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EC number: 204-701-4 | CAS number: 124-43-6
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to microorganisms
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- activated sludge respiration inhibition testing
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Study period:
- 1980
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- data from handbook or collection of data
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- As a method the cell multiplication inhibition test following Bringmann was applied to the model organisms.
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- urea, no purity
- Vehicle:
- yes
- Remarks:
- double distilled water
- Details on test solutions:
- Test solutions were prepared in double distilled water in 300 mL Erlenmeyer flasks, stoppered with cotton-lined plastic caps. The first solution in each dilution series contained 160 mL solution. Subsequent dilutions were prepared from this one by consistently mixing 80 mL of the test solution and 80 mL double distilled water.
- Test organisms (species):
- Pseudomonas putida
- Details on inoculum:
- Stock cultures were kept on nutrient medium in agar slant tubes. New stock cultures were prepared weekly. The inoculated stock cultures were incubated at 25 °C for 24 hours.
- Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 16 h
- Test temperature:
- 25 °C
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Dilutions containing 1 part v/v of the test substance in 2^0 to 2^14 parts v/v of mixture, up to 10000 mg/L
- Details on test conditions:
- Each flask in the dilution series was inoculated to 100 mL by adding 5mLof two stock solutions, each, and 10 mL of the tested bacteria. Inoculated bacterial test solutions were incubated at 25 °C for 16 hours. After termination of the test period the extinction of the monochromatic radiation was measured.
- Reference substance (positive control):
- not specified
- Key result
- Duration:
- 16 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Remarks:
- Toxicity threshold
- Effect conc.:
- > 10 000 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth inhibition
- Details on results:
- The toxicity threshold / NOEC of urea after 16 h exposure was determined to be >10000 mg/L.
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not applicable
- Conclusions:
- The toxicity threshold / NOEC of urea was determined to be >10000 mg/L.
- Executive summary:
A study testing the toxicity of an array of pollutants on different bacteria was performed using Bringmann method of cell multiplication inhibition test. Pseudomonas putida bacteria were exposed for 16 hours to the test item - urea at concentration levels up to 10000 mg/L. No toxic effects on the bacteria were observed. The toxicity threshold (NOEC) was determined after 16 h to be >10000 mg/L.
- Endpoint:
- activated sludge respiration inhibition testing
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Study period:
- 1983
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- data from handbook or collection of data
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Cell multiplication inhibition test according to Bringmann and Kühn. Biomass growth inhibition measured turbidimetrically with cell concentration expressed as extinction of light. Measurements performed according to the procedure described in Bringmann, G. and Kühn, R. (1979) in Umweltbundesamt, Berlin, LTws-Nr.10, 23-28.
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- Hydrogen peroxide, H2O2
CAS 7722-84-1 - Analytical monitoring:
- not specified
- Test organisms (species):
- Pseudomonas putida
- Details on inoculum:
- DSM-Nr. 50026
- Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Total exposure duration:
- 18 h
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Not specified
- Details on test conditions:
- A cell multiplication inhibition test was performed according to Brigmann/Kühn method. The microorganisms were exposed to the test solution for 16 - 18 hours.
- Reference substance (positive control):
- not specified
- Key result
- Duration:
- 18 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 11 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth inhibition
- Details on results:
- The EC10 was determined to be 11 mg/L.
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not specified
- Conclusions:
- The EC10 was determined to be 11 mg/L.
- Executive summary:
A test according to Brigmann/Kühn was perfomed to determine the growth inhibition of hydrogen peroxide on the tested microorganisms Pseudomonas Putida. The exposure period was 16 - 18 hours. After the exposure period was over the cell multiplication inhibition was measured turbidimetrically with cell concentration expresed as extinction of light. The EC10 of the test substance was determined to be 11 mg/L.
- Endpoint:
- activated sludge respiration inhibition testing
- Type of information:
- read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Justification for type of information:
- Please refer to section 13 for "Read-Across justification".
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- read-across source
- Key result
- Duration:
- 18 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 11 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth inhibition
- Remarks on result:
- other: species: Pseudomonas putida
- Endpoint:
- activated sludge respiration inhibition testing
- Type of information:
- read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Justification for type of information:
- Please refer to section 13 for "Read-Across justification".
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- read-across source
- Key result
- Duration:
- 16 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Remarks:
- Threshold toxicity
- Effect conc.:
- > 10 000 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth inhibition
- Remarks on result:
- other: species: Pseudomonas putida
Referenceopen allclose all
Description of key information
The EC10 of the degradation product H2O2 was considered to be 11 mg/L.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- EC10 or NOEC for microorganisms:
- 11 mg/L
Additional information
The toxicity to microorganisms of the test item was addressed with a read-across approach to its degradation products - urea and hydrogen peroxide. The test item is not stable and decomposes rapidly to urea and H2O2, therefore, the read-across to both substances is considered acceptable.
Publications reporting the toxicity to microorganisms of urea and hydrogen peroxide were used in a read-across weight of evidence approach.
Urea
A study testing the toxicity of an array of pollutants on different bacteria was performed using Bringmann method of cell multiplication inhibition test. Pseudomonas putida bacteria were exposed for 16 hours to the test item - urea at concentration levels up to 10000 mg/L. No toxic effects on the bacteria were observed. The toxicity threshold (NOEC) was determined after 16 h to be >10000 mg/L.
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)
A test according to Brigmann/Kühn was perfomed to determine the growth inhibition of hydrogen peroxide on the tested microorganisms Pseudomonas putida. The exposure period was 16 - 18 hours. After the exposure period was over the cell multiplication inhibition was measured turbidimetrically with cell concentration expresed as extinction of light. The EC10 of the test substance was determined to be 11 mg/L.
In conclusion, the toxicity to microorganisms of the test item hydrogen peroxide-urea (1:1) is based on the toxic effects which H2O2 showed in the growth inhibition test, as urea is not toxic to microorganisms. The EC10 of the test item is considered to be 11 mg/L.
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