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Diss Factsheets
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EC number: 601-730-8 | CAS number: 12065-65-5
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Type of information:
- read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- read-across source
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- read-across: supporting information
- Key result
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- >= 100 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Remarks:
- in filtrate (0.1 µm filtered after 48 h of stirring)
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Key result
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 100 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Remarks:
- in filtrate (0.1 µm filtered after 48 h of stirring)
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- >= 100 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Remarks:
- filtrate, 0.1 µm filtered after 48 h of stirring
- Basis for effect:
- biomass
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 100 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Remarks:
- filtrate, 0.1 µm filtered after 48 h of stirring
- Basis for effect:
- biomass
- Details on results:
- For the measurement parameters growth rate and yield (biomass), the EC50, EC20 and EC10 were not calculated, since no concentration dependent effect was observed and the strongest inhibition was 6.2 % compared to controls for yield at a loading rate of 32.0 mg/L at test end.
Therefore, the EC50 values were set to be > 100 mg/L, the highest loading rate. The algal growth inhibition test revealed a NOEC for titanium dioxide of ≥ 100 mg/L. - Results with reference substance (positive control):
- - EC50: The most recent nominal ErC50 value of 3.78 mg/L (95 % confidence limits 3.64 - 3.92 mg/L) is in good agreement with the results of an international ring test with ErC50 of 3.38 ± 1.30 mg/L.
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- The evaluation of the concentration-effect-relationships and the calculations of effect concentrations were based on the nominal loading of the test medium. The mean value of the cell counts for each concentration plot was used for plotting growth curves. Calculation of the percent inhibition of growth rate [r] and yield [y] was performed according to the guideline OECD 201. The percent inhibition values were plotted as a function of the test item concentration. The test results were statistically analyzed to determine EC10 and EC50 values with 95 % confidence intervals using Probit-analysis [9] assuming log-normal distribution of the values by using the computer program ToxRat®. The NOEC and LOEC values were determined by the Williams Multiple Sequential t-test or the Dunnett’s multiple t-test. The computer program ToxRat Professional was used for statistical evaluations.
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- Dissolved/dispersed fractions of a pigment grade TiO2 material, which were prepared by stirring the test material in test medium for 48 h and by subsequently filtering this test dispersion through a 0.1 µm filter, did not significantly affect the growth rate and biomass yield of Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata in an algae growth inhibition test according to OECD 201 after 72 h of exposure (72 h-NOEC ≥ 100 mg/L; 72 h-LOEC > 100 mg/L, nominal). Measured TiO2 concentrations in the test medium (10-100 mg TiO2/L, nominal) at test start ranged from 1.52-1.60 µg TiO2/L or were smaller than the LOQ (1.437 µg TiO2/L), and did not depend on the TiO2 loading rate.
The same EC50 and NOEC values are predicted for the structural analogue titanium oxide (Ti3O5) based on its similar low water solubility and the fact that any free titanium released will react to TiO2 when in contact with oxygen.
Reference
Table: Chemical analysis of test item, results [µg/L].
|
Ti concentration [µg/L] |
|
||||||
Treatment [mg/L] |
Control |
10.0 |
18.0 |
32.0 |
56.0 |
100 |
LOD |
LOQ |
Test start |
<LOQ (0.6151) |
0.9095 |
<LOQ (0.7653) |
0.9571 |
<LOQ (0.6009) |
0.9116 |
0.2870 |
0.8610 |
Test end |
<LOD |
<LOD |
<LOD |
<LOQ (0.5445) |
<LOD |
<LOQ (0.5722) |
0.4736 |
1.4209 |
|
TiO2* concentration [µg/L] |
|
|
|||||
Treatment [mg/L] |
Control |
10.0 |
18.0 |
32.0 |
56.0 |
100 |
LOD |
LOQ |
Test start |
<LOQ (1.026) |
1.518 |
<LOQ (1.277) |
1.597 |
<LOQ (1.003) |
1.521 |
0.4789 |
1.437 |
Test end |
<LOD |
<LOD |
<LOD |
<LOQ (0.9086) |
<LOD |
<LOQ (0.9548) |
0.7904 |
2.371 |
*The TiO2concentration was calculated based on a purity of the test item of 98.72% as stated in the certificate of analysis.
Description of key information
No significant effect on growth rate and biomass was observed at 100 mg/L in a key study on the effects of TiO2 powder on Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata (Wiensch et al., 2015). The same conclusions are taken forward for the structural analogue titanium oxide (Ti3O5) based on its similar low water solubility and the fact that any free titanium released will react to TiO2 when in contact with oxygen in water or air.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- EC50 for freshwater algae:
- 100 mg/L
- EC10 or NOEC for freshwater algae:
- 100 mg/L
Additional information
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.