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EC number: 235-227-6 | CAS number: 12136-45-7
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Short-term toxicity to fish
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to fish
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 203 (Fish, Acute Toxicity Test)
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Analytical monitoring:
- not specified
- Vehicle:
- not specified
- Test organisms (species):
- other: Labeo rohita
- Details on test organisms:
- SPECIES #
(NAME): 202 Labeo rohita (Rohu)
AGE: NR
LIFE STAGE: not reported, unknown
COMMENT: 0.985 G - Test type:
- semi-static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 96 h
- Hardness:
- NR
- Test temperature:
- 21 to 25 °C
- pH:
- between pH 7.5 and 9.0.
- Dissolved oxygen:
- Saturated mg/l
- Salinity:
- SALINITY:NR
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- TYPE VALUE RANGES STANDARD CONC (ug/L ) IONCIC FRACTION
F 917600 910200 TO 925200 917600 (910200-925200) ug/L Ni
- Details on test conditions:
- TEST CONDITIONS
STUDY TYPE:
MEDIA: FW (Fresh water)
LOCATION: LAB (Laboratory, indoor)
CONTROL: S (sufficient control)
EXPOSURE TYPE: R ( semi-static)
APPLICATION FREQ.: NR
EXPOSURE DUR.: 96 hour(s)
STAND DUR. (D): 4 day(s
TEST CONCENTRATION
CHEM ANAL. METHOD: unmeasured
UNIT OF MEASURE: ug/L micrograms per liter
TYPE VALUE RANGES STANDARD CONC (ug/L ) IONCIC FRACTION
TYPE VALUE RANGES STANDARD CONC (ug/L ) IONCIC FRACTION
F 917600 910200 TO 925200 917600 (910200-925200) ug/L Ni
WATER QUALITY VALUE RANGE (UNIT)
TEMPERATURE: NR 21 TO 25 C
pH: NR 7.5 TO 9.0
HARDNESS: NR NR TO NR mg/L CaCO3
SALINITY: NR NR TO NR
ALKALINITY: NR NR TO NR NR
CONDUCTIVITY: NR NR TO NR NR
DISSOLVED OXYGEN: SAT NR TO NR mg/l
ORGANIC CARBON (NR): NR NR TO NR NR - Reference substance (positive control):
- not specified
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect conc.:
- 917.6 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality (fish)
- Remarks on result:
- other: Under the conditions of the present test Potassium oxide induced no mortality in Labeo rohita (Rohu) below 183.52 mg/l (NOEC). One of the 96h-LC50 was 917.6 mg/l
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect conc.:
- 939.7 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality (fish)
- Remarks on result:
- other: 904.5mg/l to 976.4 mg/l
- Duration:
- 24 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect conc.:
- 965.8 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality (fish)
- Remarks on result:
- other: 939.4mg/l to 992.9mg/l
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect conc.:
- 928.9 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality (fish)
- Remarks on result:
- other: 923.7 mg/l to 934.2 mg/l
- Details on results:
- EFFECT RESULTS
EFFECT: Mortality
TREND: NR
RESPONSE SITE:NR
% EFFECT: NR
EFFECT MEASUREMENT:Mortality
ENDPOINT
ENDPOINT: Lethal concentration to 50% of test organisms
ENDPOINT ASSIGN.: X
SIGNIFICANCE: NA
LEVEL: NA
BCF Value (F): NR ( NR to NR) - Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- Under the conditions of the present test Potassium oxide induced no mortality in Labeo rohita (Rohu) below 183.52 mg/l (NOEC). One of the 96h-LC50 was 917.6 mg/l
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to fish
- Type of information:
- (Q)SAR
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- results derived from a valid (Q)SAR model and falling into its applicability domain, with adequate and reliable documentation / justification
- Justification for type of information:
- QSAR prediction: US EPA accepted QSAR method for chemicals properties assessment.
