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EC number: 938-828-8 | CAS number: 1463474-95-4
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Adsorption / desorption
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- adsorption / desorption, other
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 2020-02-10 to 2020-03-13
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study with acceptable restrictions
- Remarks:
- The number of soils which were used deviates from the recommendation in the guideline as three soils were used instead of the recommended five soils. The Freundlich isotherm was not determined and the adsorption behavior was investigated based on two different test item concentrations. The desorption behavior was investigated.
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 106 (Adsorption - Desorption Using a Batch Equilibrium Method)
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- Details are given below under "Principles of method if other than guideline"
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: Council Regulation (EC) No. 440/2008, Method C.18 (2008)
- Deviations:
- no
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- The number of soils which were used deviates from the test guideline recommendation in the guideline as three soils were used instead of the recommended five soils. Considering the low expected sorption, the Freundlich isotherm was not determined and the adsorption behavior was investigated based on two different test item concentrations. The desorption behavior was investigated.
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Type of method:
- batch equilibrium method
- Media:
- soil
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- Test item: HBED-Fe
CAS-No: 1463474-95-4
Batch number: FC-C 11140
Active substance: Reaction product of phenol, formaldehyde, ethylenediamine diacetic acid, iron chloride and metal hydroxide
Purity: 96.6% (UVCB)
Appearance: Dark red-brown microgranules (solid)
Stability under test: Stable
conditions
Expiry date: 2022-08-31
Recommended storage: Keep in a dry place. Store at room temperature in the original container. Keep container tightly closed. - Radiolabelling:
- no
- Test temperature:
- Nominal: 20 - 25 °C
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- Test Procedure
The study was performed in accordance to OECD-Guideline for Testing of Chemicals No. 106 (2000) and Council Regulation (EC) No. 440/2008, C.18 (2008).
Test vessels
50 mL and 225 mL polypropylene centrifugation tubes
Concentration for adsorption experiments
K1: 0.5 mg/L
K2: 5.0 mg/L
Stock solutions
A stock solution of 1000 mg/L of HBED-Fe in ultrapure water was prepared.
Preparation of the soil samples (conditioning)
The soils were weighed into the test vessels and an appropriate volume of 0.01 M CaCl2-solution was added.
After agitation overnight (12 h minimum), the samples were used for adsorption experiments.
Preparation of the samples for adsorption experiments
The soil samples were conditioned as described above. Max 0.5 volume-% of the stock solutions, related to the volume experiments of the aqueous phase in the soil suspensions were added in order to obtain the intended test concentrations. Afterwards, the samples were agitated.
Preparation of the samples for desorption experiments
Samples at adsorption equilibrium were used for this purpose. The test vessels were centrifuged after completion of the adsorption experiments, weighed to quantify the amount of entrained water in the solid phase and the supernatant was replaced by fresh 0.01 M CaCl2-solution. Then, the test vessels were agitated again to investigate the desorption behaviour of the test item at one sampling point (24 hours).
Samples for analysis
The soil suspensions were centrifuged after agitation at 4000 rpm to separate the phases, followed by analysing the concentration of the test item in aqueous phase by LC-MS/MS. Test vessel adsorption was determined in test item control samples. For analysis of the soil, the aqueous phase was decanted and the soil was extracted. Extracts were also analysed by LC-MS/MS.
Replicates
Duplicates
CONTROLS
CaCl2-solution was conditioned as described above, followed by separation of the aqueous phase by centrifugation at 4000 rpm . Then the aqueous phase was fortified acc. to the concentrations used for the test item samples of K1 to verify the stability of the test item in the aqueous phase under test conditions. The samples were agitated as long as the test item sample with the longest agitation period.
Replicates
Duplicates
BLANK
Blank samples were prepared for all soils as described for the test item samples but without fortification with the test item. The samples were agitated as long as the samples with the longest agitation period.
Replicates
Duplicates
Agitation
By horizontal and overhead shaker. Frequency was adjusted to avoid sedimentation of soil particles during treatment.
