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EC number: 800-036-4 | CAS number: 1422423-64-0
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- January from 19th to 22nd, 2009
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 201 (Alga, Growth Inhibition Test)
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Remarks:
- temporary certificate
- Analytical monitoring:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- Prior to the start of the test, a culture medium solution of 100 mg/l was prepared by direct weighting into algal culture medium. The obtained suspension was mixed by the means of magnetic stirrer for about 3 days to allow the maximum solubilisation of test item,then, it was filtered by a filtering cartridge (membrane pore: 0.45 um) to obtain a clear solution. The test concentrations were prepared by taking adequate aliquots of the mother solution and diluting them in the algal medium.
- Test organisms (species):
- Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata (previous names: Raphidocelis subcapitata, Selenastrum capricornutum)
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: unicellular, fresh-water green algae.
- Source: IRSA-CNR (Water Research Institute-Italian Research Council), Brugherio, Milano.
ACCLIMATION
- Culturing: test organisms were cultured in the testing laboratory.
- Culturing conditions: algae have been cultured in a temperature controlled room at 24.0 ± 2.0 °C under continuous uniform illumination of approximately 6000 Lux in the spectral range 400-700 nm. The culture medium was the same of the test medium; the stock culture were weekly transferred to fresh medium and maintained in continuous shaking to ensure the necessary amount of CO2 and to keep algae in suspension.
- Any deformed or abnormal cells observed: cultures containing deformed or abnormal cells were discarded. Only exponentially growing algal cultures have been used to start the test. - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 72 h
- Test temperature:
- Ranged between 23.6 and 25.3 °C
- pH:
- Control: 8.51 - 9.72
Test vessels: 7.97 - 9.82 - Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Nominal: 10.0, 17.8, 31.6, 56.2 and 100.0 mg/l
- Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: 100 ml capacity conical glass flasks.
- Type: flasks were capped with air permeable stoppers.
- Initial cells density: the cell density of the inoculum was around 10^6 cells/ml.
- No. of vessels per concentration: three replicates.
- No. of vessels per control: six replicates.
INOCULUM
At the start of the test, 50 ml of test solutions were poured into the test flasks and inoculated with algae to obtain a starting cell density of around 104 cells/ml. The algal inoculum was taken from a pre-culture, started 3 days before the beginning of the test in order to ensure that the assay was performed with exponentially growing algal population.
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: reconstituted water (OECD TG 201 medium) according to OECD Guideline 201, 2006.
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Sterile test conditions: all the describe procedures were conducted under a laminar flow bench to ensure the axenicity of the algal cultures.
- Photoperiod: continuous illumination.
- Light intensity: 6000-10000 lux.
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED
Cell density was measured every 24 hours by fluorescent reading with a spectrofluorophotometer in few millilitre samples taken from each test concentration replicate and from controls. The observed values were used to calculate the percentage inhibition of cell growth as yield and as growth rate in comparison with control.
The CETIS v.1.026D software was used to carry out the statistical analyses. The statistical comparison with the control at each observation times was assessed by Dunnett's multiple comparison analysis and by Bonferroni Adjusted Test.
The EyCx was calculated by a non linear regression analysis, while the ErCx values were determined by a linear interpolation method.
The negative control was considered only to check that the growth of the algal population used in the test met the validity criteria. As input data nominal concentrations were used.
TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Spacing factor for test concentrations: five different concentrations in a geometric series, namely 10.0, 17.8, 31.6, 56.2 and 100.0 mg/l.
- Test concentrations: the test concentrations were chosen based on the results of a pre-test (range-finding test), which was not performed in compliance with the GLP Regulations. - Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- 3.5 Dichlorophenol
- Key result
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 100 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Key result
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 65.66 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- biomass
- Remarks:
- yield
- Remarks on result:
- other: 63.77-67.56
- Details on results:
- ln the test solutions the algal growth rate (r) after 72 hours of exposure was inhibited by a minimum value of 3.5 % for the concentration of 31.6 mg/l to a maximum value of 31.1 % for the highest concentration tested, compared to the negative control. The two lowest concentrations did not show any significant effect after 72 hours of exposure (Dunnet’s multiple comparison analysis).
After 72 hours of exposure, yield (y) decreased by a minimum value of 2.4 % for the nominal concentration of 17.8 mg/l, to a maximum value of 83.4 % for the highest tested concentration, 100 mg/l, compared to the negative control.
ErC10 (72h): 53.86 mg/l (nominal) (CL 95 %: 52.05-55.82)
ErC20 (72h): 76.2 mg/l (nominal) (CL 95 %: 73.37 - 79.41)
EyC10 (72h): 28.31 mg/l (nominal) (CL 95 %: 23.33-32.43)
EyC20 (72h): 41.4 mg/l (nominal) (CL 95 %: 38.49-44.07)
NEGATIVE CONTROL
At the end of the test the cell density in the negative control was increased on average by a factor of 306. This value complies with the validity criteria of the test, according to the mentioned guidelines, which indicate a minimum increase factor of 16.
