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Please be aware that this old REACH registration data factsheet is no longer maintained; it remains frozen as of 19th May 2023.
The new ECHA CHEM database has been released by ECHA, and it now contains all REACH registration data. There are more details on the transition of ECHA's published data to ECHA CHEM here.
Diss Factsheets
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EC number: 214-222-2 | CAS number: 1115-20-4
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicological Summary
- Administrative data
- Workers - Hazard via inhalation route
- Workers - Hazard via dermal route
- Workers - Hazard for the eyes
- Additional information - workers
- General Population - Hazard via inhalation route
- General Population - Hazard via dermal route
- General Population - Hazard via oral route
- General Population - Hazard for the eyes
- Additional information - General Population
Administrative data
Workers - Hazard via inhalation route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 10.45 mg/m³
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 25
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEC
- Value:
- 261.7 mg/m³
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
- oral NOAEL / [sRV * time] *ABS(oral)/ABS(inhal) * no/light work = 300 mg/kg bw/d / [0.8 L/min/kg bw rat * 8*60 min] * 50%/100% * 6.7m3/10m3 = 300 /0.384 *1/2 *0.67 mg/m3
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- NOAEL of a GLP, OECD408 study with 3 doses
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 2
- Justification:
- Subchronic to chronic
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 1
- Justification:
- see route to route extrapolation
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 2.5
- Justification:
- default
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 5
- Justification:
- default for worker
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- hazard unknown (no further information necessary)
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
Workers - Hazard via dermal route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 6 mg/kg bw/day
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 100
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 600 mg/kg bw/day
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
- oral NOAEL * 1/1 *ABS(oral)/ABS(derm) = 300 mg/kg bw/d *1 *100%/50% = 300 *1 *2 mg/kg bw/d
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- NOAEL of a GLP, OECD408 study with 3 doses
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 2
- Justification:
- Subchronic to chronic
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 4
- Justification:
- Extrapolation systemic effects rat to human
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 2.5
- Justification:
- default
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 5
- Justification:
- default worker
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- hazard unknown (no further information necessary)
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Workers - Hazard for the eyes
Local effects
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- medium hazard (no threshold derived)
Additional information - workers
Acute exposure - systemic effects
It is not necessary to derive a DNEL for acute effects based on the available data. In an acute oral study (BASF AG, 1974) the LD50 (rat) was 8000 mg/kg bw. There is no relevant risk to be expected from inhalative exposure since the inhalation hazard toxicity test (BASF 1974) showed no effects.
Acute exposure - local effects
HPN is classified as "Risk of serious damage to eyes" (R41). A test was performed (as the guideline prescribes) with undiluted test substance. Therefore, this test does not provide dose-response data that could be used for the derivation of a DNEL.
It is not possible to derive a DNEL based on the available data. According to the REACH guidance on information requirements and chemical safety assessment, Part E: Risk Characterisation, a qualitative risk characterisation should be performed for this endpoint. In order to guarantee "adequately control of risks", it is necessary to stipulate risk management measures that prevent eye exposure.
Long-term exposure - systemic effects
The DNELs for inhalation and dermal long term exposure are derived from the subchronic oral NOAEL, which was obtained from an OECD 408 study (BASF SE, 2013). At 1000 mg/kg bw/day transient, treatment-related adverse findings were observed: head shaking, unsteady gate, semiclosed or closed eyes, poor general condition, adominal position, twitching, atonia splayed limbs, labored and intermitted respiration; therefore the NOAEL is 300 mg/kg bw/day.
General Population - Hazard via inhalation route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 2.61 mg/m³
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 50
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEC
- Value:
- 130.4 mg/m³
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
- oral NOAEL / [sRV * time] *ABS(oral)/ABS(inhal) = 300 mg/kg bw/d / [0.8 L/min/kg bw rat * 24*60 min] * 50%/100% = 300 /1.15 /2 mg/m3
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- NOAEL of a GLP, OECD408 study with 3 doses
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 2
- Justification:
- Subchronic to chronic
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 1
- Justification:
- No interspecies extrapolation for inhalation, see route to route
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 2.5
- Justification:
- default
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 10
- Justification:
- default for general population
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- hazard unknown (no further information necessary)
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
General Population - Hazard via dermal route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 3 mg/kg bw/day
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 200
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 600 mg/kg bw/day
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
- oral NOAEL * 1/1 *ABS(oral)/ABS(derm) = 300 mg/kg bw/d *1 *100%/50% = 300 *1 *2 mg/kg bw/d
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- NOAEL of a GLP, OECD408 study with 3 doses
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 2
- Justification:
- Subchronic to chronic
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 4
- Justification:
- rat to human
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 2.5
- Justification:
- default
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 10
- Justification:
- default general population
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- hazard unknown (no further information necessary)
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
General Population - Hazard via oral route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 1.5 mg/kg bw/day
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 200
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 300 mg/kg bw/day
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
- no extrapolation
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- NOAEL of a GLP, OECD408 study with 3 doses
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 2
- Justification:
- Subchronic to chronic
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 4
- Justification:
- Rat to human
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 2.5
- Justification:
- default
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 10
- Justification:
- default general population
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
General Population - Hazard for the eyes
Local effects
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- medium hazard (no threshold derived)
Additional information - General Population
Acute exposure - systemic effects
Same considerations as for the worker.
Acute exposure - local effects
Same considerations as for the worker.
Long term exposure - systemic effects
The DNELs for inhalation and dermal long term exposure are derived from the subchronic oral NOAEL, which was obtained from a OECD 408 study (BASF SE; 2013). At 1000 mg/kg bw/day transient, treatment-related adverse findings were observed: head shaking, unsteady gate, semiclosed or closed eyes, poor general condition, abdominal position, twitching, atonia splayed limbs, labored and intermitted respiration; therefore the NOAEL is 300 mg/kg bw/day.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
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