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EC number: 205-443-5 | CAS number: 140-93-2
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Endpoint summary
Administrative data
Description of key information
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Skin irritation / corrosion
Link to relevant study records
- Endpoint:
- skin irritation: in vivo
- Type of information:
- read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- comparable to guideline study
- Justification for type of information:
- The sodium salt xanthates is considered suitable as a key source of data for the others sodium salt xanthates
Considered valid for read-across for purposes of classification.
No further vertebrate testing can be justified. - Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- read-across source
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- read-across: supporting information
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 404 (Acute Dermal Irritation / Corrosion)
- Deviations:
- no
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Severe effects seen in three rabbits. Study terminated after 3 days for humane reasons
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Species:
- rabbit
- Strain:
- New Zealand White
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- Age: 4 monthWeight: 2.9 kg
- Type of coverage:
- occlusive
- Preparation of test site:
- shaved
- Vehicle:
- water
- Amount / concentration applied:
- 0,5 ml of water solution pH=10, containing 456,1g/dm3 of SIX, on 2,5x25cm of shaved skin
- Duration of treatment / exposure:
- 4 hours exposure
- Observation period:
- 1; 24; 48 and 72 h
- Number of animals:
- 3 male
- Irritation parameter:
- edema score
- Basis:
- mean
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 3
- Max. score:
- 3
- Reversibility:
- not fully reversible within: 72 hours
- Remarks on result:
- other: Terminated at 72 hours
- Irritation parameter:
- erythema score
- Basis:
- mean
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 4
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- not fully reversible within: 72 hours.
- Remarks on result:
- other: Terminated at 72 hours
- Irritant / corrosive response data:
- observation after 1h – bloody effusions, moderate swelling, oedema, after 24 ,48 and 72h – tinea on the exposition place and around redness, oedema.
- Interpretation of results:
- Category 1 (corrosive) based on GHS criteria
- Conclusions:
- Sodium isobutyl xanthate can be assessed as a substances strongly irritating skin of rabbits.
The sodium salt xanthates is considered suitable as a key source of data for the others sodium salt xanthates
Considered valid for read-across for purposes of classification.
No further vertebrate testing can be justified. - Executive summary:
Severe effects seen in three rabbits. Study terminated after 3 days for humane reasons
Reference
Animal nr | 1 24 48 72 | |
erythema | 1 | 4 4 4 4 |
2 | 4 - - - | |
3 | 4 4 4 4 | |
oedema | 1 | 3 3 3 3 |
2 | 3 - - - | |
3 | 3 3 3 3 |
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- adverse effect observed (corrosive)
Eye irritation
Link to relevant study records
- Endpoint:
- eye irritation: in vivo
- Remarks:
- Note that in-vivo eye irritation should not have been attempted in view of results of in-vivo skin irritation. These historical data are included for information only
- Type of information:
- read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- comparable to guideline study with acceptable restrictions
- Justification for type of information:
- Study provided on similar substance to help build up a weight of evidence demonstrating potential for read-across between the xanthates
Note that in-vivo eye irritation should not have been attempted in view of results of in-vivo skin irritation. These historical data are included for information only - Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- read-across source
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- read-across: supporting information
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 405 (Acute Eye Irritation / Corrosion)
- Deviations:
- not specified
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Species:
- rabbit
- Vehicle:
- water
- Amount / concentration applied:
- 0.1 ml/eye as water solution pH=10.1, containing 456,1g/dm3 of the substance
- Duration of treatment / exposure:
- introduced into the conjunctival sacs of the right eye
- Observation period (in vivo):
- Observation were made after 1h, 24, 48 hours and then after 7 days
- Number of animals or in vitro replicates:
- 1 male
- Details on study design:
- introduced into the conjunctival sacs of the right eye
- Irritation parameter:
- conjunctivae score
- Basis:
- mean
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 3
- Max. score:
- 3
- Reversibility:
- not reversible
- Remarks on result:
- probability of severe irritation
- Irritation parameter:
- iris score
- Basis:
- mean
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 3
- Max. score:
- 3
- Reversibility:
- not reversible
- Remarks on result:
- probability of severe irritation
- Irritation parameter:
- chemosis score
- Basis:
- mean
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 3
- Max. score:
- 3
- Reversibility:
- not reversible
- Remarks on result:
- probability of severe irritation
- Irritation parameter:
- cornea opacity score
- Basis:
- mean
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 3
- Max. score:
- 3
- Reversibility:
- not reversible
- Remarks on result:
- probability of severe irritation
- Irritation parameter:
- other: IIPO
- Time point:
- other: 7
- Score:
- 110
- Reversibility:
- not fully reversible within:
- Remarks on result:
- probability of severe irritation
- Irritation parameter:
- other: IIPO
- Time point:
- other: 1-48 h
- Score:
- 77.7
- Reversibility:
- not fully reversible within:
- Remarks on result:
- probability of severe irritation
- Irritant / corrosive response data:
- After 1h, ¾ of the cornea surface was clouded,in the iris was noted congestion. The conjunctiva was reddened, red beet color, oedema, and discharge on palpebra. After 24h and 48h the changes in eye became more intense, pupil was visible in lower part of the eye, details of iris was not visible, the pupil reacted slowly on light. After 7 days changes in the eye became more intense, ¾ of cornea was clouded, in lower part of the cornea details of iris was not visible. In the cojunctiva of the lower palpebra necrosis was noted.
