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EC number: 909-709-8 | CAS number: -
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Water solubility
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- water solubility
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Study period:
- from 06 DEC 2005 to 15 JAN 2007
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 105 (Water Solubility)
- Version / remarks:
- and EU method A6 (water solubility) (in the report : EEC directive 92/69, A6)
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Type of method:
- column elution method
- Water solubility:
- < 0.123 µg/L
- Temp.:
- 20 °C
- pH:
- 6.01 - 6.41
- Details on results:
- The measured results differ by less than 30%. Therefore, the study is considered to be valid.The water solubility was calculated including the content of the test item given in the certificate of analysis.
- Conclusions:
- The water solubility of cerium dioxide is < 0.123 µg/L at 20°C and therefore considered insoluble (< 0.1 mg/L).
- Executive summary:
The determination of the water solubility of cerium dioxide was performed according to the EEC Directive 92/69, A.6 “Water Solubility” (1992) and the OECD guideline No. 105, “Water Solubility” (adopted July 27, 1995), using the column elution method.
During the pre-tests, the water solubility of the test item at room temperature was estimated to be < 10 mg/L by visual judgement. Therefore, the column elution method was used for the performance of the main test.
During the main test six samples have been analysed in the first run (0.52 mL/min) and six samples during the second run (0.26 mL/min), each with a sampling interval of one hour. Total elution time was 94 hours.
The water solubility calculated on the basis of cerium content and purity of the test item is < 0.123 µg/L at 20°C .
The pH of the solution was between 6.01 and 6.41.
- Endpoint:
- water solubility
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Study period:
- 2008-02-25 to 2009-11-20
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 105 (Water Solubility)
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method A.6 (Water Solubility)
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Remarks:
- certificate provided by Rheinlandpfalz
- Type of method:
- column elution method
- Water solubility:
- < 55 µg/L
- Temp.:
- 20 °C
- pH:
- 6.5
- Details on results:
- Limit of detection was calculated from the calibrated range to be 40.8 µg/L Zr, corresponding to 55 µg/L ZrO2. As none of the samples showed a signal at the voltage of the Zr-Alizarin-peak, concentration in the samples and therefore water solubility was considered to lie below LOD.
No observations arousing doubts concerning the accuracy of the results and the validity of the study were made. - Conclusions:
- Interpretation of results: insoluble (< 0.1 mg/L)
The water solubility of the test item was found to be < 55 µg/L at a temperature of 20 +/- 0.5 degrees C and a pH of 6.5. - Endpoint:
- water solubility
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Study period:
- no data
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- data from handbook or collection of data
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Data in this peer-reviewed publication were taken from many sources, including both compilations and primary literature. Where conflicts were found, the value deemed most reliable was chosen for inclusion in the handbook. Reference sources were not provided for this parameter, nor were the experimental methods.
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Remarks on result:
- other: test substance is insoluble in water and is only slightly soluble in acid
- Details on results:
- It was reported that the test subsance is insoluble in water and is only slightly soluble in acid.
- Conclusions:
- Under the test conditions it was reported that the test substance is insoluble in water and only slightly soluble in acid.
- Endpoint:
- water solubility
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Study period:
- no data
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- data from handbook or collection of data
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Data in this peer-reviewed publication were taken from many sources, including both compilations and primary literature. Where conflicts were found, the value deemed most reliable was chosen for inclusion in the handbook. Reference sources were not provided for this parameter, nor were the experimental methods.
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Remarks on result:
- other: test substance is practically insoluble in water; slightly soluble in HCl, HNO3.
- Details on results:
- Practically insoluble in water; slightly soluble in HCl, HNO3
- Conclusions:
- Under the test conditions it was reported that the test substance is practically insoluble in water; slightly soluble in HCl, HNO3.
- Endpoint:
- water solubility
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Reliability:
- 4 (not assignable)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- documentation insufficient for assessment
- Remarks:
- The references mentioned in this endpoint study record only contain qualitative information, without numeric values for water solubility.
- Qualifier:
- no guideline available
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- No data.
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Remarks on result:
- other: not soluble in water or organic solvents
- Details on results:
- not soluble in water or organic solvents
- Conclusions:
- Cerium oxide was not soluble in water or organic solvents.
- Endpoint:
- water solubility
- Type of information:
- read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Justification for type of information:
- Read across from water solubility data on the constituents cerium dioxide and zirconium dioxide which are used as supporting information for the reaction mass of cerium dioxide and zirconium dioxide. The read across justification document is attached to IUCLID Section 13.
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- read-across source
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- read-across source
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- read-across source
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- read-across source
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- read-across source
- Remarks on result:
- other: The water solubility data on CeO2 and ZrO2 support the conclusion that the reaction mass of CeO2 and ZrO2 is insoluble in water.
- Remarks:
- CeO2 and ZrO2 were determined to be insoluble in water.
- Details on results:
- An experimental study performed on cerium dioxide, scored as Klimisch 1 (Weissenfeld, 2007) indicates a water solubility of < 0.123 µg/L, and literature information, scored as Klimisch 4 (three sources), also available for cerium dioxide, indicates consistently this compound to be not soluble in water.
An experimental study performed on zirconium dioxide, scored as Klimisch 1 (Paulus, 2010) indicates a water solubility of < 55 µg/L, and literature information, scored as Klimisch 2 (two sources), also available for zirconium dioxide, indicates consistently this compound to be (practically) insoluble in water. - Endpoint:
- water solubility
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- from 23-july-2007 to 18-july-2008
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 105 (Water Solubility)
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method A.6 (Water Solubility)
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Type of method:
- column elution method
- Key result
- Water solubility:
- 0.16 µg/L
- Temp.:
- 20 °C
- pH:
- >= 6.76 - <= 6.95
- Details on results:
- The measured results differ by less than 30%. Therefore, the study is considered to be valid.
