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EC number: 221-374-3 | CAS number: 3081-01-4
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 2010-04-29 till 2010-06-28
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: GLP study, well described, performed according to a current OECD guideline
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 211 (Daphnia magna Reproduction Test)
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method C.20 (Daphnia magna Reproduction Test)
- Deviations:
- no
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- The method described in the Council Regulation (EC) No 440/2008, Method C.20 'Daphnia magna Reproduction Test'' (2008), which equals to the OECD Test guideline 211 (Daphnia magna Reproduction Test; adopted: Sept. 21, 1998), assesses adverse effects of various concentrations of a test item to a freshwater micro crustacean species within a 21 day exposure period under semi-static conditions.
The purpose of this method was to determine the NOEC and the LOEC for the parthenogenetic reproduction rate and, if possible, for the mortality/ immobilisation rate of parent Daphnia. If no adverse effects were recorded at a maximum test concentration of 10 mg/L (LOEC > 10 mg/L) no higher concentrations need to be tested. - GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- - examined by chemical analysis (HPLC) at 0 and 21 days
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- A stock solution was prepared to give the desired series of test concentrations. To achieve this 4.9 – 5.3 mg of the test item were added to 1 litre of dilution water (one exception on 2010-04-29 was made, 10.3 mg were added to 2 litres dilution water), treated for 1 h in an ultrasonic bath and stirred for 24 h on a magnetic stirrer. Finally undissolved particles of the test item were removed by filtration using folded filters of pore size 7-12 µm. The pH was measured to be pH 7.8 – 8.0.
To produce the different test item concentrations appropriate amounts of the stock solution were diluted with dilution water to a volume of 100 mL per replicate. For each test item concentration and control 10 replicates were prepared. - Test organisms (species):
- Daphnia magna
- Details on test organisms:
- Test species
- Name: Daphnia magna STRAUS, parthenogenetic females
- Source: Strain of Bundesgesundheitsamt Berlin
- Maintenance and Acclimatisation: A population of parthenogenetic females of synchronized age structure has been maintained for more than 15 years in the test facility under constant temperature conditions (20 +/- 1 °C) at a 16 : 8 hour light-dark photoperiod (illumination: < 1000 lux). The culture water (so-called 'M4 medium') was partly renewed once a week. The Daphnia were exclusively fed with unicellular green algae (Desmodesmus subspicatus) 'ad libitum'. Mortalities of parent Daphnia during the culture period were recorded daily in a semi-quantitative way. The neonates were separated from their parent Daphnia by filtration prior to the acute test. - Test type:
- semi-static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 21 d
- Hardness:
- 14.7 – 15.5 °dH (= 262.4 – 276.7 mg/L CaCO3)
- Test temperature:
- temperature range: 18 - 22 °C with a maximum temperature fluctuation of +/- 1 °C
- pH:
- 8.0 - 8.3
- Dissolved oxygen:
- 8.5 - 9.6 mg/L
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- The following nominal concentrations of the test item were tested in the acute test: 0.21, 0.47, 1, 2.3 and 5 mg/L.
- Details on test conditions:
- Exposure conditions
- Test vessels: 150 mL glass beakers holding 1 neonate in 100 mL of test medium
- Experimental design: 5 test concentration plus 1 control, 1 neonate per vessel, 10 replicates per concentration/control, semi-static system (renewal of the test media on Monday, Wednesday and Friday) respectively.
- Method of initiation: neonates were placed in prepared media
- Photoperiod: 16 h light: 8 h dark
- Light intensity: not exceeding 800 lux
- Temperature of incubation unit: 19.0 to 21.0 °C
- Aeration: none
- Test item concentration/s: 0.0032, 0.01, 0.032, 0.1 and 0.32 mg/L
- Food source and : Desmodesmus subspicatus
- feeding rate:day 0-7: 0.1 mg C / Daphnia / day
day 8-21: 0.2 mg C / Daphnia / day
- Duration of exposure: 21 days
- Criteria of effects: The criterion of adverse effects used in this study was the item-induced inhibitory effect on the parthenogenetic reproduction rate and the mobility behaviour/mortality rate of parent Daphnia, all effects being assessed at least three times a week - Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 0.028 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- reproduction
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 0.087 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- reproduction
- Details on results:
- The results are expressed in terms of time-weighted mean measured concentrations. Effective concentrations ranged from 95.0 – 103.1 % of the nominal values in the freshly prepared media and from 68.8 – 92.0 % in the media after 48 hours, or 72 hours of exposure, respectively.
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- The following validity criteria of the test were met:
The mortality rate in the controls did not exceed 20 % by the end of the test.
Living offspring produced per parent Daphnia surviving at the end of the test was = 60 in the controls.
The dissolved oxygen concentration remained above 3 mg/L throughout the exposure period.
The pH was within the range 6-9.
Water hardness was above the recommended value of 140 mg/L (as CaCO3). - Executive summary:
The chronic toxicity of 4 -Hydroxydiphenylamine to Daphnia magna was investigated in a static test according to Council Regulation (EC) No 440/2008, Method C.20 'Daphnia magna Reproduction Test'' (2008), which equals to the OECD Test guideline 211 (Daphnia magna Reproduction Test; 1998). After 21 days a NOEC of 0.028 mg/L and a LOEC of 0.087 mg/L was determined (Currenta, 2010).
Reference
Description of key information
The chronic toxicity of 4 -Hydroxydiphenylamine to Daphnia magna was investigated in a static test according to Council Regulation (EC) No 440/2008, Method C.20 'Daphnia magna Reproduction Test'' (2008), which equals to the OECD Test guideline 211 (Daphnia magna Reproduction Test; 1998). After 21 days a NOEC of 0.028 mg/L was determined.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Fresh water invertebrates
Fresh water invertebrates
- Effect concentration:
- 0.028 mg/L
Additional information
4-Hydroxydiphenylamine (4 -HPDA) is the hydrolysis product from N-(1,4-dimethylpentyl)-N'-phenylbenzene-1,4-diamine (7PPD). A secondary hydrolysis product is p-hydroquinone.
The lowest effect value in long-term tests was found for p-hydroquinone (0.007 mg/L, expressed in 7PPD equivalents) which is lower than the value for 4-HDPA (0.028 mg/L).Although p-hydroquinone is a secondary hydrolysis product of 7PPD, it was not chosen as a source of key value as the formation of p-Hydroquinone from 7PPD by hydrolysis is rather slow.
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