Sample Preparation
Dilution medium (DM A) 0.01 M CaCl2 solution conditioned with the respective soil (1:1) containing 10 mmol TbAOH and 2% formic acid
Dilution medium (DM) 0.01 M CaCl2 solution conditioned with the respective soil (1:1) containing 5 mmol TbAOH and 1% formic acid
Standards
A stock solution of 1000 mg test item/L in ultrapure water was prepared. The solution was diluted to 7 calibration standards in the range of 10 to 200 µg test item/L with DM.
Aqueous phase
After centrifugation with 4000 rpm for 5 min, an aliquot of each aqueous sample was stabilized by dilution with DM A (factor 2) and analysed. The samples were further diluted with DM. The samples were stored in the dark until analysis.
Soil extraction
The wet soil was used for extraction after decantation of the aqueous phase. The soil was extracted at room temperature. 3 mL methanol : ultrapure water (50 : 50 v/v) were added to the wet soil. The vessel was shaken for 45 min. The suspensions were centrifuged at 4000 rpm for 5 min. The extraction was repeated twice. The samples were stored in the dark during extraction and until analysis. The extracts were transferred quantitatively into a 10 mL measuring flask and filled up with methanol : water (50 : 50 v/v). For analysis the samples had to be filtered and diluted. The first dilution step was factor 2 with DM A. The samples were further diluted with DM, if necessary. - Matrix no.:
- #1
- Matrix type:
- loamy sand
- % Clay:
- 8.5
- % Silt:
- 11.3
- % Sand:
- 80.2
- % Org. carbon:
- 1.47
- pH:
- 5.4
- CEC:
- 7.6 other: mval/100 g
- Matrix no.:
- #2
- Matrix type:
- other: silty sand
- % Clay:
- 8.6
- % Silt:
- 29.3
- % Sand:
- 62.1
- % Org. carbon:
- 0.412
- pH:
- 5.9
- CEC:
- 4.9 other: mval/100 g
- Matrix no.:
- #3
- Matrix type:
- clay loam
- % Clay:
- 23.3
- % Silt:
- 38.6
- % Sand:
- 38.1
- % Org. carbon:
- 1.85
- pH:
- 7.4
- CEC:
- 22 other: mval/100 g
- Details on matrix:
- Reason for the selection
These matrices are suitable for the conduction of the study because all parameters with impact on the adsorption / desorption behavior of a chemical substance were considered.
Origin of soils
Landwirtschaftliche Untersuchungs- und Forschungsanstalt LUFA Speyer, Obere Langgasse 40, 67346 Speyer, Germany
Storage at test facility
Room temperature, in closed containers - Details on test conditions:
- CaCl2-solution:
Ultrapure water was used to prepare the CaCl2-solution (0.01 M).
Soil / Solution ratio
1:2 (only Lufa 2.2), 1:1
Sampling points
0h, 5h, 24h, 29h and 48h
Agitation
By horizontal shaker. Frequency was adjusted to avoid sedimentation of soil particles during treatment.
Test temperature
The temperature was mainly in the range of 20 to 21 °C during the course of the study. The temperature dropped occasionally down to 19 °C. - Key result
- Sample No.:
- #1
- Type:
- Kd
- Value:
- 0.3 L/kg
- Temp.:
- 20 °C
- Matrix:
- LUFA 2.2 soil/solution ratio 1:1 0.5 mg/L
- % Org. carbon:
- 1.47
- Key result
- Sample No.:
- #1
- Type:
- Koc
- Value:
- 20 L/kg
- Temp.:
- 20 °C
- Matrix:
- LUFA 2.2 soil/solution ratio 1:1 0.5 mg/L
- % Org. carbon:
- 1.47
- Key result
- Sample No.:
- #2
- Type:
- Kd
- Value:
- 0.076 L/kg
- Temp.:
- 20 °C
- Matrix:
- LUFA 2.3 soil/solution ratio 1:1 0.5 mg/L
- % Org. carbon:
- 0.412
- Key result
- Sample No.:
- #2
- Type:
- Koc
- Value:
- 18 L/kg
- Temp.:
- 20 °C
- Matrix:
- LUFA 2.3 soil/solution ratio 1:1 0.5 mg/L
- % Org. carbon:
- 0.412
- Key result
- Sample No.:
- #3
- Type:
- Kd
- Value:
- 0.26 L/kg
- Temp.:
- 20 °C
- Matrix:
- LUFA 2.4 soil/solution ratio 1:1 0.5 mg/L
- % Org. carbon:
- 1.85
- Key result
- Sample No.:
- #3
- Type:
- Koc
- Value:
- 14 L/kg
- Temp.:
- 20 °C
- Matrix:
- LUFA 2.4 soil/solution ratio 1:1 0.5 mg/L
- % Org. carbon:
- 1.85
- Key result
- Sample No.:
- #1
- Type:
- Kd
