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Diss Factsheets
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EC number: 700-136-7 | CAS number: -
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- February 09-25, 2009
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Well documented study compliant with TG guideline and conducted under GLP in recognized contract research organization.
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 2 009
- Report date:
- 2009
Materials and methods
Test guidelineopen allclose all
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 202 (Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test)
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method C.2 (Acute Toxicity for Daphnia)
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- ISO 6341 (Water quality - Determination of the Inhibition of the Mobility of Daphnia magna Straus (Cladocera, Crustacea))
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
Test material
Reference
- Name:
- Unnamed
- Type:
- Constituent
Sampling and analysis
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- Test samples for analysis were taken from all test concentrations and the control according to the schedule below.
Frequency at t=0 h and t=48 h
Volume 2 ml from the approximate centre of the test vessels
Storage Samples were stored in a freezer until analysis.
At the end of the exposure period, the replicates were pooled at each concentration before sampling.
Test solutions
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION (especially for difficult test substances)
Preparation of test solutions started with a test solution of 100 mg/l (115.4 mg test substance was weighed in 1 litre of test medium; a correction factor of 1.16 was used to correct for water and minor impurities). The lower test concentrations were prepared by subsequent dilutions of the highest concentration in test medium. The final test solutions were all clear and increasingly orange with increasing concentration.
Test organisms
- Test organisms (species):
- Daphnia magna
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: water flea
- Strain: Straus, 1820
- Source: In-house laboratory culture with a known history
- Age at study initiation (mean and range, SD): < 24 hours, from parental daphnids of more than two weeks old
- Method of breeding: About 250 newborn daphnids, i.e. less than 3 days old, placed into 5 litres of medium in an all-glass culture vessel. Maximum age of the cultures was 4 weeks. Renewal of the cultures after 7 days of cultivation (half of the medium twice a week)
- Feeding during test: no feeding
ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation period: not indicated
Study design
- Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 48 h
Test conditions
- Hardness:
- 180 mg CaCO3/l
- Test temperature:
- 20.5 - 21.7 °C
- pH:
- 7.7-8.0
- Dissolved oxygen:
- 8.8-9.0
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- nominal concentrations: 0 (controls), 4.6, 10, 22, 46 and 100 mg/l
Analysis of the samples taken at the start of the test showed that measured concentrations were in agreement with nominal (83 – 105%). Concentrations measured after 48 hours all remained stable at more than 80% of initial. Nevertheless, average exposure concentrations (geometric mean) were calculated based on the fact that the recovery for 46 mg/l decreased below 80% relative to nominal (see Table 1). - Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: 100 ml, all-glass, containing 80 ml of test solution
- Aeration: none
- No. of organisms per vessel: 5
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 4
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 4
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: synthetic, adjusted ISO medium (as described in test guideline, however 1.4-fold diluted to reach a lower hardness) formulated using RO-water (tap-water purified by reverse osmosis; GEON Waterbehandeling, Berkel-Enschot, The Netherlands)
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH: none
- Photoperiod: the test was performed in the dark
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) :
Immobility (including mortality); at 24 hours and at 48 hours
TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Spacing factor for test concentrations: 2.2
- Range finding study
- Test concentrations: 0, 0.09, 0.86 and 8.6 mg/l
- Results used to determine the conditions for the definitive study: see Table 2 - Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- potassium dichromate, 0, 0.18, 0.32, 0.56, 1.0, 1.8 mg/l
Results and discussion
Effect concentrationsopen allclose all
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 12 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Remarks:
- water free
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95% CL 9.2-14 mg/l
- Duration:
- 24 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 64 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Remarks:
- water free
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95% CL 43-129 mg/l
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 4.5 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Remarks:
- water free
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Details on results:
- - Behavioural abnormalities: none
- Mortality of control: none
- Other adverse effects control: none
- Abnormal responses: none - Results with reference substance (positive control):
- - Results with reference substance valid? yes
- Mortality after 24 h: control: 0%, 0.18-0.32 mg/l: 0%, 0.56 mg/l: 50%, 1.0-1.8 mg/l: 100%
- Mortality after 48 h: control: 5%, 0.18 mg/l: 15%, 0.32 mg/l: 45%, 0.56-1.8 mg/l: 100%
- EC50 (24 h): 0.55 mg/l (95% confidence interval 0.50-0.63 mg/l)
- EC50 (48 h): 0.30 mg/l (95% confidence interval 0.25-0.35 mg/l) - Reported statistics and error estimates:
- The EC50-value was calculated at 24 and 48 hours of exposure from the probits of the percentages of affected daphnids and the logarithms of the corresponding test substance concentrations using the maximum likelihood estimation method (Finney, D.J., 1971: Probit analysis, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, U.K., 3rd edition). For parameters of the Probit analysis see Table 1
Any other information on results incl. tables
Table 1 Parameters of Probit analysis
Parameter |
24 h |
48 h |
index of regression significance |
g=0.30 |
g=0.12 |
chi-squared |
5.48 |
13.96 |
degrees of freedom |
10 |
18 |
regression line |
log10(conc.)=1.65+(probit-4.69)/2.07 |
log10(conc.)=1.08+(probit-5.07)/3.72 |
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Remarks:
- Criteria of OECD Guideline 202: In the control, no daphnids became immobilised. The oxygen concentration at the end of the test was ≥ 3 mg/l in control and test vessels.
- Conclusions:
- For classification purposes: 10 mg/l < 48h-EC50 ≤ 100 mg/l
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