- Conclusions:
- The water solubility of the test Item was found to be 0.16 µg/L (standard deviation ± 0.03 µg/L) at 20°C and therefore considered insoluble.
- Executive summary:
The determination of the water solubility of the reaction mass of cerium dioxide and zirconium dioxide was performed according to the EEC Directive 92/69, A.6 Water Solubility (1992) and OECD guideline No. 105, Water Solubility (adopted July 27, 1995), using the column elution method.
During pre-tests the water solubility of the test item at room temperature was estimated to be < 9.47 mg/L by visual judgement. Therefore, the column elution method was used for the performance of the main test.
During the main test six samples have been analysed in the first run (0.52 mL/min) and six samples during the second run (0.26 mL/min), each with a sampling interval of one hour. Total elution time was 143 hours.
The water solubility was calculated including the content of the test item given in the certificate of analysis.
The water solubility of the test item at 20°C was determined to be 0.16 µg/L (standard deviation ± 0.32 µg/L) using the column elution.
Referenceopen allclose all
Table 1: Results of the water solubility of cerium dioxide
Experiment No. |
Flow rate (mL/h) |
Sample No. |
Concentration analysed (µg Cerium/L) |
Mean (µg Cerium/L) |
Water solubility calculated * (µg Test item/L) |
Water solubility calculated (µg Test item/L) |
pH |
1 |
31 |
1.1 1.2 |
< 0.1 < 0.1 |
< 0.1 |
< 0.123 |
|
6.41 |
1 |
31 |
2.1 2.2 |
< 0.1 < 0.1 |
< 0.1 |
< 0.123 |
|
6.12 |
1 |
31 |
3.1 3.2 |
< 0.1 < 0.1 |
< 0.1 |
< 0.123 |
|
6.08 |
1 |
31 |
4.1 4.2 |
< 0.1 < 0.1 |
< 0.1 |
< 0.123 |
|
6.01 |
1 |
31 |
5.1 5.2 |
< 0.1 < 0.1 |
< 0.1 |
< 0.123 |
|
6.26 |
1 |
31 |
6.1 6.2 |
< 0.1 < 0.1 |
< 0.1 |
< 0.123 |
|
6.17 |
2 |
16 |
7.1 7.2 |
< 0.1 < 0.1 |
< 0.1 |
< 0.123 |
< 0.123 ± 0.0 |
6.34 |
2 |
16 |
8.1 8.2 |
< 0.1 < 0.1 |
< 0.1 |
< 0.123 |
|
6.21 |
2 |
16 |
9.1 9.2 |
< 0.1 < 0.1 |
< 0.1 |
< 0.123 |
|
6.20 |
2 |
16 |
10.1 10.2 |
< 0.1 < 0.1 |
< 0.1 |
< 0.123 |
|
6.30 |
2 |
16 |
11.1 11.2 |
< 0.1 < 0.1 |
< 0.1 |
< 0.123 |
|
6.35 |
2 |
16 |
12.1 12.2 |
< 0.1 < 0.1 |
< 0.1 |
< 0.123 |
|
6.15 |
SD = Standard deviation
* calculated with a content of cerium = 81.2455%
Table 1: Water solubility (Column-Elution-Method)
Experi-ment No. |
Flow rate (mL/h) |
Sample No. |
Concentra- tion analysed * (µg Ce/L) |
Water solubility calculated ** (µg Test item/L) |
Water solubility calculated (µg Test item/L) |
Water solubility calculated (µg Test item/L) |
pH |
1 |
31 |
1 2 3 4 5 6 |
0.062*** 0.062*** 0.062*** 0.062*** 0.062*** 0.062*** |
0.139 0.139 0.139 0.139 0.139 0.139 |
0.139 |
0.16 SD = ± 0.03 Srel = ± 17.70% |
6.90 6.89 6.95 6.82 6.76 6.81 |
2 |
16 |
7 8 9 10 11 12 |
0.067 0.071 0.074 0.101 0.076 0.088 |
0.150 0.159 0.166 0.226 0.170 0.197 |
0.178 SD = ± 0.03 Srel = ± 15.97% |
6.78 6.93 6.76 6.79 6.86 6.95 |
SD = Standard deviation
* values measured by ICP / MS
** calculated with a content of cerium in the test item = 48.73%, a purity of the test item = 98.92% and a dilution factor of 1.08
*** the concentration has been analysed and found to be below LOQ (0.062 µg Ce/L) but above LOD (0.018 µg Ce/L)
Description of key information
The water solubility of the reaction mass of cerium dioxide and zirconium dioxide was determined following the OECD 105 and EC A.6 test methods to be 0.16 µg/L at 20 °C (Weissenfeld, 2008). The study was performed on a representative nanoform of the reaction mass. The water solubility of any potential bulk form, should such form be placed on the market, can reasonably be expected to be even lower than that obtained for the representative nanoform.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- Water solubility:
- 0.16 µg/L
- at the temperature of:
- 20 °C
Additional information
An experimental study performed on cerium dioxide, scored as Klimisch 1 (Weissenfeld, 2007), indicates a water solubility of < 0.123 µg/L, and literature information, scored as Klimisch 4 (three sources), also available for cerium dioxide, indicates consistently this compound to be not soluble in water.
An experimental study performed on zirconium dioxide, scored as Klimisch 1 (Paulus, 2010) indicates a water solubility of < 55 µg/L, and literature information, scored as Klimisch 2 (two sources), also available for zirconium dioxide, indicates consistently this compound to be (practically) insoluble in water.
Data on these constituents are used as supporting information in a read across analogue approach.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
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