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EC number: 206-074-2 | CAS number: 299-27-4
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Direct observations: clinical cases, poisoning incidents and other
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- direct observations: clinical cases, poisoning incidents and other
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: No OECD guideline available with which to compare the study design. Study design should have consisted of a complete cross-over with washout period where each subject serves as their own control. Sufficient reporting of results.
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- POTASSIUM RELOAD DURING DIURETIC TREATMENTS WITH A GLUCONATE SYRUP
- Author:
- Francois G
- Bibliographic source:
- 69:2127-2129
Materials and methods
- Study type:
- study with volunteers
- Endpoint addressed:
- not applicable
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- no guideline available
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- For 6 months, the authors systematically recharged patients with potassium glyconate in syrup. All were subjected to a regime without hospital salt which on an average of 24 h contained 40 mEq of potassium, an average quantity established for one week, taking into account loss of nutrition due to cooking.
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Remarks:
- Not applicable
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Potassium gluconate
- EC Number:
- 206-074-2
- EC Name:
- Potassium gluconate
- Cas Number:
- 299-27-4
- Molecular formula:
- C6H12O7.K
- IUPAC Name:
- potassium (2R,3S,4R,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanoate
- Details on test material:
- - Name of test material (as cited in study report): Potassium gluconate syrup, potassium salt.
Constituent 1
Method
- Subjects:
- - Number of subjects exposed: 10.
- Sex: Male and female (3 women; 6 men; 1 not specified).
- Age: 56 - 76 years of age (men); 43 - 70 years of age (women); 54 years of age (sex of the subject not specified).
- Known diseases: Patients suffering from cardiac insufficiency subjected to different saluretics. - Route of exposure:
- other: Test substance was provided orally or via injection to vein (number of subjects per route not specified).
- Reason of exposure:
- intentional
- Exposure assessment:
- measured
Results and discussion
- Clinical signs:
- The test substance was remarkably tolerated. The patients never had digestive intolerance, which is appreciable for a potassium therapy applied per os. Moreover, the patients never had surcharge accidents, nor had any metabolic troubles at all. The doses varied between 3 to 6 soup spoons per day, which represents a potassium contribution of 28 to 56 mEq. The patients started the therapy several days after the start of diuretic treatment thus preventing an overload accident in the case of marked oliguria. The contribution must have been daily even when the diuretics were given in a discontinuous manner. The pursuit of the treatment was judged on the determination of urinary potassium. When the latter correspond to the ingesta, the potassium therapy must be interrupted at the same time as the diuretic. On the other hand, if the kaliuria is clearly lower than the intakes, it is necessary to continue the contribution of gluconate after the saluretic treatment is stopped until equilibration of the balance is achieved. The effectiveness of the gluconate was made evident by the last observations (9 and 10) which concern clinically evident hypokalemias, spectacularly improved after several days of treatment.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
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