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EC number: 237-859-8 | CAS number: 14024-61-4
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Short-term toxicity to fish
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to fish
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 5 December 2019 - 30 March 2020
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 203 (Fish, Acute Toxicity Test)
- Version / remarks:
- Adopted June 18th, 2019
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method C.1 (Acute Toxicity for Fish)
- Version / remarks:
- 2008
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- Pd content: 34.52% (>99.9% Palladium (II) di(4-oxopent-2-en-2-oate) (Pd(C5H7O2)2) based on analysed Pd)
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- dissolved Pd is determined in samples of all fresh test solutions (at the beginning of the test prior to addition of test organisms and at media renewal after 48 hours, immediately after preparation of test solutions before distributing to the test vessels) and aged samples (before media renewal and at test end).
Duplicate samples were taken (10 mL), filtered (0.45 µm polyethersulphone membrane (PES) syringe filter) and afterwards acidified with conc. HNO3.
Samples were sealed after acidification and stored at ± 4°C is not analysed immediately. - Vehicle:
- yes
- Remarks:
- test item is dissolved in Cu-reduced dilution water
- Details on test solutions:
- At first a stock solution was prepared by transferring 5.0 mg of the test item into a glass flask. 5000 mL Cu-reduced dilution water and a stirring bar were added to the bottle and stirred vigorously for about 24 hours at room temperature (about 20°C) to achieve maximum solubility of the test item. Another flask was filled with dilution water only for the control replicates and stirred in the same way.
After 24 hours, the stock solution was ultrasonicated for 30 minutes and afterwards undissolved test item was removed using a PES (polyethersulphone) bottle top filter with a pore size of 0.45 µm. The filtrate of the stock solution was diluted with test water to obtain the other test concentrations. - Test organisms (species):
- Danio rerio (previous name: Brachydanio rerio)
- Details on test organisms:
- Test facility-bred. Fertilised eggs for the test were obtained from iindividuals reared in the laboratory of the Fraunhofer Institute, Schmallenberg, Germany.
Origin: West Aquarium GmbH, 37431 Bad Lauterberg, Germany
Size: 1.0 - 2.0 cm - Test type:
- semi-static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Remarks:
- Purified drinking water was used according to the OECD guideline203
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 96 h
- Remarks on exposure duration:
- Semi-static conditions for a period of 96 h in 3 L test vessels (filled wth about 2L test solution) with one media renewal after 48 hours.
- Test temperature:
- 22.8-23.6 °C
- pH:
- 7.80 - 8.05
- Dissolved oxygen:
- oxygen saturation 89.0 - 99.0%
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- nominal: control, 3.2, 7.04, 15.5, 34.1, 75 µg Test item/L (corresponding to control, 1.11, 2.43, 5.35, 11.8, 25.9 µg Pd/L)
measured (geomean concentrations): control, 1.98, 4.52, 10.4, 24.2, 42.1 µg Test Item/L (corresponding to control, 0.683, 1.56, 3.60, 8.35, 14.5 µg Pd/L)
For calculation of geometric mean concentrations, at first, the measured background concentrations of the control samples were deducted from the measured test item concentration of the respective test concentration.
Measured test item concentrations and calculated geometric mean concentrations used for the effect assessment. - Reference substance (positive control):
- no
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect conc.:
- 5.48 µg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- element (dissolved fraction)
- Basis for effect:
- mortality (fish)
- Remarks on result:
- other:
- Remarks:
- 95% CI: not determinable
- Key result
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect conc.:
- 15.9 µg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat. (dissolved fraction)
- Basis for effect:
- mortality (fish)
- Remarks on result:
- other:
- Remarks:
- 95% CI: not determinable
- Details on results:
- Prior to test start, a subsample of the fish batch used in the test was weighed out and lengths were measured. The fish lengths were in the range of 1.7 – 2.0 cm. The mean weight resulted in a loading of 0.048 g/L test medium, and therefore was in line with density given by the respective guideline oecd203 (allowed loading: 0.8 g fish/L).
Within the first 24 hours after test start, all fish in the highest concentration of 14.5 µg Pd/L (42.1 µg test item/L) died. After media renewal after 48 hours, all fish in the second highest test concentration of 8.35 µg Pd/L (24.2 µg test item/L) were found dead. No fish died in the three lowest test concentrations of 0.68, 1.56 and 3.60 µg Pd/L (1.98, 4.52 and 10.4 µg test item/L), respectively. In addition, no fish died in the control.
