2.2 × 10E–06 M. The substance showed estrogenic activity.