The negative control met also the other validity criteria, with a coefficient of variation of daily growth rates of 34.4 % and a coefficient of variation of average growth in replicates control cultures during the test period of 3.8 %. - Results with reference substance (positive control):
- The results of the most recently performed test with a reference substance are reported and compared with literature data to demonstrate that the algal strain used has got an adequate level of sensitivity to that substance. In the current case the results refer to a test run on August 2008 with 3.5-Dichlorophenol as reference substance.
Testing laboratory data: ErC50 of 4.08 (3.04 -5.18) mg/l
Literature data: ErC50 of 3.38 (2.08-4.68) mg/l - Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- ErC50 (72h) > 100 mg/l (nominal)
EyC50 (72h): 65.66 mgl (nominal) - Executive summary:
Method
The influence of the test item on the growth of the green algal species Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, formerly known as Selenastrum capricornutum, was investigated in a 72-hour full test according to the OECD Guideline No. 201, 2006.
For this purpose, exponentially growing test algae were exposed for 72 hours to an aqueous test medium containing the test item at five nominal concentrations in a geometric series, namely 10.0, 17.8, 31.6, 56.2 and 100.0 mg/l, under defined conditions. Besides the five concentrations, a negative control without test item was also prepared to check the acceptability of the algal inoculum.
Observations
Algal cell density was measured every 24 hours by fluorescent reading with a spectrofluorophotometer in few millilitre samples taken from each test concentration replicate and from controls. The pH values of test medium at the beginning of the test ranged between 7.97 and 8.51. Therefore, the pH of the test medium was not adjusted before the start of the test.
The room temperature was in the range 23.6 – during the test period, according to the OECD’s recommended range (24.0 ± 2.0 °C).
In the negative control the cell density increased on average by a factor of 306. This value complies with the validity criteria of the test according to the mentioned guidelines, such as the coefficient of variation of daily growth rates (34.4 %) and the coefficient of variation of average growth in replicates control cultures during the test period (3.8 %).
In the test item solution the algal growth rate (r) after 72 hours of exposure was inhibited by a minimum value of 3.5 % for the nominal concentration of 31.6 mg/l to a maximum value of 31.1 % for the highest concentration tested, compared to the negative control. The two lowest concentrations did not show any significant effect after 72 hours of exposure (Dunnet’s multiple comparison analysis)
The yield (y) decreased by a minimum value of 2.4 % for the nominal concentration of 17.8 mg/l, to a maximum value of 83.4 % for the highest concentration, compared to the negative control.
Results
The EC10, EC20 and EC50 for both the end-points after 72 hours, calculated based on the nominal concentrations tested were as follows:
Growth rate
EC10 (72h): 53.86 (52.05 -55.82)mg/l (nominal)
EC20 (72h): 76.20 (73.37 – 79.41)mg/l (nominal)
EC50 (72h) > 100 mg/l (nominal)
Yield (biomass)
EC10 (72h): 28.31 (23.33 – 32.43)mg/l (nominal)
EC20 (72h): 41.40 (38.49 – 44.07) mg/l (nominal)
EC50 (72h): 65.66 (63.77 – 67.56)mg/l (nominal)
Reference
The ErC10, the ErC20 and the ErC50 were assessed by a linear interpolation; the values for each observation time together with their confidence limits (LCL, Lower Confidence Level and UCL, Upper Confidence Level) based on nominal concentration are here reported
Time | ErC10 (mg/l) | ErC20 (mg/l) | ErC50 (mg/l) |
24 h | > 100 ( n.d. - n.d.) | > 100 ( n.d. - n.d.) | > 100 ( n.d. - n.d.) |
48 h | 82.76 (73.58 - 93.67) | > 100 ( n.d. - n.d.) | > 100 ( n.d. - n.d.) |
72 h | 53.86 (52.05 - 55.82) | 76.20 (73.37 - 79.41) | > 100 ( n.d. - n.d.) |
Time | EyC10 (mg/l) | EyC20 (mg/l) | EyC50 (mg/l) |
72 h | 28.31 (23.33 - 32.43) | 41.40 (38.49 - 44.07) | 65.66 (63.77 - 67.56) |
n.d. not determined
The EyCx calculation was performed using a non linear regression analysis after analyzing the normality of the distribution by Shapiro-Wilk W test and the homogeneity of the variances by modified Levene test.
Algal growth rate and inhibition caused by test item over 72 hours of exposure in comparison with control.