NOTE : This study should have been terminated immediately - Interpretation of results:
- Category 1 (irreversible effects on the eye) based on GHS criteria
- Conclusions:
- Sodium isobutyl xanthate should be consider as seriously injured substance of the rabbit eyes.
The sodium salt xanthates is considered suitable as a key source of data for the others sodium salt xanthates
Considered valid for read-across for purposes of classification.
No further vertebrate testing can be justified. - Executive summary:
Study provided on similar substance to help build up a weight of evidence demonstrating potential for read-across between the xanthates
Note that in-vivo eye irritation should not have been attempted in view of results of in-vivo skin irritation. These historical data are included for information only
Reference
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- adverse effect observed (irreversible damage)
Respiratory irritation
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- no study available
Additional information
Sodium or potassium xanthates dissolved in water undergoes hydrolysis giving alkaline reaction. When xanthates are produced as a water solutions exes of alkali hydroxide is kept (pH >10) as a decomposition inhibitor.
Human information
Harmful and irritating in contact with skin. Contact may result in defatting of the skin, rash and dermatitis. Water solution containing sodium hydroxide may cause skin corrosion. Prolonged or repeated contact may result in burns. May be absorbed through skin with toxic effects.(Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety , CHEMINFO sodium ethyl xanthate, 03.08.2004)
A single case was reported of a worker exposed to xanthate powder and water solution by extensive skin contamination during mixing process of the flotation chemicals. Extensive skin contamination of the worker's skin was evident, from the chest down his skin stained green. The worker experienced abdominal pain, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, headache and felt faint, the illness began twenty hours after exposure and lasted for three days. He did not experience skin irritation except for some mild pruritus at the wrists. TTCA (2-thiothiazolidine-4-carboxilic acid), a metabolite of carbon disulfide, was detected in his urine sample.(Donoghue A.M., 1998, Occup. Med. vol. 48, No 7, pp469-470)
Mild dermatitis of sodium ethyl xanthate(CAS# 140-90-9) is the only lesion observed to date in man.(Gosselin R.E.at all, Clinical Toxicology of Commercial Products, 4th ed. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkinson, 1976 , II-211; http:// toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/sis/search/f?./temp )
Sodium isopropyl xanthate(CAS# 140-93-2)irritating to skin, eyes, mucous membrane, respiratory tract(The Merck Index , 9th ed., Merck & Co., Inc., 1976 , p. 1116; http:// toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/sis/search/f?./temp )
Skin irritation/corrosion
Sodium ethyl xanthate, sodium isobutyl xanthate or sodium isopropyl xanthate can be assessed as a substances strongly irritating skin of rabbits – IIPC factor accordingly 6.2 or 7.0.
An assessment of acid or alkali reserve.Sodium or potassium xanthates dissolved in water undergoes hydrolysis giving alkaline reaction. When xanthates are produced as a water solutions exes of alkali hydroxide is kept (pH >10) as a decomposition inhibitor.
A 32 year old male during a xanthate solution preparing became covered in xanthate powder and water solution staining his skin green from the chest down. Twenty hours later ,he experienced abdominal pain, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, headache and fatigue, and had mild itchiness at the wrists only. His symptoms resolved within 4 days. Many of the reported symptoms are consistent with carbon disulfide toxicity. A metabolite of carbon disulfide was detected in his urine.(Donoghue A.M. , Occupational Medicine, Vol. 37, no. 7, 1998, p. 469-470)
Skin irritation or skin corrosion
Effect level:
Test animal: rabbit
10% water solution: 1cm3/kg b.w. or 100mg/kg b.w. – no skin irritation
36,3% water solution: 0.175 cm3/kg b.w. or 73mg/kg b.w. – skin corrosion
Paste : 83.3mg/ cm2or 172.4mg/kg b.w. – skin corrosion
Discussion:
Skin irritation/corrosion
No skin irritation of tested rabbits, after application of 1 cm3/kg of 10% water solution of sodium ethyl xanthate (CAS# 140-90-9) (pH 10.5 – 11) pro shaved skin.
Application of 0.5 cm3of 36.3% water solution of sodium ethyl xanthate(CAS# 140-90-9) or sodium isobutyl xathate(CAS # 25306-75-6) pro 6.25 cm2patch of shaved skin of rabbits(4 hours exposure) cause skin corrosion.
Also skin corrosion was the result of application of 500 mg of potassium isobutyl xanthate (CAS# 13001-46-2) as a paste pro 6 cm3patch of rabbits skin.
Conclusion:
Solid xanthates or concentration solution of the compounds can be consider as substances causing skin corrosion.
Carbon disulphide vapour is a severe eye irritant.
Eye irritation/corrosion
An assessment of acid or alkali reserve.
Sodium or potassium xanthates dissolved in water undergoes hydrolysis giving alkaline reaction. When xanthates are produced as a water solutions exes of an alkali hydroxide is kept (pH >10) as a decomposition inhibitor.
Justification for classification or non-classification
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
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