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Diss Factsheets
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EC number: 204-876-7 | CAS number: 128-04-1
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to terrestrial arthropods
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to terrestrial arthropods: short-term
- Type of information:
- migrated information: read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- other information
- Study period:
- 26 January 1989- 25 January 1990
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: see 'Remark'
- Remarks:
- GLP - Guideline study, tested with the source substance zinc(bis) dimethyldithiocarbamate (CAS No. 137-30-4). In accordance to the ECHA guidance document “Practical guide 6: How to report read-across and categories (March 2010)”, the reliability was changed from RL1 to RL2 to reflect the fact that this study was conducted on an read-across substance
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 1 990
- Report date:
- 1990
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EPA OPP 141-1 (Honey Bee Acute Contact Toxicity)
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Application method:
- contact
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Ziram
- EC Number:
- 205-288-3
- EC Name:
- Ziram
- Cas Number:
- 137-30-4
- Molecular formula:
- C6H12N2S4Zn
- IUPAC Name:
- zinc bis(dimethyldithiocarbamate)
- Reference substance name:
- zinc bis dimethyldithiocarbamate
- IUPAC Name:
- zinc bis dimethyldithiocarbamate
Constituent 1
Constituent 2
Sampling and analysis
- Analytical monitoring:
- no
Test substrate
- Vehicle:
- yes
- Details on preparation and application of test substrate:
- Solution of ziram was prepared in dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO). The substance was used because ziram is insoluble in other solvents non-toxic to bees. The solubility of ziram in DMSO was found to be between 130 and 140 mg/L. DMSO does not interfere with absorption, distribution, metabolism or retention of ziram by the honeybees. DMSO does not alter the chemical properties of ziram or enhance, reduce or alter its toxic characteristics. DMSO does not affect the food and water consumption of the honeybees and DMSO does not produce physiological ewffects or have local or systemic activity to the honeybees.
Administration: bees of one cage at a time were lightly anaesthetised with carbon dioxide and a 1.0 µL droplet of the appropriate dilution of ziram was placed on the ventral surface of the thorax of each bee, using a micrometer syringe. The bees were then replaced in the cage.
Test organisms
- Test organisms (species):
- Apis mellifera
- Animal group:
- Hymenoptera (honeybees)
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Honey bee
- Source: Mr. R. Baker, 15 Abbots Crescent, St. Ives, Cambridgeshire, England
- Age at test initiation (mean and range, SD):
- Weight at test initiation (mean and range, SD):
- Date of collection:
- Cultural background (if honeybees):
- Disease free: yes / no
- Kept according to standard practices: yes / no
ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation period: Did not take place. Bees were dosed within 3-4 h of removal of the hide.
- Feeding: 20 % sucrose in water ad libitum
- Health during acclimation (any mortality observed): no information
Study design
- Study type:
- laboratory study
- Limit test:
- yes
- Total exposure duration:
- 48 h
Test conditions
- Test temperature:
- 24 ± 1 ºC
- Humidity:
- The test room humidity was not controlled with the range 40 - 80 % and was not recorded during the test period. Humidity is not important to bees provided that they have ad libitum fluid to drink.
- Photoperiod and lighting:
- In order to minimise stress, the tests were conducted in darkness except for essential procedures.
- Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test container / cage (material, size): cylindrical wire mesh cages 11.5 cm long × 4.0 cm diameter
- Details of emergence and fecundity chambers:
- No. of organisms per container (treatment): 10
- No. of replicates per treatment group: 10
- No. of replicates per per control : 2
VEHICLE CONTROL PERFORMED: no
TEST CONCENTRATIONS
-Final study
- Test concentrations: 100 µg/bee
- Range finding study
- Test concentrations: 0.01, 0.1, 1.0, 10, 100 µg/bee
- Results used to determine the conditions for the definitive study: yes - Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Nominal
Range finding test: 0.01, 0.1, 1.0, 10 and 100 µg/bee
Final test: 100 µg/bee
- Reference substance (positive control):
- no
Results and discussion
Effect concentrations
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LD50
- Effect conc.:
- > 100 µg per animal
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not specified
- Executive summary:
Materials and methods: The acute contact toxicity of ziram technical to honey bees was studied according to the EPA Pesticide Assessment Guidelines for Non-target Insects, Subdivision L, Series 141-1.
10 groups of 10 bees were all dosed at the maximum concentration of 100 µg/bee. 2 untreated control groups were also observed.
Results and discussion: After dosing the bees recovered normally from anaesthesia in 5-10 minutes. No abnormal behaviour was observed after 4, 24 and 48 hours and normal quantities of 20 % sucrose in water were taken during this period. Because only one concentration of ziram was tested no dose-related response was obtained and no statistical analysis was required.
Ziram technical has a low toxicity to bees with an LD50 greater than 100 µg/bee by contact application.
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