Registration Dossier
Registration Dossier
Data platform availability banner - registered substances factsheets
Please be aware that this old REACH registration data factsheet is no longer maintained; it remains frozen as of 19th May 2023.
The new ECHA CHEM database has been released by ECHA, and it now contains all REACH registration data. There are more details on the transition of ECHA's published data to ECHA CHEM here.
Diss Factsheets
Use of this information is subject to copyright laws and may require the permission of the owner of the information, as described in the ECHA Legal Notice.
EC number: 235-715-9 | CAS number: 12607-70-4
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Exposure related observations in humans: other data
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- exposure-related observations in humans: other data
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Study period:
- not reported
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: see 'Remark'
- Remarks:
- Meets generally accepted scientific methods with sufficient documentation. Relevant exposure to submission substance, adequate detail on exposure and sampling methods. (A detailed description of the scoring criteria can be found in the .pdf document attached to the 'Exposure Scoring Rationale Document' record at the beginning of Section 7.10.5).
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 2 004
Materials and methods
- Type of study / information:
- Measured levels of dermal exposure of Ni in refinery workers.
- Endpoint addressed:
- not applicable
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- no guideline followed
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- The study compared levels of nickel on the skin of nickel refinery workers (hands, forearms, neck, face and chest) from various refinery task areas topredicted exposure levels.
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- [carbonato(2-)]tetrahydroxytrinickel
- EC Number:
- 235-715-9
- EC Name:
- [carbonato(2-)]tetrahydroxytrinickel
- Cas Number:
- 12607-70-4
- Molecular formula:
- Ni3(OH)4CO3
- IUPAC Name:
- trinickel monocarbonate tetrahydroxide
- Details on test material:
- - Name of test material (as cited in study report): Nickel hydroxycarbonate
- Molecular formula (if other than submission substance): not different than submission substance
- Molecular weight (if other than submission substance): not different than submission substance
- Smiles notation (if other than submission substance): not different than submission substance
- InChl (if other than submission substance): not different than submission substance
- Structural formula attached as image file (if other than submission substance): not different than submission substance
- Substance type: nickel matte
- Other details on test material not reported or not applicable
Constituent 1
Method
- Ethical approval:
- not applicable
- Details on study design:
- Dermal exposure samples were collected using moist wipes swabbed over the skin. Samples were collected from hands, forearms, neck,
face, and chest of refinery workers. Soluble and insoluble Ni was measured by ICP-AES. - Exposure assessment:
- measured
- Details on exposure:
- TYPE OF EXPOSURE: dermal exposure
TYPE OF EXPOSURE MEASUREMENT: moist swabbs on skin to recover nickel
EXPOSURE LEVELS: see table below
EXPOSURE PERIOD: not reported
POSTEXPOSURE PERIOD: not applicable
DESCRIPTION / DELINEATION OF EXPOSURE GROUPS / CATEGORIES: reported by workplace and task
Results and discussion
- Results:
- Exposure levels presented in Table above. Authors reported that exposure levels were lower than expected for this industry.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- Median soluble and insoluble exposures ranged from 0.24 - 2.6 and 0.15 - 6.4 ug Ni/cm2 skin, respectively.
- Executive summary:
Hughson (2004) reported on a study comparing levels of nickel on the skin of nickel refinery workers (hands, forearms, neck, face and chest) from various refinery task areas to predicted exposure levels. Estimates of exposure to soluble and insoluble nickel compounds were derived using the European Union’s Existing Substances Risk Assessment (EASE) model for workers at two different nickel refineries; this model incorporated various job tasks. The author mentioned nickel hydroxycarbonate as one of the compounds to which the workers of the nickel packing area would have been exposed. The dermal nickel samples were collected by swabbing commercial moist wipes over measured areas of the skin. Each wipe sample was analyzed for soluble and insoluble forms of nickel using Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometry, and the quantity of nickel in each wipe sample was used to determine the amount of nickel on each anatomical area.
The concentrations of nickel in skin samples collected from refinery workers performing various tasks were reported as follows (50th and 90th percentile for combined hands and arms of three to nine samples for both soluble and insoluble nickel; Nisol and Niinsol, respectively): leaching plant (0.24, 0.25 μg Nisol/cm2 skin; 0.15, 0.27 μg Niinsol/cm2 skin), electro-winning (0.25, 0.88 μg
Nisol/cm2 skin; 0.08, 1.0 μg Niinsol/cm2 skin), cathode cutting (0.26, 0.31 μg Nisol/cm2 skin; 0.36, 0.63 μg Niinsol/cm2 skin), nickel powder packing (2.6, 4.4 μg Nisol/cm2 skin; 6.4, 11 μg Niinsol/cm2 skin), nickel briquette packing (0.24, 0.74 μg Nisol/cm2 skin; 0.9, 6.04 μg Niinsol/cm2 skin), and nickel compound packing (0.39, 0.66 μg Nisol/cm2 skin; 0.18, 0.4 μg Niinsol/cm2 skin). The correlations of dermal nickel levels among the different anatomical areas were all significant. The author stated that the dermal exposures were less than predicted values generated by the EASE model, and the dermal nickel levels were much lower than levels measured in the zinc industry. However, no data or analyses were provided on either of these comparisons to support these claims. In addition, although the highest levels were observed among the nickel powder packing workers, the author indicated that an evaluation of the physical properties of the nickel species to which workers are exposed, rather than just the skin exposure to total nickel levels, should be addressed to provide a more accurate health risk assessment. STUDY RATED BY AN INDEPENDENT REVIEWER.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.