- Value:
- 0.2 L/kg
- pH:
- 6.8
- Temp.:
- 20 °C
- Matrix:
- LUFA 2.2 soil/solution ratio 1:1 5 mg/L
- % Org. carbon:
- 1.47
- Key result
- Sample No.:
- #1
- Type:
- Koc
- Value:
- 14 L/kg
- pH:
- 6.8
- Temp.:
- 20 °C
- Matrix:
- LUFA 2.2 soil/solution ratio 1:1 5 mg/L
- % Org. carbon:
- 1.47
- Key result
- Sample No.:
- #2
- Type:
- Kd
- Value:
- 0.067 L/kg
- pH:
- 7.2
- Temp.:
- 20 °C
- Matrix:
- LUFA 2.3 soil/solution ratio 1:1 5 mg/L
- % Org. carbon:
- 0.412
- Key result
- Sample No.:
- #2
- Type:
- Koc
- Value:
- 16 L/kg
- pH:
- 7.2
- Temp.:
- 20 °C
- Matrix:
- LUFA 2.3 soil/solution ratio 1:1 5 mg/L
- % Org. carbon:
- 0.412
- Remarks on result:
- other: The Koc is included only for comparison reasons. HBED is anionic and sorption data should therefore not be normalized to the organic carbon content
- Key result
- Sample No.:
- #3
- Type:
- Kd
- Value:
- 0.19 L/kg
- pH:
- 7.5
- Temp.:
- 20 °C
- Matrix:
- LUFA 2.4 soil/solution ratio 1:1 5 mg/L
- % Org. carbon:
- 1.85
- Key result
- Sample No.:
- #3
- Type:
- Koc
- Value:
- 10 L/kg
- pH:
- 7.5
- Temp.:
- 20 °C
- Matrix:
- LUFA 2.4 soil/solution ratio 1:1 5 mg/L
- % Org. carbon:
- 1.85
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- The test material is concluded to have high mobility in soils.
- Executive summary:
Summary
General Information
The adsorption / desorption behavior of the test item HBED-Fe (batch no.FC-C11140) was investigated in three different soils in a refined study setup according to OECD guideline 106 and Council Regulation (EC) No. 440/2008, C.18 from 2020-02-10 to 2020-03-13 at Noack Laboratorien GmbH, 31157 Sarstedt, Germany. Relevant properties of the used soils are given in the table below. Distribution coefficients Kd and organic carbon normalized distribution coefficients KOC were determined with two concentrations. Furthermore, investigations about the desorption behavior were performed. The test item was analysed by LC-MS/MS and the analytical method was validated for the aqueous phase.
Relevant Characteristics of Test Matrices
Soils
LUFA 2.2
LUFA 2.3
LUFA 2.4
batch
F2.2 4016
F2.3 4116
F2.4 2617
Soil Type1)
Loamy sand
Silty sand
Clayey loam
pH (0.01 M CaCl2)3)
5.4
5.9
7.4
Organic Carbon [%]2)
1.47
0.412
1.85
Clay (<0.002 mm) [%]2)
8.5
8.6
23.3
Silt (0.002-0.063 mm) [%]2)
11.3
29.3
38.6
Sand (0.063-2 mm) [%]2)
80.2
62.1
38.1
Cation Exchange Capacity [mval/100g]2)
7.6
4.9
22
1)according to German DIN
2)determined at Agrolab Agrar und Umwelt GmbH (non-GLP)
3) Analyses data sheet provided by LUFA
Results
Experiments for adsorption kinetics and desorption were conducted with nominal test item concentrations of 0.5 mg test item/L (K1) and 5 mg test item/L (K2). Though the highest feasible soil / solution ratio of 1:1 was used, only low adsorption (from 4 to 38%) of the test item to soil was observed after 24 hours (only Lufa 2.4) and 48 hours (LUFA 2.2 and LUFA 2.3). The distribution coefficients Kd (indirect) ranged from 0.067 mL/g to 0.30 mL/g and the corresponding organic carbon normalized distribution coefficients KOC from 10 mL/g to 20 mL/g. These results indicate that the test item has a very high mobility in all soils. Results for Kd and KOC are given in the table below for the indirect method, calculated from measured concentrations in the aqueous phase, for all tested soils and concentrations. As Kd is below 0.3 mL/g, the endpoints were also calculated from measured concentrations in aqueous and solid phase (direct method). Regarding K2 in LUFA 2.3 and LUFA 2.4,‘negative adsorption’ was calculated, since amounts of test item measured after soil extraction were very low and lower than the calculated amount of test item in the pore water. Therefore, results obtained by using the indirect method should be considered to evaluate the adsorption behavior.
