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EC number: 231-125-0 | CAS number: 7440-16-6
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Additional toxicological data
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- additional toxicological information
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- April - June 2012
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- test procedure in accordance with generally accepted scientific standards and described in sufficient detail
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 2 012
- Report date:
- 2012
Materials and methods
- Type of study / information:
- Metals or metallic compounds are subjected to a media that mimic gastric juice, in terms of pH and
body temperature (pH 1.5 and 37 °C), for an exposure time of 1 hour with agitation. Then the
compounds are incubated for another hour without agitation, before aliquots are taken, filtered and
bio-accessible metal quantified by ICP-MS.
Test guidelineopen allclose all
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: EN1881, Reference test method for release of nickel from products intended to come into direct and prolonged contact with skin, CEN, Ref No EN 1811: 1998 E, November 1998.
- Version / remarks:
- November 1998
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- with the refinements included in the SOP of Eurometaux (Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) for the Bioaccessibility Testing Programme, November 10, 2010, directed by Eurometaux)
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: ASTM D5517-17: Standard Test Method for Determining Extractability of Metals from Art Materials, D5517-94, Philadelphia, PA: American Society for Testing and Materials,
- Version / remarks:
- 2007
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- refinements included in the SOP of Eurometaux (Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) for the Bioaccessibility Testing Programme, November 10, 2010, directed by Eurometaux.)
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Remarks:
- Testing lab is no GLP facility, however, they follow as close as possible the OECD Good Laboratory Guidelines (ENV/MC/CHEM(98)17) and meet the standard technical requirements for the protocols.
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Rhodium
- EC Number:
- 231-125-0
- EC Name:
- Rhodium
- Cas Number:
- 7440-16-6
- Molecular formula:
- Rh
- IUPAC Name:
- rhodium(2+)
- Test material form:
- solid: particulate/powder
- Remarks:
- migrated information: powder
- Details on test material:
- - Name of test material (as cited in study report): Rhodium black
- Substance type: powder
- Physical state: soild
- Analytical purity: 99.5 % w/w
- Purity test date: 28/03/2012
- Lot/batch No.: 8225/00-L1
- Other: Particle size distribution and specific surface area (BET analysis) values were taken from: Fraunhofer IKTS report N° 4198_4208_4214_4216 of 12.11.2012.
- d50 = 21.080 µm (50th percentile of the particle size cumulative distribution as measured by volume)
- d90 = 47.211 µm (90th percentile of the particle size cumulative distribution as measured by volume)
- BET = 3.61 m2/g
Constituent 1
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- rhodium powder 99.978% purity
d50=178.65 µm, d90=533.968 µm; BET:0.181 m²/g
Results and discussion
Any other information on results incl. tables
Results of the perspiration bio-elution test are presented in this table. The results correspond to the 7 day tests performed at pH 6.5 under a constant temperature of 30 °C and a mass loading of 2 g/L. The measurements of metal released from the blanks are reported on the top half of the table and the sample values in the bottom half of the table.
Time (h) | Temp (°C) | O2 (mg/L) | pH | Vessel1 | Vessel2 | Vessel3 | Rhodium (µg/L) | Rhodium (µg/g) | |
blanc | before | 30.0 | 6.9 | 6.44 | BDL | BDL | BDL | / | / |
24 | 30.5 | 6.7 | 5.94 | BDL | BDL | BDL | / | / | |
169 | 30.5 | 5.4 | 5.91 | BDL | BDL | BDL | / | / | |
rhodium powder | before | 30.0 | 6.9 | 6.44 | BDL | BDL | BDL | / | / |
24 | 30.5 | 6.7 | 5.91 | 0.5 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.6 (SD 0.002) | 0.3 | |
169 | 30.5 | 5.4 | 5.47 | 1.5 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 1.4 (SD 0.06) | 0.7 |
BDL: Below detection limit.
Results of the gastric bio-elution test are presented. The results correspond to the 2 hours tests performed at pH 1.5 under a constant temperature of 37 °C and a mass loading of 200
mg/L. The measurements of metal released from the blanks are reported on the top half of the table and the sample values in the bottom half of
the table
time (h) | temp (°C) | 02 (mg/L) | pH | Vessel1 | Vessel2 | Vessel3 | Rh(µg/L) | Rh (µg/g | |
blanks | before | 37 | 6.9 | 1.52 | BDL | BDL | BDL | / | / |
2 | 37 | 6.7 | 1.53 | 0.15 | BDL | 0.14 | 0.15 (SD 0.01) | 0.74 | |
Rh powder | before | 37 | 6.9 | 1.52 | 0.63* | 0.57* | BDL | / | / |
2 | 37 | 6.7 | 1.50 | 1.7 | 1.0 | 1.5 | 1.4 (SD0.37) | 6.9 |
*Values regarded as outliers and are not considered in the calculations
BDL: Below detection limit.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- The perspiration and gastric bioaccessibility of Rh powder was determined as 7x10(-5)% (SD 3x10-6) and 7x10(-4)% (SD 2x10-4) respectively.
- Executive summary:
A study to estimate metal bio-accessibility in synthetic media simulating gastric juice and perspiration fluid, were performed.
Rhodium powder was assayed following Eurometaux Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) defined for a bio-accessibility testing programme on the 10th of November 2010. The results obtained showed low solubilities in perspiration fluid. As expected, the solubility in synthetic gastric medium (pH 1.5) was higher than the values measured in perspiration fluid. Metal solubility results, calculated as the percentage between the dissolved metal, after each bio-elution test, and total metal content of the compound is 7x10(-4)% in gastric fluid and 7x10(-5)% in perspiration fluid after 168h.
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