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: QSAR
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- EPI Suite v 4.1/ECOSARv1.00
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Remarks:
- not applicable to QSAR models
- Analytical monitoring:
- not specified
- Vehicle:
- not specified
- Test organisms (species):
- other: Fishes species
- Details on test organisms:
- no further information
- Test type:
- other: QSAR model
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 96 h
- Hardness:
- not applicable. QSAR model
- Test temperature:
- not applicable. QSAR model
- pH:
- not applicable. QSAR model
- Dissolved oxygen:
- not applicable. QSAR model
- Salinity:
- not applicable. QSAR model
- Details on test conditions:
- -Name of test material (as cited in study report:Potassium oxide
CAS Number: 12136-45-7
SMILES : KOK
CHEM : Potash (potassium oxide)
MOL FOR: O1 K2
MOL WT : 94.20
Values used to Generate ECOSAR Profile
Log Kow: -1.380 (EPISuite Kowwin v1.68 Estimate)
Wat Sol: 1E+006 (mg/L, EPISuite WSKowwin v1.43 Estimate) - Reference substance (positive control):
- no
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect conc.:
- 16 062.827 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: (Q)SAR prediction
- Remarks on result:
- other: non-toxic as determined by (Q)SAR
- Details on results:
- A 96 h LC50 value of 16062.827 mg/L has been calculated for the effects of the test substance on the mortality of the fish taxonomic group. This result signifies that the test substance is not expected to be toxic.
A reliable 96 h LC50 value of 16062.827 mg/L has been calculated for the effects of the test substance towards fish taxonomic group.Therefore the test substance has been predicted to be non toxic. - Results with reference substance (positive control):
- A 96 h LC50 value of 16062.827 mg/L has been calculated for the effects of the test substance on the mortality of the fish taxonomic group. This result signifies that the test substance is not expected to be toxic.
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Remarks:
- US EPA accepted QSAR method for chemicals properties assessment.
- Conclusions:
- A 96 h LC50 value of 16062.827 mg/L has been calculated for the effects of the test substance on the mortality of the fish taxonomic group. This result signifies that the test substance is not expected to be toxic.
A reliable 96 h LC50 value of 16062.827 mg/L has been calculated for the effects of the test substance towards fish taxonomic group.Therefore the test substance has been predicted to be non toxic. - Executive summary:
The ECOSAR QSAR model predicts that the 96hr LC50 for freshwater fish would to be 16062.827 mg/l .This result signifies that the test substance is not expected to be toxic.
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to fish
- Type of information:
- other: Published data
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- test procedure in accordance with national standard methods with acceptable restrictions
- Justification for type of information:
- Test procedure in accordance with national standard methods with acceptable restrictions
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 203 (Fish, Acute Toxicity Test)
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Toxicity tests followed the general guidance of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) for conducting acute whole effluent toxicity tests:
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 1991. Methods for measuring the acute toxicity of effluents to freshwater and marine organisms, 4th ed. EPA/600/4-90/027. Cincinnati, OH.
and
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 1991. Methods for aquatic toxicity identification evaluations. Phase I toxicity characterization procedures, 2nd ed. EPA/600/6-91/003. Washington, DC.
The EPA test methods are in most parts equivalent or similar to OECD Guideline 203. - GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- Dissolved oxygen (DO) and pH were measured in selected test solutions during actual toxicity testing, primarily on solutions near the threshold for acute toxicity.
- Vehicle:
- not specified
- Details on test solutions:
- Test solutions were prepared by dissolving individual ion salts in moderately hard reconstituted water.
- Test organisms (species):
- Pimephales promelas
- Details on test organisms:
- Test organisms were obtained from in-house cultures (ENSR, Fort Collins, CO, USA); fathead minnows were 1 to 7 d old. Fathead minnow brood stock were cultured at 20 to 25°C in tap water that was pretreated with activated carbon. Eggs and larva were held in moderately hard reconstituted water; larva were fed brine shrimp nauplii (Artemia sp.) twice daily until they were used in testing.
- Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 96 h
- Post exposure observation period:
- not applicable
- Hardness:
- no data
- Test temperature:
- 21 to 25 °C
- pH:
- Measured pH varied according to the components of the solution (several inorganic salts were tested in this study) but is generally given to be between pH 7.5 and 9.0.
- Dissolved oxygen:
- Measured DO concentrations were always within an acceptable range (> 40% saturation).