Summarized Endpoints forHBED-Fe
Mobility according to McCall et al. (1980): KOC 0 – 50 very high, KOC 50 – 150 high, KOC 150 – 500 medium, KOC 500 – 2000 low, KOC 2000 – 5000 slight, KOC > 5000 immobile; calculations with the results of the indirect and direct method
indirect method
direct method
Kd[mL/g]
KOC[mL/g]
Mass Balance [%]
Mobility according to McCall et al.
Kdes[mL/g]
Kd[mL/g]
KOC[mL/g]
Mobility according to McCall et al.
K1= 0.5 mg/L
LUFA 2.2
0.30
20
100
very high
-1)
0.29
20
very high
LUFA 2.3
00.076
18
105
very high
-1)
0.14
33
very high
LUFA 2.4
0.26
14
94
very high
4.1
0.17
09
very high
K2= 5 mg/L
LUFA 2.2
0.20
14
85
very high
-1)
0.014
1
very high
LUFA 2.3
00.067
16
93
very high
5.1
-1)
-1)
very high
LUFA 2.4
0.19
10
85
very high
9.9
-1)
-1)
very high
1) not applicable
During experiments, test item control samples (the test item dissolved in the respective soil-conditioned 0.01 M CaCl2) showed that the test item is stable in the aqueous phase and no indication for adsorption to the test vessel takes place.
The parental mass balance for the test item was determined after an equilibration time of 24 hours (only Lufa 2.4) and 48 hours (LUFA 2.2 and LUFA 2.3) and was calculated by taking into account the test item recovery in the aqueous phase, the soil and residual test item in pore water. A mass balance in the range of 85 to 105% was determined.
The desorption behavior of the test item was determined after 48 h equilibration. The test item shows a very low adsorption to soils and a high mobility. For LUFA 2.2 and LUFA 2.3 K1, no desorption was observed. For LUFA 2.3 and LUFA 2.4,Kdes was in the range of 4.1 mL/g to 11 mL/g. As Kdes is higher than Kd, if desorption was determined, the adsorption is assumed to be not completely reversible.
A low fraction of the test item adsorbed to soil and thus only low amounts of the test item were measured in the desorption experiments. Therefore, high standard deviations were observed in the desorption experiments.
The determined low adsorption after 24 h and 48 h, respectively, using the highest technically feasible soil / solution ratio of 1:1 confirmed the refined study setup.
Reference
Results
The following table gives an overview on the obtained results of the study.
Overview on the Results
Parameter |
Result |
Determination of soil / solution ratios with the aim to obtain at least an adsorption of > 20% |
Adsorption partly below 20% |
Time to reach adsorption equilibrium |
48 h for LUFA 2.2 and LUFA 2.3; 24 h for LUFA 2.4 |
Adsorption to the test vessel |
No adsorption observed |
Investigation of stability (parental massbalance) |
Substance was stable |
Desorption behavior |
low (as adsorption is very low) |
Adsorption and Stability in the Test System
Lufa 2.2 soil was used for the first experiment for preliminary investigations on the adsorption behavior of the test item with a soil / solution ratio of 1:2 at both concentrations (K1 and K2). Samples of the aqueous phase were taken after 0h, 5h, 24h, 29h and 48h agitation. Because of the low adsorption (see table below), further experiments were conducted with a soil / solution ratio of 1:1.
