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EC number: 207-306-5 | CAS number: 460-19-5
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- read-across based on grouping of substances (category approach)
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: see 'Remark'
- Remarks:
- Experimental data were reviewed by U. Hommen at the Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (IME). The report is a weight of evidence approach to an extensive body of literature. The report uses a methodology for species sensitivity distribution consistent with EU guidance.
- Justification for type of information:
- Ethanedinitrile, hydrogen cyanide (HCN), potassium cyanide and sodium cyanide can be considered as a chemical category, along with and acetone cyanohydrin (ACH, also known as 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanenitrile), based on structural similarity, common breakdown/metabolic products in physical and biological systems, and similar physico-chemical properties. Particular attention is paid to the dissociation constant of HCN. Ethanedinitrile breaks down in aqueous solution into cyanide ion (CN-) and cyanate ion (OCN-) (Cotton and Wilkinson 1980). Ethanedinitrile due to its low log Kow (0.07) and relatively high solubility in water (2.34 g/L) needs to get dissolved in aqueous solutions in lungs to enter the body. The rate of hydrolysis of ethanedinitrile is very fast (Ajwa 2015). Also, in the vast majority of environmental and physiologic conditions, the cyanide salts will dissolve in water to form hydrogen cyanide. The physico-chemical hazards and toxicity therefore result from the activity of HCN. An ECETOC Task Force, in the 2007 ECETOC Joint Assessment of Commodity Chemicals (JACC) Report No. 53, “Cyanides of Hydrogen, Sodium and Potassium, and Acetone Cyanohydrin (CAS No. 74-90-8, 143-33-9, 151-50-8 and 75-86-5)” supports the development of the chemical category inclusive hydrogen cyanide, sodium and potassium cyanides. Hydrogen cyanide (Index No.006-006-00-X) and salts of hydrogen cyanides (Index No.006-007-00-5) are both listed in Annex VI, Table 3.1 of Regulation (EC) No. 1272/2008, entry 006-007-00-5, and are restricted in comparable ways taking into account physical characteristics. Thus, the assignment of ethanedinitrile to a chemical category does not result in a less protective regulatory status.
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- A search of the available literature on cyanides revealed an extensive database of valid aquatic toxicity studies. In cases where there is a sufficiently robust database, a probabilistic approach using the whole database is preferred to derive a species sensitivity distribution (SSD). The HC5 is regarded as a ‘safe’ concentration for 95% of the species (Posthuma et al., 2002). It is used in the current EU chemical risk assessment paradigm that is based on a generic model representing the freshwater and terrestrial environment of Europe (ECB, 2003).
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Test organisms (species):
- other: 13 aquatic species (eight freshwater and five marine species) from five taxonomic groups
- Details on test organisms:
- The species sensitivity distribution for chronic aquatic toxicity includes 13 species (eight freshwater and five marine species) from five taxonomic groups, including chordates (four fish species from three families, including Pimephales promelas [Cypronidae], Onchorhynchus mykiss [Salmonidae], Salvelinus fontinalis [Salmonidae], and Cyprinodon variegatus [Cyprinodontidae]); crustacea (four species, including Moinodaphnia macleayi, Gammarus pseudolimnaeus, Asellus communis, and Americamysis bahia); molluscs (two species, including Mytilus galloprovincialis and Chlamys asperrima); algae (two species, including Nitzschia closterium and Chlorococcales sp.); and higher plants (one species, Lemna gibba). In addition, one long-term study in insects (Chironomus riparius) reviewed but was excluded from the distribution because the highest test concentration showed no effect.
- Dose descriptor:
- other: chronic HC5
- Effect conc.:
- 2 µg/L
- Conc. based on:
- labile/free
- Remarks:
- free cyanide
- Basis for effect:
- other: various effect endpoints
- Remarks on result:
- other: 90% confidence interval: 0.9 to 3.3 µg/l
- Details on results:
- Data from a range of multiple long-term aquatic toxicity studies for a range of freshwater and marine fish, invertebrate, algal and vascular plant species were pooled into a species sensitivity distribution (SSD). The SSD for the combination of freshwater and marine fish, invertebrate, algal and vascular plant species resulted in a HC5 of 2.0 µg/l (90% confidence interval from 0.9 to 3.3 µg/l). The HC5 value is based on free cyanide.
- Conclusions:
- The chronic toxicity of cyanides to aquatic organisms was determined from a species sensitivity distribution on 13 species (including eight freshwater and five marine species) from five major taxonomic groups. The chronic HC5 for both freshwater and marine species was determined to be 2.0 ug/L.
Reference
Description of key information
The chronic toxicity of cyanides to aquatic organisms was determined from a species sensitivity distribution on 13 species (including eight freshwater and five marine species) from five major taxonomic groups. The chronic HC5 for both freshwater and marine species was determined to be 2.0 ug/L.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Additional information
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
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