Nominal test item concentration [mg/l] |
24 h | 48 h | 72 h | |||
Mean growth rate (x 10-3) |
Mean inhibition % | Mean growth rate (x 10-3) |
Mean inhibition % | Mean growth rate (x 10-3) |
Mean inhibition % | |
0 | 96.7 | - | 93.3 | - | 79.5 | - |
10.0 | 101.1 | -4.5 | 92.0 | 1.3 | 78.9 | 0.7 |
17.8 | 97.0 | -0.3 | 92.2 | 1.1 | 79.1 | 0.4 |
31.6 | 98.4 | -1.7 | 90.8 | 2.7 | 76.7 | 3.5 |
56.2 | 101.3 | -4.7 | 88.7 | 4.9 | 71.0 | 10.7 |
100.0 | 103.9 | -7.4 | 80.8 | 13.3 | 54.8 | 31.1 |
Algal yield and growth inhibition caused by test item over 72 hours of exposure in comparison with negative control.
Nominal test item concentration [mg/l] | Mean biomass at 72 h (cell/ml) | Mean growth inhibition % |
0 | 3056003 | - |
10.0 | 2938986 | 3.8 |
17.8 | 2983689 | 2.4 |
31.6 | 2494312 | 18.4 |
56.2 | 1657764 | 45.9 |
100.0 | 516896 | 83.7 |
Effect of Set Retard Plus on the growth of Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata
Nominal test item concentration [mg/l] | Replicate | Cell density (n. cells x 104/ml) | |||
0 h | 24 h | 48 h | 72 h | ||
Negative control | A | 1 | 9.8875 | 83.5931 | 309.3186 |
B | 1 | 10.7180 | 87.0031 | 304.4886 | |
C | 1 | 8.8414 | 85.7431 | 301.0086 | |
D | 1 | 10.4811 | 93.0731 | 312.5086 | |
E | 1 | 10.2900 | 88.3431 | 305.2286 | |
F | 1 | 10.9300 | 89.8131 | 301.0486 | |
Average | 1 | 10.1913 | 87.9281 | 305.6003 | |
10.0 | A | 1 | 11.4055 | 82.5520 | 297.3286 |
B | 1 | 11.1355 | 83.8920 | 292.0286 | |
C | 1 | 11.3877 | 82.1020 | 292.3386 | |
Average | 1 | 11.3096 | 82.8487 | 293.8986 | |
17.8 | A | 1 | 10.1941 | 81.7965 | 298.2789 |
B | 1 | 10.2861 | 88.2465 | 296.1789 | |
C | 1 | 10.3001 | 80.5265 | 300.6489 | |
Average | 1 | 10.2601 | 83.5232 | 298.3689 | |
31.6 | A | 1 | 9.8271 | 75.4641 | 246.6579 |
B | 1 | 10.6721 | 81.3741 | 252.6879 | |
C | 1 | 11.3361 | 77.0141 | 248.9479 | |
Average | 1 | 10.6118 | 77.9508 | 249.4312 | |
56.2 | A | 1 | 10.6422 | 69.2180 | 168.2731 |
B | 1 | 12.3272 | 73.2860 | 163.4231 | |
C | 1 | 11.1612 | 69.2490 | 165.6331 | |
Average | 1 | 11.3769 | 70.5843 | 165.7764 | |
100.0 | A | 1 | 11.4089 | 51.0052 | 55.9893 |
B | 1 | 11.9569 | 49.4632 | 53.4103 | |
C | 1 | 12.9449 | 44.8282 | 45.6693 | |
Average | 1 | 12.1036 | 48.4322 | 51.6896 |
Description of key information
ErC50 (72h) > 100 mg/l (nominal)
EyC50 (72h): 65.66 mgl (nominal)
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- EC50 for freshwater algae:
- 100 mg/L
- EC10 or NOEC for freshwater algae:
- 53.86 mg/L
Additional information
The influence of the test item on the growth of the green algal species Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, formerly known as Selenastrum capricornutum, was investigated in a 72-hour full test according to the OECD Guideline No. 201, 2006.
The EC10, EC20 and EC50 for both the end-points after 72 hours were calculated based on the nominal concentrations tested.
Growth rate
EC10 (72h): 53.86 (52.05 -55.82)mg/l (nominal)
EC20 (72h): 76.20 (73.37 – 79.41)mg/l (nominal)
EC50 (72h) > 100 mg/l (nominal)
Yield(biomass)
EC10 (72h): 28.31 (23.33 – 32.43)mg/l (nominal)
EC20 (72h): 41.40 (38.49 – 44.07) mg/l (nominal)
EC50 (72h): 65.66 (63.77 – 67.56)mg/l (nominal)
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