Adsorption Experiments Lufa 2.2, soil / solution ratio of 1:2
n = 2
Applied concentration, test item [mg/L]1) |
Sampling point [h] |
Adsorption |
0.478 |
0 |
13 |
5 |
13 |
|
24 |
15 |
|
29 |
14 |
|
48 |
15 |
|
4.78 |
0 |
6 |
5 |
6 |
|
24 |
7 |
|
29 |
7 |
|
48 |
7 |
1) = purity of the test item and weighing factor taken into account
Lufa 2.2, Lufa 2.3 and Lufa 2.4 with a soil / solution ratio of 1:1 at both concentrations (K1 and K2) were used for further investigations on the adsorption behavior of the test item. With regard to the amount of overlaying aqueous phase and to avoid sedimentation, 1:1 is the highest technically feasible soil / solution ratio for the used soils. Although this ratio was used, the adsorption was very low. The adsorption equilibrium was reached for all soils after 24 h. The following tables show the results, the adsorption is calculated based on measured concentrations in the aqueous phase.
Adsorption Experiments Lufa 2.2, soil / solution ratio of 1:1
n = 2
Applied concentration, test item [mg/L]1) |
Sampling point [h] |
Adsorption |
0.478 |
0 |
3 |
5 |
0 |
|
24 |
12 |
|
29 |
7 |
|
48 |
4 |
|
4.78 |
0 |
10 |
5 |
16 |
|
24 |
13 |
|
29 |
12 |
|
48 |
15 |
1) = purity of the test item and weighing factor taken into account
Adsorption Experiments Lufa 2.3, soil / solution ratio of 1:1
n = 2
Applied concentration, test item [mg/L]1) |
Sampling point [h] |
Adsorption |
0.478 |
0 |
-2 |
5 |
3 |
|
24 |
2 |
|
29 |
-1 |
|
48 |
12 |
|
4.78 |
0 |
-2 |
5 |
0 |
|
24 |
2 |
|
29 |
2 |
|
48 |
19 |
1) = purity of the test item and weighing factor taken into account
Adsorption Experiments Lufa 2.4, soil / solution ratio of 1:1
n = 2
Applied concentration, test item [mg/L]1) |
Sampling point [h] |
Adsorption |
0.478 |
0 |
15 |
5 |
21 |
|
24 |
13 |
|
29 |
13 |
|
48 |
38 |
|
4.78 |
0 |
10 |
5 |
22 |
|
24 |
4 |
|
29 |
-2 |
|
48 |
31 |
1) = purity of the test item and weighing factor taken into account
The distribution coefficients Kd (indirect) ranged from 0.067 mL/g to 0.30 mL/g and the corresponding organic carbon normalized distribution coefficients KOC from 10 mL/g to 20 mL/g. Results for Kd and KOC are given in the table below for the indirect method, calculated from measured concentrations in the aqueous phase, for all tested soils and concentrations. As Kd is below 0.3 mL/g, the endpoints were also calculated from measured concentrations in aqueous and solid phase (direct method). Regarding K2 in LUFA 2.3 and LUFA 2.4, ‘negative adsorption’ was calculated, since amounts of test item measured after soil extraction were very low and lower than the calculated remaining amount of test item in the pore water. Therefore, results obtained by using the indirect method should be considered to evaluate the adsorption behavior.
Endpoints forHBED-Fe
|
indirect method |
direct method |
||
|
Kd [mL/g] |
KOC [mL/g] |
Kd [mL/g] |
KOC [mL/g] |
K1 = 0.5 mg/L |
||||
LUFA 2.2 |
0.30 |
20 |
0.29 |
20 |
LUFA 2.3 |
00.076 |
18 |
0.14 |
33 |
LUFA 2.4 |
0.26 |
14 |
0.17 |
09 |
K2 = 5 mg/L |
||||
LUFA 2.2 |
0.20 |
14 |
0.014 |
1 |
LUFA 2.3 |
00.067 |
16 |
-1) |
-1) |
LUFA 2.4 |
0.19 |
10 |
-1) |
-1) |
1) not applicable
During experiments, test item control samples (the test item dissolved in the respective soil-conditioned 0.01 M CaCl2) showed that the test item is stable in the aqueous phase and after 48h there was no indication of adsorption to the test vessel. As the recovery rate was below 90% for LUFA soil 2.4, the adsorption and the mass balance were determined after 24 h.
