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EC number: 203-784-4 | CAS number: 110-62-3
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Biodegradation in water: screening tests
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- biodegradation in water: ready biodegradability
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 18-08-2003 to 15-09-2003
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: GLP guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 301 D (Ready Biodegradability: Closed Bottle Test)
- Version / remarks:
- 17 July 1992
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Oxygen conditions:
- aerobic
- Inoculum or test system:
- other: domestic wastewater, secondary effluent
- Details on inoculum:
- - Source of inoculum/activated sludge (e.g. location, sampling depth, contamination history, procedure): secondary effluent from the City of Midland, Michigan Wastewater Treatment Plant, USA, > 90% domestic wastewater
- Storage length: secondary effluent sampled one day prior to study initiation
- Preparation of inoculum for exposure:
- Pretreatment: effluent filtered through Whatman 114V filter paper prior to use
- Concentration of sludge: 4 mL/L - Duration of test (contact time):
- 28 d
- Initial conc.:
- 2.64 mg/L
- Based on:
- act. ingr.
- Parameter followed for biodegradation estimation:
- O2 consumption
- Remarks:
- Orion model 97-08 dissolved oxygen electrode connected to an Orion model 920A + pH meter.
- Details on study design:
- TEST CONDITIONS
- Composition of medium: according to OECD 301D (mineral medium)
- Additional substrate: no
- Solubilising agent (type and concentration if used): no
- Test temperature: 19.2±0.3 °C (range: 18.6 to 19.7 °C)
- pH: 7.4
- pH adjusted: no
- Aeration of dilution water: aeration of inocultaed medium for at least 30 min and allowed to stand for at least 20 h prior to adding the test and reference material
- Continuous darkness: yes
TEST SYSTEM
- Culturing apparatus: 300-mL glass BOD bottles, filled to capacity, and sealed with ground glass stoppers and plastic covers to prevent entrapment of air bubbles and evaporation of the aqueous media
- Number of culture flasks/concentration: 18 replicates
- Measuring equipment: Orion model 97-08 dissolved oxygen electrode connected to an Orion model 920A + pH meter.
- Test performed in closed vessels due to significant volatility of test substance: yes
- Test performed in open system: no
SAMPLING
- Sampling frequency: after 0, 3, 5, 7, 10, 14, 17, 21, 28 days
CONTROL AND BLANK SYSTEM
- Inoculum blank: 18 replicates (inoculated mineral medium)
- Abiotic sterile control: 0
- Toxicity control: 6 replicates (inoculated mineral medium + 4 mg/L sodium benzoate + 2.64 mg/L test material)
- Other: Procedure control: 6 replicates (inoculated mineral medium + 2.64 mg/L test material) - Reference substance:
- benzoic acid, sodium salt
- Remarks:
- 4.02 mg/L
- Parameter:
- % degradation (O2 consumption)
- Value:
- 41
- Sampling time:
- 3 d
- Parameter:
- % degradation (O2 consumption)
- Value:
- 61.4
- Sampling time:
- 10 d
- Key result
- Parameter:
- % degradation (O2 consumption)
- Value:
- 64.1
- Sampling time:
- 28 d
- Results with reference substance:
- The reference compound, sodium benzoate (4.02 mg/L), achieved > 60% biodegradation (i.e., 80.6%) after 14 days.
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Interpretation of results:
- readily biodegradable
- Conclusions:
- Valeraldehyde is readily biodegradable (>60% after 28 days, according to OECD 301D, 1992), fulfilling the 10-day window.
- Executive summary:
The ready biodegradability of valeraldehyde was tested in a Closed Bottle Test according to OECD 301D (version 1992). The secondary effluent of a domestic wastewater treatment plant served as inoculum. The samples were incubated for 28 days at 20 °C. The oxygen consumption was observed over a period of 28 days. After 28 days the test substance was degraded to 64.1 % (oxygen consumption). The 10-days window was met.
Valeraldehyde is readily biodegradable according to the pass levels of OECD test guideline 301 (Ready Biodegradability).
Reference
Dissolved oxygen
Test Suspensions |
Inoculum Blanks |
||
(2.64 mg/L valeraldehyde) |
(mineral medium + inoculum only) |
||
Sampling Interval (days) |
Dissolved Oxygen (mg/L) |
Sampling Interval (days) |
Dissolved Oxygen (mg/L) |
0 |
8.74 |
0 |
8.74 |
0 |
8.75 |
0 |
8.72 |
3 |
5.93 |
3 |
8.72 |
3 |
5.88 |
3 |
8.72 |
5 |
5.12 |
5 |
8.63 |
5 |
4.92 |
5 |
8.64 |
7 |
4.77 |
7 |
8.68 |
7 |
4.62 |
7 |
8.71 |
10 |
4.32 |
10 |
8.59 |
10 |
4.41 |
10 |
8.58 |
14 |
4.25 |
14 |
8.44 |
14 |
4.29 |
14 |
8.58 |
17 |
4.34 |
17 |
8.38 |
17 |
4.12 |
17 |
8.50 |
21 |
3.97 |
21 |
8.41 |
21 |
3.86 |
21 |
8.35 |
28 |
3.38 |
28 |
7.78 |
28 |
3.38 |
28 |
7.78 |
Summary of biodegradation
Incubation Time (days) |
% Biodegradation (mean ± 1 Standard Deviation; n=2) |
||
Test Chemical |
Positive Controls |
Toxicity Controls |
|
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
3 |
41.0±0.5 |
- |
- |
5 |
52.6±2.1 |
- |
- |
7 |
58.2±1.5 |
78.5±0.6 |
62.7±0.1 |
10 |
61.4±0.9 |
- |
- |
14 |
61.7±0.4 |
80.6±0.1 |
61.4±0.1 |
17 |
61.3±2.3 |
- |
- |
21 |
65.0±1.1 |
- |
- |
28 |
64.1±0 |
- |
- |
Description of key information
Valeraldehyde is readily biodegradable according to OECD criteria, fulfilling the 10-day window (64.1%, Closed Bottle Test, OECD 301D; Dow, 2004).
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- Biodegradation in water:
- readily biodegradable
Additional information
The ready biodegradability of valeraldehyde was tested in a valid Closed Bottle Test according to OECD 301D (version 1992). The secondary effluent of a domestic wastewater treatment plant served as inoculum. The samples were incubated for 28 days at 20 °C. The oxygen consumption was observed over a period of 28 days. After 28 days, the test substance was degraded to 64.1 % (oxygen consumption). The 10-days window was met (Dow, 2004; KS, RL1).
In a Zahn-Wellens test (Hoechst AG, 1979, SS, RL2), 67% biodegradation of valeraldehyde within 5 days was determined.
In a study using the BOD test according to Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater (Waggy/UCC 1993, RL 3 due to insufficient documentation), valeraldehyde was demonstrated to be readily biodegradable (67% biodegradation within 10 days).
Valeraldehyde is readily biodegradable according to the pass levels of OECD test guideline 301 (Ready Biodegradability).
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