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EC number: 202-448-4 | CAS number: 95-76-1
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Immunotoxicity
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- immunotoxicity
- Remarks:
- acute
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- other information
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: acceptable, well documented publication which meets basic scientific principles
Data source
Referenceopen allclose all
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Comparison of the immunotoxicity of propanil and its metabolite, 3,4-dichloroaniline, in C57BI/6 mice
- Author:
- Barnett, JB et al.
- Year:
- 1 992
- Bibliographic source:
- Fundamental and applied toxicology, 18: 628-631
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Effect of acute propanil exposure on the immunresponse of C57Bl/6 mice
- Author:
- Barnett, JB and Gandy, J
- Year:
- 1 989
- Bibliographic source:
- fundamental and applied toxicology 12: 757-764
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- no guideline followed
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- 7 to 12 weeks old female C57Bl/6 mice were treated with 0, 37, 75 or 150 mg/ kg bw 3,4-dichloroaniline via i.p. injection on day 0 and were subjected to a number of immunological assessments on day 7. Spleen cells were prepared and Leukocytes counted, T cell-dependent antibody response was determined after immunizing treated animals by i.v. injection with 200 Million sheep erythrocytes (day 3), T cell-independent antibody response after injection of 20 µg of DNP-Ficoll (Barnett and Gandy, 1989), Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte assay and the natural killer cell assay were performed.
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- 3,4-dichloroaniline
- EC Number:
- 202-448-4
- EC Name:
- 3,4-dichloroaniline
- Cas Number:
- 95-76-1
- Molecular formula:
- C6H5Cl2N
- IUPAC Name:
- 3,4-dichloroaniline
- Details on test material:
- - Name of test material (as cited in study report): 3,4-dichloroaniline
- Analytical purity: 97 %
Constituent 1
Test animals
- Species:
- mouse
- Strain:
- C57BL
- Sex:
- female
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- TEST ANIMALS
- Source: Charles River Farms (Willmington, MA)
- Age at study initiation: 7 to 12 weeks
- Diet: ad libitum
- Water: ad libitum
- Acclimation period: 7 days prior to experiment
Administration / exposure
- Route of administration:
- intraperitoneal
- Vehicle:
- maize oil
- Details on exposure:
- i.p. exposure on day 0
- Analytical verification of doses or concentrations:
- not specified
- Details on analytical verification of doses or concentrations:
- no data
- Duration of treatment / exposure:
- single i.p. injection on day 0, mice sacrificed on day 7
- Frequency of treatment:
- single treatment
Doses / concentrationsopen allclose all
- Remarks:
- Doses / Concentrations:
0
Basis:
nominal conc.
mg /kg bw
- Remarks:
- Doses / Concentrations:
37
Basis:
nominal conc.
mg /kg bw
- Remarks:
- Doses / Concentrations:
75
Basis:
nominal conc.
mg /kg bw
- Remarks:
- Doses / Concentrations:
150
Basis:
nominal conc.
mg /kg bw
- No. of animals per sex per dose:
- 4 to 6 animals per dose, all female
- Control animals:
- yes, concurrent vehicle
Examinations
- Observations and clinical examinations performed and frequency:
- no data
- Sacrifice and pathology:
- GROSS PATHOLOGY: No data
HISTOPATHOLOGY: No data - Cell viabilities:
- SPLEEN: Yes
- Method: single-cell suspensions of spleen cells were prepared from individual animals as described by Barnett and Gandy (1989), counted electronically using a Coulter Model ZF cell counter, Viability was checked routinely by trypan blue exclusion
- Dose groups (including vehicle control): 3 (anti-DNP PFC) or 4 (NK activity)
- No. of animals (including vehicle control): 6 (anti-DNP PFC) or 4 (NK-activity) - Humoral immunity examinations:
- ANTIBODY PLAQUE FORMING CELLS (PFC) ASSAY: Yes
Assay: T cell-dependent and T cell-independent, Immunisation of treated mice with either sheep erythrocytes or DNP-Ficoll, respectively
- Method: standard agarose hemolytic plaque assay (Barnett and Gandy, 1989)
- Dose groups: 0, 37 or 150 mg/ kg bw
- No. of animals: 6 - Specific cell-mediated immunity:
- CYTOTOXIC T-LYMPHOCYTE (CTL) ASSAY: Yes
- Method: Brunner et al. (1979), P815 tumor cells were utilized as the sensitizing and target call for these assays
- Dose groups: no data
- No. of animals: no data
- Non-specific cell-mediated immunity:
- NATURAL KILLER (NK) CELL ACTIVITY: Yes
- Method: spleen cell suspensions were prepared, YAC-1 lymphoma cells (target of NK-cells) were labeled with 51Cr. Effector cells (spleen cells) were added in triplicate at effector: target ratios of 25:1, 50:1 or 100:1 ; positive (0.1 % Triton X-100) and negative (medium) controls with only labeled YAc-1 cells were included.
- Dose groups: 0, 37, 75, 150 mg/ kg bw
- No. of animals: 4 per group - Other examinations:
- no data
- Positive control:
- no data
- Statistics:
- no data
Results and discussion
Results of examinations
- Clinical signs:
- not specified
- Mortality:
- not specified
- Body weight and weight changes:
- not specified
- Food consumption and compound intake (if feeding study):
- not specified
- Food efficiency:
- not specified
- Water consumption and compound intake (if drinking water study):
- not specified
- Ophthalmological findings:
- not specified
- Haematological findings:
- not specified
- Clinical biochemistry findings:
- not specified
- Urinalysis findings:
- not specified
- Gross pathological findings:
- not specified
- Details on results:
- see remarks on results
Specific immunotoxic examinations
- Cell viabilities:
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Humoral immunity examinations:
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Specific cell-mediated immunity:
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Non-specific cell-mediated immunity:
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Other functional activity assays:
- not specified
- Other findings:
- not specified
Effect levels
- Dose descriptor:
- NOAEL
- Sex:
- female
- Remarks on result:
- not determinable
- Remarks:
- no NOAEL identified
Any other information on results incl. tables
Relative spleen weight and leukocyte count (=leukocytosis) increased significantly (compared to vehicle control) at highest dose (150 mg/ kg). On the other hand T cell-dependent and T cell-independent humoral immune response significantly decreased in the 150 mg/ kg bw group. A dose-dependent reduction in natural killer cell activiy was observed whereas an influence of DCA on the cytotoxic T lymphocytes was not evident.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Executive summary:
Barnett, JB et al., (1992), Fundamental and applied toxicology, 18: 628-631
7 to 12 weeks old female C57Bl/6 mice were treated with 0, 37, 75 or 150 mg/ kg bw 3,4-dichloroaniline via i.p. injection on day 0 and were subjected to a number of immunological assessments on day 7. Spleen cells were prepared and Leukocytes counted, T cell-dependent antibody response was determined after immunizing treated animals by i.v. injection with 200 million sheep erythrocytes (day 3), T cell-independent antibody response after injection of 20 µg o DNP-Ficoll (Barnett and Gandy, 1989), Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte assay and the natural killer cell assay were performed. Relative spleen weight and leukocyte count (=leukocytosis) increased significantly (compared to vehicle control) at highest dose (150 mg/ kg). On the other hand T cell-dependent and T cell-independent humoral immune response significantly decreased in the 150 mg/ kg bw group. A dose-dependent reduction in natural killer cell activiy was observed whereas an influence of DCA on the cytotoxic T lymphocytes was not evident.
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