No sublethal effects occurred in any test concentration during the whole exposure period. - Results with reference substance (positive control):
- no reference substance included
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- Since the test results showed mortality of around 50 %, data were statistically analyzed to determine LC10 and LC50 values together with 95 % confidence intervals using Probit-analysis, assuming log-normal distribution of the values.
The results were calculated using the geometric mean measured concentrations of the test item.
The LC50, the confidence limits (95%) and the slope of the curve were estimated using appropriate statistical methods such as the classical maximum likelihood methods for fitting probit or logit models. All statistics were calculated by using ToxRat® Professional 3.3.0 . - Sublethal observations / clinical signs:
The cumulative mortality observed during the 96 hour exposure period:
Geometirc mean measured concentration [µg Pd/L]
Control
0.683
1.56
3.60
8.35
14.5
Fish introduced
7
7
7
7
7
7
h of application
Cumulative mortality [n]
0
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
22
-
-
-
-
-
7
28
-
-
-
-
-
7
48
-
-
-
-
1
7
53
-
-
-
-
6
7
70
-
-
-
-
7
7
77
-
-
-
-
7
7
96
-
-
-
-
7
7
- = no mortality detected
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Remarks:
- mortality in control <10%, dissolved oxygen >60%, analytical determination dissolved Pd
- Conclusions:
- The test item Palladium (II) di(4-oxopent-2-en-2-oate) (CAS 14024-61-4) showed a significant effect on the test organism Danio rerio in a 96-hour acute toxicity test under semi-static test conditions. Based on calculated geometric mean Palladium concentrations, the LC50 was calculated to be 5.48 µg Pd/L, equivalent to 15.9 µg test item/L.
- Executive summary:
A study was performed to determine the acute toxicity of Palladium (II) di(4-oxopent-2-en-2-oate) (CAS 14024-61-4) to zebrafish (Danio rerio). The study was performed according to the OECD guideline 203 and the EEC method C.1.
The fish were exposed to five test concentrations of the test item under semi-static conditions for a period of 96 hours. Untreated dilution water was run in parallel as a control. Seven fish were placed in each treatment vessel and in the control. The mortality and sublethal effects were determined at least twice per day, with a minimum of two observations within the first 24 hours.
Following test item concentrations were introduced in the test:
3.20, 7.04, 15.5, 34.1 and 75.0 µg test item/L (equivalent Pd concentrations were 1.11, 2.43, 5.35, 11.8 and 25.9 µg Pd/L).
The concentrations of dissolved palladium in the aqueous phase were assessed by chemical analysis in the test solutions at test start (0h, fresh), at media renewal after 48 hours (aged and fresh) and test end (96h, aged). Samples of fresh medium were taken from the test solution and control prior to distribution to the test vessel. Samples of aged test media were taken directly from the test vessel and control. Recovery rates in fresh test solutions were between 68.5 – 80.9 % of nominal concentrations. During the incubation period of 48 hours, the palladium concentrations decreased and showed concentrations between 39.0 – 62.9 % of nominal concentrations in aged samples.
The geometric mean of the measured test item concentration over the test period were between 56.2 and 70.7 % of nominal concentrations. In accordance with OECD 203 (2019) the effect assessment was based on the geometric mean measured concentrations of 0.683, 1.56, 3.60, 8.35 and 14.5 µg Pd/L, equivalent to 1.98, 4.52, 10.4, 24.2 and 42.1 µg test item/L.
At test end, no mortality was observed in the control. In addition, the dissolved oxygen concentration was at least 60% of the air saturation in the control and test vessels during the test. Therefore, the test was valid according to OECD 203.
The test item had a statistically significant effect in the immobilization of the daphnids in the two highest test concentrations of 8.35 and 14.5 µg Pd/L. The LC50after the 96 hours exposure period was calculated to be 5.48 µg Pd/L, which is equivalent to 15.9 µg test item/L.
Reference
Description of key information
The 96-hour LC50 was determined to be 5.48 µg Pd/L.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Fresh water fish
Fresh water fish
- Effect concentration:
- 15.9 µg/L
Additional information
A study was performed to determine the acute toxicity of Palladium (II) di(4-oxopent-2-en-2-oate) (CAS 14024-61-4) to zebrafish (Danio rerio). The study was performed according to the OECD guideline 203 and the EEC method C.1. The fish were exposed to five test concentrations of the test item under semi-static conditions for a period of 96 hours. The geometric mean measured concentrations were 0.683, 1.56, 3.60, 8.35 and 14.5 µg Pd/L, equivalent to 1.98, 4.52, 10.4, 24.2 and 42.1 µg test item/L. The LC50after the 96 hours exposure period was calculated to be 5.48 µg Pd/L, which is equivalent to 15.9 µg test item/L.
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