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EC number: 201-788-0 | CAS number: 87-99-0
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Ecotoxicological Summary
Administrative data
Hazard for aquatic organisms
Freshwater
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- PNEC aqua (freshwater)
- PNEC value:
- 75.5 mg/L
- Assessment factor:
- 1 000
- PNEC freshwater (intermittent releases):
- 755 mg/L
Marine water
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- PNEC aqua (marine water)
- PNEC value:
- 7.5 mg/L
- Assessment factor:
- 10 000
STP
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Sediment (freshwater)
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- PNEC sediment (freshwater)
- PNEC value:
- 270 mg/kg sediment dw
- Extrapolation method:
- equilibrium partitioning method
Sediment (marine water)
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- PNEC sediment (marine water)
- PNEC value:
- 14.7 mg/kg sediment dw
- Extrapolation method:
- equilibrium partitioning method
Hazard for air
Air
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Hazard for terrestrial organisms
Soil
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Hazard for predators
Secondary poisoning
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no potential for bioaccumulation
Additional information
The modes of toxic action in ecotoxicology have been studied to a great extent and as a result, there are many (Q)SARs for aquatic toxicity endpoints available. Verhaar et al (1992) associated four modes of action with structural characteristics which provided a convenient means of categorising substances. The four modes of action were respectively: inert, less inert, reactive and specifically acting chemicals. The first ‘inert’ is otherwise termed ‘narcotic’ or ‘neutral organic’ in order to indicate a narcosis mode of action. Hydrophobicity has been found to be a key chemical feature in determining the effects of narcotic organic compounds in aquatic systems (Donkin, 1994). The most common measure of hydrophobicity is LogKow. Konemann (1981) developed the ‘classic’ general narcosis (Q)SAR for toxicity to Poecilia reticulata (guppy) which related LogKow to LC50 (Log of the molar LC50). This was subsequently found to be applicable for prediction of toxicity to a range of aquatic species, not only other fish species but other organisms such as Daphnia magna. ECOSAR v1.11 for example contains a variant on this general narcosis equation for fish, Daphnia and green algae.
Xylitol is expected to act as a neutral organic chemical based on chemical inspection. Within the OECD Toolbox v3, the Verhaar MOA, the OASIS MOA for Aquatic Toxicity and ECOSAR all categorised Xylitol as a neutral organic. Thus, the aquatic toxicity as expressed as a molar Log of the LC50 or EC50 could be predicted using LogKow. Xylitol also does not contain any functional groups that would be indicative of electrophilic potential i.e. it does not trigger any alerts for protein binding or DNA binding as encoded in the OECD Toolbox which substantiates the expectation that Xylitol will act as a neutral organic.
Donkin, P., 1994. Quantitative structure-activity relationships. In: Calow, P. (Ed.), Handbook of Ecotoxicology, vol. 2. Blackwell Scientific Publications, London.
Konemann, H., 1981. Quantitative structure-activity relationships in fish toxicity studies 1. Relationship for 50 industrial pollutants. Toxicology 19, 209–221.
Verhaar HJM, van Leeuwen CJ, Hermens JLM (1992).Classifying environmental pollutants. 1. Structure-activity relationships for prediction of aquatic toxicity. Chemosphere 25, 471-491.
Conclusion on classification
A QSAR approach based on the baseline narcosis equation using LogKow as an input variable exploiting the functionality encoded in ECOSAR was undertaken to derive information to characterise the aquatic toxicity to fish, daphnia and algae species. Xylitol was found to be of low concern to all 3 aquatic species. Screening studies available in Ceriodaphnia dubia and Pimephales promelas substantiate the predicted low toxicity of the substance. Therefore, the test substance is not classified for acute or chronic aquatic toxicity according to EU Classification, Labelling and Packaging of Substances and Mixtures (CLP) Regulation (EC) No. 1272/2008.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
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