Reference: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 1991. Methods for measuring the acute toxicity of effluents to freshwater and marine organisms, 4th ed. EPA/600/4-90/027. Cincinnati, OH. - Salinity:
- no data
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Test solution of potassium chloride was prepared by serially diluting a 10,000-mg/L stock solutions with MHRW to develop a series of test concentrations spaced on a 0.5 x dilution factor (i.e., 10,000, 5,000, 2,500, 1,250 mg/L). As testing proceeded and effect thresholds were determined, test concentrations were often spaced much more closely (e.g., 2,500, 2,000, 1,500, 1,000, 500 mg/L) to better define responses near the effect threshold.
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect conc.:
- 880 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- dissolved
- Basis for effect:
- mortality (fish)
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect conc.:
- 910 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- dissolved
- Basis for effect:
- mortality (fish)
- Duration:
- 24 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect conc.:
- 950 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- dissolved
- Basis for effect:
- mortality (fish)
- Details on results:
- Effect range is given from n=3 tests as >= 750 -<= 1020 mg/L. The arithmetic mean is given as 880 mg/L.
- Sublethal observations / clinical signs:
- Ion concentrations in the stock solution differed less than 20% from nominal concentrations (exact values not given) and, thus, nominal concentrations were used to give the result.
- Several inorganic salts were tested in this study and the following is given but does not detail if this information is relevant for potassium chloride:
In some analyses, the measured concentrations of cations and anions (expressed as milliequivalents or meq) in a salt solution were not similar. Because charge balance is a physical/chemical requirement, such solutions were further evaluated to determine which concentration (cation or anion) was closer to the nominal value. In all cases, the cation concentration was closer to the nominal value; based on this, the anion concentration in the stock solution was changed to the concentration (in meq) of the corresponding cation.
- To calculate ion concentrations in actual test solutions, the concentrations in the applicable stock solutions were multiplied by the relative proportion of each solution in the test solution. Because the dilution water (MHRW) also contained small concentrations of each ion, these background concentrations were then added to the calculated contributions from the stock solutions.
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not specified
- Conclusions:
- The publication of Mount et al. (1997) appears to be well documented and, thus, allows evaluation of the study. The study is reliable although validity criteria as given by OECD 203 are not fulfilled each or there is no data. As an example dissolved oxygen is reported to be > 40 %. However, several salts have been assessed and it is not indicated if dissolved oxygen was minor in the test with potassium chloride. In the worst case the reported effect would be lower than if caused by the test item which would result in a overestimation of the toxic effect.
- Executive summary:
Short-term toxicity of potassium chloride to fish (Pimephales promelas) was assessed according to US EPA methods (EPA/600/4-90/027, EPA/600/6-91/003) that are equivalent or similar to OECD 203 method and is given as 96 hour-LC50 = 880 mg/L (Mount, 1997).
Referenceopen allclose all
Description of key information
Under the conditions of the study of Palanisamy,R., and G. Kalaiselvi,1992, 96h-LC50 was 917.6 mg/l.
One of the 96h-LC50 with Potassium oxide was 917.6 mg/l
The ECOSAR QSAR model predicts that the 96hr LC50 for freshwater fish would to be 16062.827 mg/l .This result signifies that the test substance is not expected to be toxic to fishes.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Fresh water fish
Fresh water fish
- Effect concentration:
- 917.6 mg/L
Marine water fish
Marine water fish
- Effect concentration:
- 91.76 mg/L
Additional information
Under the conditions of the study of Palanisamy,R., and G. Kalaiselvi,1992, 96h-LC50 was 917.6 mg/l.
One of the 96h-LC50 with Potassium oxide was 917.6 mg/l
The ECOSAR QSAR model predicts that the 96hr LC50 for freshwater fish would to be 16062.827 mg/l .This result signifies that the test substance is not expected to be toxic to fishes.
The available data for saltwater fishes are limited and to obtaine the value for PNECs for saltwaters is taken account a assesment factor 10 to extrapolate to LC50 following the “Guidance on Information Requirement and Chemical Safety Assessment R.10: Characterisation of dose [concentration]- response for environment”and “Table R.10-5 Assessment factors proposed for deriving PNEC water for saltwater for different data sets”, to account for the possibility that greater taxonomic diversity in the marine environment makes it likely that some marine taxa may be more sensitive than the most sensitive freshwater taxa
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
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