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EC number: 202-804-9 | CAS number: 99-96-7
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Dermal absorption
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- dermal absorption in vivo
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- in or before 1997
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: acceptable, well-documented study which meets basic scientific principles
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 1 997
- Report date:
- 1997
Materials and methods
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- in vivo disposition after dermal administration
- GLP compliance:
- no
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- 4-hydroxybenzoic acid
- EC Number:
- 202-804-9
- EC Name:
- 4-hydroxybenzoic acid
- Cas Number:
- 99-96-7
- Molecular formula:
- C7H6O3
- IUPAC Name:
- 4-hydroxybenzoic acid
- Details on test material:
- - Name of test material (as cited in study report): hydroxybenzoic acid, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid
- Radiochemical purity (if radiolabelling): C14-ring labelled
- Specific activity (if radiolabelling): 58.6 µCi/µmol
- Locations of the label (if radiolabelling): aromatic ring
- Producer: Moravek Biochemicals, Brea, CA, USA
- Radiochemical purity: > 98%
Constituent 1
- Radiolabelling:
- yes
Test animals
- Species:
- rat
- Strain:
- Fischer 344
- Sex:
- female
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- TEST ANIMALS
- Source: Charles River Laboratories, Raleigh, NC, USA
- Age at study initiation: 29 +-2days
- Weight at study initiation: 52-74 g
- Fasting period before study: 24 hours
- Housing: polycarbonate cages
- Individual metabolism cages: yes (individually 3 days before dosing)
- Diet: ad libitum
- Water: ad libitum
- Acclimation period:
ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°C): 25 °C +-2°C
- Humidity (%): 50 +-10
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): 12/12
Administration / exposure
- Type of coverage:
- occlusive
- Vehicle:
- other: ethanol
- Duration of exposure:
- 120 hours
- Doses:
- 5 µg/animal, 3.9 µg/cm², approx. 2µCi
- No. of animals per group:
- 3 or 4, no clear data
- Control animals:
- no
- Details on study design:
- DOSE PREPARATION
- Method for preparation of dose suspensions: in Ethanol
- Method of storage:
APPLICATION OF DOSE:
VEHICLE
- Amount(s) applied (volume or weight with unit): test item applied in 10µL Ethanol
- Concentration of test item in vehicle: 5 µg/10µL
TEST SITE
- Preparation of test site: removel of hair with electric clipper, clipped skin was washed with acetone
- Area of exposure:1.27 cm2
- % coverage: 100
- Type of cover / wrap if used: 5 mL plastic cup glued (cyano acrylate adhesive) over treated skin
SITE PROTECTION / USE OF RESTRAINERS FOR PREVENTING INGESTION: yes: latex tubing placed around the animals behind the forelegs using a wire
REMOVAL OF TEST SUBSTANCE
- Removal of protecting device: yes
- Washing procedures and type of cleansing agent: 1 mL wash solution Ivory soap/water (1/1), cotton ball was used (forceps and rubbing) to absorb washing solution and test item, washing with soap: 2 times, followed by washing with water (1 mL, cotton ball): 2 times, followed by drying with cotton ball. Plastic cup replaced.
- Time after start of exposure: 24 h
SAMPLE COLLECTION
- Collection of urine and faeces: yes
- Collection of expired air: no
- Terminal procedure: after 120 h, animals were killed, plastic cup was removed, treated skin was cut away. Plastic cup, skin and whole animal were analyse for radioactivity.
- Analysis of organs: no
SAMPLE PREPARATION
- Preparation details: carcasses were frozen in liquid N2, homogenised, weighed, combusted (to absorb C14 labelled CO2) and analysed
CHEMICALS for Analysis:
- Flo-Scint II, Carbosorb and Permafluor V (all from Packard Instruments Co.
ANALYSIS
- Method type(s) for identification: Liquid scintillation counting
- urine was not analyzed with HPLC because of low counts.
Results and discussion
- Signs and symptoms of toxicity:
- no effects
- Dermal irritation:
- not specified
- Absorption in different matrices:
- - occlusive cover: yes
- Skin wash: after 24 hours
- Skin test site: dorsal skin
- Carcass: treated-slinsite
- Urine: yes
- Faeces: yes - Total recovery:
- - Total recovery: 99.92%
- Wash: 95.9+-0.3%
- Body: 0.28+-0.01%
- Urine: 1.9+-0.3%
- Treated skin: 1.8+-0.2%
- Feces: 0.04+-0.19%
- Untreated skin: < 0.005%
Any other information on results incl. tables
The dermal absorption of radiolabelled 4 -HBA through the skin of 29-day-old female rats was examined over a period of 120 hours.
The dermal absorption was minimal, 4% of the dosage.
The recovery of the total radiolabelled dosage was 99.92%, 95.9% remained at the treated skin site.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- Only a minimal amount of 4-HBA (4% of the dosage) was absorbed.
- Executive summary:
The dermal absorption of radiolabelled 4 -HBA through the skin of 29-day-old female rats was examined over a period of 120 hours.
The dermal absorption was minimal, 4% of the dosage.
The recovery of the total radiolabelled dosage was 99.92%, 95.9% remained at the treated skin site.
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