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EC number: 208-883-6 | CAS number: 544-92-3
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 2008-03-17 to 2008-04-24
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Justification for type of information:
- Experimental study on the registered substance performed according to the OECD 201 guideline and under GLP conditions.
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 201 (Alga, Growth Inhibition Test)
- Version / remarks:
- March 23, 2006
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- See test material information
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- Test concentrations were verified by chemical analysis. Water samples were taken from the controls and each exposure level at the start (0 h) and at te end (72 h) of the test for analysis.
10 mL (x 3 replicates) of test solution was taken from the each test vessel prepared at the beginning of the test. At the end of the test,
test solutions for each test concentration were and then pooled solutions were centrifuged slightly (5 000 rpm, 10 min) to remove growth algae. 10 mL (10 mL x 3 replicates) of solutions were taken from upper phase and put into the 20 mL of vials. 0.3 mL of nitric acid solution (61%) was addedinto the samples and then the samples were sent to the chemical analysis laboratory at Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology for analysis of copper. - Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION
After 101 mg of the test substance was added in 1 000 mL beaker and dilution water (OECD nutrient medium) was added up to the mark of the beaker to produce the nominal concentration of 100 mg/L, this solution was then stirred for about 48h and then filtered to remove undissolved test substance using 0.45 um membrane (Advantec, Toyo Roshi Kaisha Ltd, Japan). Serial dilutions of this test solution were prepared with the dilution water to give desired series of exposure levels which were nominally 0.1, 0.26, 0.64, 1.6, 4.0, and 10.0 mg/L. For the control group, only the dilution water was used.
No remarkable phenomenon was observed in the test solution. - Test organisms (species):
- Raphidocelis subcapitata (previous names: Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, Selenastrum capricornutum)
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata
- Strain: No UTEX 1648
- Source (laboratory, culture collection): Division
PRE-CULTURE
Two to four days before the test, sterile OECD nutrient medium (OECD, 2006) was inoculated about 5.0x10^3 cells/ml from a stock culture and incubated in a shaking incubator under continuous illumination (shaking rate: about 100 times/min, and light intensity: 60-120 uE/m2/s) at 21-24°C to give an algal suspension in log phase growth. - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 72 h
- Remarks on exposure duration:
- No remark
- Post exposure observation period:
- No data
- Hardness:
- No data
- Test temperature:
- 23.6 +/- 0.1°C
- pH:
- 7.94 - 9.52
- Dissolved oxygen:
- No data
- Salinity:
- No data
- Conductivity:
- No data
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Nominal: 0.1, 0.26, 0.64, 1.6, 4.0 and 10.0 mg/L
Mean measured concentrations (geo mean): 8.5, 18.1, 42.4, 107.3, 251.9 and 109.6 ug/L. - Details on test conditions:
- MEDIUM
The algae were cultivated and tested in sterile OECD nutrient medium, prepared according to the OECD test guideline (2006).
MEDIUM RENEWAL
Not applicable for static tests
ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
During the test period, the temperature was recorded daily and continuously using a recorder. At the start o the test, the pH of the test solutions was measured in additional flasks specifically fo pH measurement. At the end of the test, the pH was measured from Replicate 1 of each test concentrations. At the start and end of the test, light intensity was measured using a light meter (LI-250A light meter, quantum sensor) at the surface level of the test solutions.
Simple for measurements of temperature, pH and light intensity were taken at 0, 24, 48 and 72 hours and the cell densities were determined by direct counts using a BECKMAN COULTER tm Multisizer 3 particle analyzer.
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) :
The inhibition percentage of the growth rate for each treatment was calculated based on both average growth rate and yield.
EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN
The test was started by inoculating 5.1x10^3 celles/ml in 250 ml conical flasks each containing 100 ml of test solution under sterile conditions. These cells were taken from an exponentially growing pre-culture under the same conditions as for the test.
CULTURE CONDITIONS
The inoculated flasks were then placed in a shaking incubator (DAIHAN Scientific, KOREA). The cultures were incubated, without media renewal, for 72h nder continous illumination. The gaseous exchange and suspension of the algal cells were ensured by the action of the orbital shaker oscillating at 100 cycles per minute.
EVALUATION OF DATA
Plots of growth curves were produced using the measured cell concentrations in test cultures and controls together with the concentrations of the test substance and the times of measurement.
