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Diss Factsheets
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EC number: 204-337-6 | CAS number: 119-61-9
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Dermal absorption
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- dermal absorption in vivo
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- In vivo percutaneous absorption of fragrance ingredients in rhesus monkeys and humans
- Author:
- Bronaugh RL, Wester RC, Bucks D, Maibach HI & Sarason R
- Year:
- 1 990
- Bibliographic source:
- Food Chem Toxicol 28, 369-373
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- no guideline followed
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Benzophenone
- EC Number:
- 204-337-6
- EC Name:
- Benzophenone
- Cas Number:
- 119-61-9
- Molecular formula:
- C13H10O
- IUPAC Name:
- diphenylmethanone
- Details on test material:
- - Name of test material (as cited in study report): Benzophenone
- Substance type: aryl ketone
- Radiochemical purity (if radiolabelling): 99.9%
- Specific activity (if radiolabelling): 5.4 mCi/mmoL
- Other: Supplier: Pathfinder Laboratories, St. Louis, MO, USA)
Constituent 1
- Radiolabelling:
- yes
Test animals
- Species:
- monkey
- Strain:
- other: rhesus
- Sex:
- female
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- TEST ANIMALS
- Source: California Primate Centre
- Age at study initiation: 10, 14, 19 and 19 years
- Individual metabolism cages: yes
Administration / exposure
- Type of coverage:
- other: The application sites were occluded by one of two different methods. In some experiments, a plastic wrap was held in place over the application site with adhesive tape.In other experiments, a glass chamber was glued to the skin around the application site
- Vehicle:
- acetone
- Remarks:
- 10 - 20 µL/cm2
- Duration of exposure:
- 24 hours
- Doses:
- - Nominal doses: 4 µg/cm2 to a lightly clipped skin area of 1 cm2
- No. of animals per group:
- A total of 4 animals was used
- Control animals:
- no
- Details on study design:
- DOSE PREPARATION
- Method for preparation of dose suspensions: the radiolabelled test item was diluted with acetone
- Method of storage: no storage
VEHICLE
- Justification for use and choice of vehicle (if other than water): good solubility
- Amount(s) applied (volume or weight with unit): 10-20 µL/cm2 of skin
TEST SITE
- Preparation of test site: the test site was lightly clipped
- Area of exposure: 1 cm2
- % coverage: no data
- Type of cover / wrap if used: plastic wrap or glass chamber
SITE PROTECTION / USE OF RESTRAINERS FOR PREVENTING INGESTION: monkeys were restrained in metabolic chairs for 24 hours
REMOVAL OF TEST SUBSTANCE
- Removal of protecting device: after 5 days p.a.
- Washing procedures and type of cleansing agent: 24 hour p.a., the test sites were washed with soap and water. The wash solution was applied to a ryon-cotton ball atached to a pair of curved foreceps.
- Time after start of exposure: 24 hours
SAMPLE COLLECTION
- Collection of blood: not sampled
- Collection of urine and faeces: urine samples were collected in metabolic cages for anotherv4 days after the 24 hour exposure period
- Collection of expired air: not sampled
- Terminal procedure: none
- Analysis of organs: not performed
ANALYSIS
- Method type(s) for identification: Liquid scintillation counting
- Liquid scintillation counting results (cpm) converted to dpm as follows: with a parenteral correction factor according to Feldmann and Maibach (1969)
- Validation of analytical procedure: no data
- Limits of detection and quantification: no data
Results and discussion
- Signs and symptoms of toxicity:
- not specified
- Dermal irritation:
- not specified
- Absorption in different matrices:
- - Skin wash: wash solutions were determined for radioactivity
- Urine: detemined for 4 days after 24 hours exposure
Percutaneous absorptionopen allclose all
- Dose:
- 4 µg/cm2
- Parameter:
- percentage
- Absorption:
- ca. 43.8 %
- Remarks on result:
- other: Urine collection over 5 days; means and SD
- Remarks:
- Unoccluded site
- Dose:
- 4 µg/cm2
- Parameter:
- percentage
- Absorption:
- ca. 68.7 %
- Remarks on result:
- other: Urine collection over 5 days; means and SD
- Remarks:
- Plastic wrap
- Dose:
- 4 µg/cm2
- Parameter:
- percentage
- Absorption:
- ca. 68.6 %
- Remarks on result:
- other: Urine collection over 5 days; means and SD
- Remarks:
- Glass chamber
- Conversion factor human vs. animal skin:
- Percutaneous absorption in humans was determinded by measuring the radioactivity excreted in the urine samples collected each day, using liquid scintillation counting and then correcting the amount of radioactivity for complete excretion with a parenteral correction factor. Topical values were divided by this percentage to give total percutaneous absorption.
The means of these values were 92.6% for benzophenone in monkeys.
Any other information on results incl. tables
Table 1: Percutaneous absorption of Benzophenone in the monkeys
Absorption (% of the applied dose) |
|||
|
Site occluded with |
||
Compound |
Unoccluded site |
Plastic wrap |
Glass chamber |
Benzophenone |
43.8 ± 7.5 |
68.7 ± 6.4 |
68.6 ± 4.6 |
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- The percentage of dermal absorption for Benzophenone in rhesus monkeys was about 70% after occlusive conditons. The authors concluded that the skin of rhesus monkeys resembles well the human skin with regard to percutaneous absorption of fragrance ingredients.
- Executive summary:
The percutaneous absorption of benzophenone and other fragrances was determined in vivo in monkeys. Absorption through occluded skin was high (about 70% of the applied dose within 24 hours). Under unoccluded conditions skin penetration was reduced, presumably because of evaporation.
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