Test Item Control Samples
applied test item concentration1): 0.478 mg/L, n = 2
Soil |
Soil : Solution Ratio |
Sampling point [h] |
Recovery [%] |
Lufa 2.2 |
1:2 |
0 |
92 |
48 |
99 |
||
1:1 |
0 |
99 |
|
48 |
100 |
||
Lufa 2.3 |
1:1 |
0 |
101 |
48 |
97 |
||
Lufa 2.4 |
1:1 |
0 |
100 |
48 |
84 |
||
0 |
93 |
||
24 |
104 |
1) = purity of the test item and weighing factor taken into account
Extraction from Soil / fresh Spikes
Various solvents have been tested (non-GLP) on freshly spiked Lufa 2.2 soil with a soil / solution ratio of 1:2. The best results were obtained with methanol / ultrapure water 50 / 50 without containing any chemical additives. Loss due to sorption to the filter was tested by filtering of one calibration standard (recovery rate 92%: acceptable). A blank soil extract was spiked with different concentrations of test item and diluted with the respective extraction medium at different ratios to evaluate if the impact of the co-extracted matrix components on the chemical analysis could be reduced. A summary of the tested extraction methods used is given in the following table.
Method Development Soil Extraction – Fresh Spikes
Lufa 2.2, soil / solution ratio 1:2, n = 2
Extraction method |
Filtration needed |
Applied test item |
Dilution factor for analysis |
Recovery rate [%] |
Methanol / ultrapure water 50 / 50 containing 5 mmol TbAOH and 1% formic acid 3 x 30 mL |
No |
47.8 µg |
10 |
81 |
Methanol / ultrapure water 50 / 50 3 x 30 mL |
Yes |
47.8 µg |
10 |
101 |
Methanol 3 x 30 mL |
No |
47.8 µg |
10 |
45 |
Methanol / ultrapure water 50 / 50 3 x 30 mL |
Yes |
47.8 µg/L |
1 |
58 |
95.6 µg/L |
2 |
79 |
||
239 µg/L |
5 |
95 |
||
478 µg/L |
10 |
112 |
||
Methanol / ultrapure water 50 / 50 3 x 3 mL |
Yes |
4.78 µg |
5 |
95 |
Mass Balance
Experiments concerning the mass balance were conducted with Lufa 2.2, Lufa 2.3 and Lufa 2.4 soils with both concentrations (K1 and K2). The resulting recoveries obtained are shown in the tables below. The test item is stable in the tested time range.
Adsorption and Mass Balance – Lufa 2.2
Soil / solution ratio: 1:1, n = 2
Applied concentration, test item [mg/L]1) |
Sampling Point [h] |
Recovery Aqueous Phase [%] |
Adsorption indirect |
Recovery Soil [%] |
Mass Balance |
0.478 |
48 |
78 |
22 |
21 |
100 |
4.78 |
84 |
16 |
1 |
85 |
1) = purity of the test item and weighing factor taken into account, adsorption calculated from determined concentrations in the aqueous phase (indirect method)
Adsorption and Mass Balance – Lufa 2.3
Soil / solution ratio: 1:1, n = 2
Applied concentration, test item [mg/L]1) |
Sampling Point [h] |
Recovery Aqueous Phase [%] |
Adsorption indirect |
Recovery Soil [%] |
Mass Balance |
0.478 |
48 |
93 |
7 |
12 |
105 |
4.78 |
94 |
6 |
-1 |
93 |
1) = purity of the test item and weighing factor taken into account, adsorption calculated from determined concentrations in the aqueous phase (indirect method)
Adsorption and Mass Balance – Lufa 2.4
Soil / solution ratio: 1:1, n = 2
Applied concentration, test item [mg/L]1) |
Sampling Point [h] |
Recovery Aqueous Phase [%] |
Adsorption indirect |
Recovery Soil [%] |
Mass Balance |
0.478 |
24 |
82 |
18 |
12 |
94 |
4.78 |
85 |
15 |
0 |
85 |
1) = purity of the test item and weighing factor taken into account, adsorption calculated from determined concentrations in the aqueous phase (indirect method)
Desorption
The desorption behavior of the test item was determined after 48 h adsorption. Details are shown in the table below. The test item shows very low adsorption to soils and consequently will have a high mobility. For LUFA 2.2 and LUFA 2.3 K1, no desorption was observed. For LUFA 2.3 and LUFA 2.4, Kdes was in the range of 4.8 mL/g to 11 mL/g.