RANGE-FINDING STUDY
- Nominal concentrations: 0.1, 1, 10 and 100 mg/L
- Results used to determine the conditions for the definitive study:
Average growth inhibition %: -2.0, 61.1, 76.4 and 76.4% at 0.1, 1, 10 and 100 mg/L respectively
Yield: -11.6, 97.0, 99.0 and 99.0% at 0.1, 1, 10 and 100 mg/L respectively - Reference substance (positive control):
- not specified
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 35 µg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95% CL: 21.1 - 55.6 ug/L
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 20.8 µg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: yield
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95% CL: 0.00 - 27.5 ug/L
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC20
- Effect conc.:
- 50.2 µg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95% CL: 27.0 - 64.1 ug/L
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC20
- Effect conc.:
- 25.8 µg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: yield
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95% CL: 16.2 - 35.9 ug/L
- Key result
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 89.1 µg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95% CL: 78.9 - 99.7 ug/L
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 40.9 µg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: yield
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95% CL: 26.8 - 72.5 ug/L
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 18.1 µg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: average growth rate and yield
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 42.4 µg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: average growth rate and yield
- Details on results:
- Concentration of the test substance in the test solution: At 0 hour (start of the test), the mean measured concentrations were 6.8, 18.2, 44.3, 110.8, 266.1 and 622.7 ug/L (6.2 - 7.0% of the nominal concentrations). The mean concentrations measured at 72h (end of the test) were 10.7, 18.0, 40.6, 104.0, 238.5 and 592.5 ug/L (5.9 - 10.7% of the nominal concentrations).
The mean concentrations of the test substance measured at the nominal concentrations of 0.1, 0.26, 0.64, 1.6, 4.0 and 10.0 mg/L during the definitive test were 8.5, 18.1, 42.4, 107.3, 251.9 and 109.6 ug/L, i.e., 6.1 - 8.5% of the nominal concentrations. - Results with reference substance (positive control):
- No data
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- No data
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- Under the test conditions, the 72hr-EC50 values expressed in terms of the mean measured concentration of copper cyanide to the algae Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata were determined as 89.1 ug/L (95% confidence limits 78.9 - 99.7 ug/L) for average growth rate, and 40.9 ug/L (26.8 - 72.5 ug/L) for yield.
- Executive summary:
This study was performed to assess the inhibitory effect of copper cyanide on the growth of the unicellular green alga, Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata (Strain No UTEX 1648). This study was conducted in accordance with the OECD 201 guideline and under GLP conditions.
The toxicity test was performed with control and nominal concentrations of 0.1, 0.26, 0.64, 1.6, 4.0 and 10.0 mg/L each in triplicates, with mean measured concentrations of 8.5, 18.1, 42.4, 107.3, 251.9 and 109.6 ug/L. Cultures were incubated on a shaking incubator under continous illumination at 23.6 +/- 0.1°C for 72 hours. Growth was monitored daily by determining the cell density of each culture by direct counts using a BECKMAN COULTERtm Multisizer 3 particle analyzer.
Under the test conditions, the 72hr-EC50 values expressed in terms of the mean measured concentration of copper cyanide to the algae Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata were determined as 89.1 ug/L (95% confidence limits 78.9 - 99.7 ug/L) for average growth rate, and 40.9 ug/L (26.8 - 72.5 ug/L) for yield. The 72h-NOEC was determined to be 18.1 ug/L.
All results were expressed in terms of the mean measured concentrations (geo mean). At 0 hour (start of the test), the mean measured concentrations were 6.8, 18.2, 44.3, 110.8, 266.1 and 622.7 ug/L (6.2 - 7.0% of the nominal concentrations). The mean concentrations measured at 72h (end of the test) were 10.7, 18.0, 40.6, 104.0, 238.5 and 592.5 ug/L (5.9 - 10.7% of the nominal concentrations).
All validty criteria of the study were met, as stated in the test guideline. Therefore, this study can be considered acceptable for that endpoint.
Reference
See the attached study report
Validity criteria
- Increase of biomass in the control cultures within the 72-hour test period: 207.2-fold (criteria: > or = 16-fold)
- Mean coefficient of variation for section-by-section specific growth rate in the control cultures: 21.2% (criteria: < or = 35%)
- Coefficient of variation of average specific growth rates in replicate control cultures during the whole test period: 2.6% (criteria: < or = 7%)
- Change of pH in control medium during the test period: 0.36 (criteria: < or = 1.5)
Therefore, all validity criteria of the study were met.
Description of key information
Under the test conditions, the 72hr-EC50 values expressed in terms of the mean measured concentration of copper cyanide to the algae Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata were determined as 89.1 ug/L (95% confidence limits 78.9 - 99.7 ug/L) for average growth rate, and 40.9 ug/L (26.8 - 72.5 ug/L) for yield. The 72h-NOEC was determined to be 18.1 ug/L.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- EC50 for freshwater algae:
- 89.1 µg/L
- EC10 or NOEC for freshwater algae:
- 18.1 µg/L
Additional information
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