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Diss Factsheets
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EC number: 235-227-6 | CAS number: 12136-45-7
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Eye irritation
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- eye irritation: in vivo
- Type of information:
- other: Published data
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment
- Justification for type of information:
- When Potassium oxide is hydrated is produced Potassium hydroxide. Therefore, the health effects of Potassium hydroxide need to be considered in the assessment of Potassium oxide According to the SIDS document for potassium hydroxide (30 January 2002), a Klimisch score of 2 was assigned since study is well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles and is acceptable for assessment
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Acute Toxicity of Cesium and Rubidium Compounds
- Author:
- Johnson GT et al
- Year:
- 1 975
- Bibliographic source:
- Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 32, 239-245
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 405 (Acute Eye Irritation / Corrosion)
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- grading of severity of the eye irritation was performed by a modification of the Draize method (1944)
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- grading of severity of the eye irritation was performed by a modification of the Draize method (1944)
- GLP compliance:
- no
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Potassium hydroxide
- EC Number:
- 215-181-3
- EC Name:
- Potassium hydroxide
- Cas Number:
- 1310-58-3
- Molecular formula:
- HKO
- IUPAC Name:
- potassium hydroxide
- Details on test material:
- - Name of test material (as cited in study report): Potassium hydroxide- Analytical purity: 85%
Constituent 1
Test animals / tissue source
- Species:
- rabbit
- Strain:
- other: Albino
- Details on test animals or tissues and environmental conditions:
- TEST ANIMALS
- albino rabbits
- Weight at study initiation: 2-3 kg
Test system
- Vehicle:
- water
- Controls:
- yes
- Amount / concentration applied:
- TEST MATERIAL
- Amount(s) applied (volume or weight with unit): 0.1 ml
- Concentration (if solution): 0.1, 0.5, 1.0 and 5.0% - Duration of treatment / exposure:
- 5 min or 24h
- Observation period (in vivo):
- 1, 24, 48 and 72 hr and 7 days
if any injury persisted : 14 and 21 days - Number of animals or in vitro replicates:
- 10
KOH (5%) : 1 animal (5min)
KOH (1%): 3 animals (24h)
KOH (0.5%): 3 animals (24h)
KOH (0.1%): 3 animals (24h) - Details on study design:
- TOOL USED TO ASSESS SCORE: fluorescein
REMOVAL OF TEST SUBSTANCE
- Washing (if done): 300 mL distilled water during 2 min
- Time after start of exposure: 5min or 24h
SCORING SYSTEM: modified Draize method: based upon the presence and the degree of ulceration or opacity of the cornea and iris and erythema, chemosis and ulceration or necrosis of the conjunctival mucosa
TOOL USED TO ASSESS SCORE: fluorescein
Results and discussion
In vivo
Resultsopen allclose all
- Irritation parameter:
- overall irritation score
- Basis:
- animal #1
- Time point:
- other: 5 min
- Score:
- 4
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- not reversible
- Remarks on result:
- other: KOH 5%: extremely irritant and corrosive
- Irritation parameter:
- overall irritation score
- Basis:
- animal: 2-4
- Time point:
- other: 5 min
- Score:
- 4
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- not reversible
- Remarks on result:
- other: KOH 1% : irritant
- Irritation parameter:
- overall irritation score
- Basis:
- animal: 2-4
- Time point:
- other: 24h
- Score:
- 4
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- not reversible
- Remarks on result:
- other: KOH 1%: irritant
- Irritant / corrosive response data:
- KOH 5%/5 min.: extremely irritant and corrosive (1 rabbit)
KOH 1%/5 min.: irritant (3 rabbits);
KOH 1%/24 hr: irritant (3 rabbits);
KOH 0.5%/24 hr: marginal (3 rabbits);
KOH 0.1%/24 hr: negative (3 rabbits).
Result: KOH 5% = corrosive
Any other information on results incl. tables
Quantitative details are reported in: Johnson et al (1972) Acute toxicity studies of cesium and rubidium compounds. Nat Inst Occupational Safety Health Tech Rep 74
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Interpretation of results:
- other: corrosive
- Remarks:
- KOH 5% Criteria used for interpretation of results: EU
- Conclusions:
- KOH 5%/5 min.: extremely irritant and corrosive
KOH 1%/5 min.: irritant
KOH 0.5%/24 hr: marginal
KOH 0.1%/24 hr: no ocular reactions in the eye
Result: corrosive
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