A low fraction of the test item adsorbed to soil and only low amounts of the test item were measured in the desorption experiments. Therefore, high standard deviation was observed in the desorption experiments.
Desorption Experiments
Applied concentration, test item1): K1 = 0.478 mg/L, K2 = 4.78 mg/L
Applied amount, test item1): K1 = 4.78 µg, K2 = 47.8 µg
time to reach equilibrium 48 h
soil / solution ratio 1:1
n = 2; Vaq= 10 mL
Soil Type |
Conc. |
Rep |
msoil [g] |
mdesaq(eq) [µg] |
madss(eq) [µg] |
Desorption [%] |
Kdes [mL/g] |
LUFA 2.2 |
K1 |
I |
9.28 |
< LCL |
00.320 |
- |
- |
II |
00.443 |
||||||
K2 |
I |
9.37 |
|||||
II |
7.02 |
||||||
LUFA 2.3 |
K1 |
I |
9.61 |
-0.0644 |
00.142 |
- |
- |
II |
-0.0257 |
00.208 |
|||||
K2 |
I |
-1.40 |
02.33 |
- |
7.9 |
||
II |
2.58 |
7.82 |
33 |
||||
LUFA 2.4 |
K1 |
I |
8.87 |
0.254 |
1.52 |
17 |
4.8 |
II |
0.343 |
1.60 |
21 |
||||
K2 |
I |
1.51 |
13.7 |
11 |
11 |
||
II |
0.857 |
12.7 |
7 |
1) = purity of the test item and weighing factor taken into account
Conc. = concentration, see above
Rep = replicate number
- = could not be calculated, due to low measured concentrations
Description of key information
Based on different types of information (calculation, sorption study and stability in the presence of soil), it is concluded HBED-Fe has a low potential for adsorption and can be concluded to have high mobility in soil.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- Koc at 20 °C:
- 15.33
Other adsorption coefficients
- Type:
- log Kp (solids-water in soil)
- Value in L/kg:
- 0.067
- at the temperature of:
- 20 °C
Other adsorption coefficients
- Type:
- log Kp (solids-water in soil)
- Value in L/kg:
- 0.3
- at the temperature of:
- 20 °C
Additional information
Based on the calculated Koc value (Kow method, KocWIN, Zvinavashe 2013), it was already concluded that HBED-Fe has a low potential for adsorption, log Koc was estimated between -3.3 and - 4.6. This low predicted sorption potential was confirmed in a refined (3 soils instead of 5) OECD 106 study by Landsberg. In this study experiments for adsorption kinetics and desorption were conducted with nominal test item concentrations of 0.5 mg test item/L (K1) and 5 mg test item/L (K2).Though the highest feasible soil / solution ratio of 1:1 was used, only low adsorption (from 4 to 38%) of the test item to soil was observed after 24 hours (only Lufa 2.4) and 48 hours (LUFA 2.2 and LUFA 2.3). The distribution coefficients Kd (indirect) ranged from 0.067 mL/g to 0.30 mL/g and the corresponding organic carbon normalized distribution coefficients KOC from 10 mL/g to 20 mL/g (mean 15.33 mL/g). These results indicate that the test item has a very high mobility in all soils.
A non-guideline sorption study confirmed the limited adsorption for the structurally related UVCB EDDHMA-Fe when considering Ca-montmorillonite, peat and ferrihydrite as soil materials (low distribution coefficients, Hernandez-Apaolaza & Lucena, 2001). In this study, the influence of concentration, pH and type of isomer was also studied and proved of relevance to the sorption behavior. Full understanding of the adsorption of metal chelates by soils will always be impeded by the complexity of soil surfaces, continuing changes in chelate speciation and concurrent degradation of the chelating ligand.
Additionally, a stability study in water solution at different pH's and in the presence of three different suspended soils showed the stability of EDDHMA-Fe by measurement of Fe concentrations in solution (Bar-Yosef, 1985).
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