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EC number: 212-377-0 | CAS number: 811-97-2
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Specific investigations: other studies
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
Description of key information
Early studies on the toxicity of certain hydrocarbons, especially anaesthetics, showed that they could render the mammalian heart abnormally reactive or sensitive to adrenaline (epinephrine) resulting in cardiac arrhythmias. 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (HFC 134a) has been investigated for this effect in beagle dogs and no effect concentrations demonstrated at 40000ppm and 50000ppm in two studies. HFC 134a has a low narcotic potential being able to induce anaesthesia at only very high concentrations.
Additional information
Male Beagle dogs were exposed to nominal HFC-134a concentrations of 50,000, 75,000 or 100,000 ppm (208,000, 313,000, 417,000 mg/m3) and given a bolus injection of 8 µl/kgbw epinephrine. Two of 10 dogs exposed to 75,000 ppm and 2 of 4 dogs exposed to 100,000 ppm exhibited a marked response (multiple extrasystoles). One dog exposed to 100,000 ppm developed ventricular fibrillation and cardiac arrest. None of the 10 dogs exposed to 50,000 ppm HFC-134a exhibited a cardiac sensitisation response (Mullin 1979).
In another study in Beagle dogs, the cardiac sensitisation potential of HFC-134a was evaluated at concentrations of 40,000, 80,000, 160,000 or 320,000 ppm (167,000, 334,000, 667,000, 1,330,000 mg/m3) until equilibrium concentrations in the blood were established (approximately after 5 minutes of exposure). At that time, the dogs were given an intravenous injection of adrenaline (8 µg/kg) and monitored for cardiac arrhythmias. Three of 10 dogs exposed to 80,000 ppm developed cardiac arrhythmias, as did 4 out of 10 dogs exposed to 160,000 ppm and 3 out of 4 dogs exposured to 320,000 ppm. Concentrations of 40,000 ppm HFC-134a were tolerated without any signs of cardiac arrhythmias. The reference compound in this study, CFC-12 (dichlorodifluoroethane), showed a comparable cardiac senstisation potential (Hardy et al 1991). HFC 134a has a low narcotic potential being able to induce anaesthesia at only very high concentrations (> 500000ppm) (Shulman & Sandove, 1967).
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