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Diss Factsheets
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EC number: 295-363-7 | CAS number: 92044-84-3
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
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Health surveillance data
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- health surveillance data
- Type of information:
- migrated information: read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- Not reported
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment
- Justification for data waiving:
- other:
Cross-referenceopen allclose all
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to same study
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to other study
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 1 989
Materials and methods
- Study type:
- biological exposure monitoring
- Endpoint addressed:
- acute toxicity: inhalation
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- The lung function parameters in zinc-coated mild steel welders were analysed 5 d before and after the work shifts.
- GLP compliance:
- no
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Zinc oxide
- EC Number:
- 215-222-5
- EC Name:
- Zinc oxide
- Cas Number:
- 1314-13-2
- Molecular formula:
- OZn
- IUPAC Name:
- oxozinc
- Details on test material:
- - Name of test material (as cited in study report): Zinc oxide
Constituent 1
Method
- Type of population:
- occupational
- Ethical approval:
- not specified
- Details on study design:
- Subjects:
- Welders, indirectly exposed non-welders (working in the vicinity of the welding line), and controls all worked in a coach work factory.
- All workers studied were Caucasian males.
- For number, age, height, weight, years worked in the exposure group, and smoking habits of the three groups, see ‘Table I’ in the attached PDF. Smoking habits are presented as the amount of packs of cigarettes smoked per day multiplied by the number of years smoked (pack years) (Beck et al., 1981). One pack contains 25 cigarettes and one cigar or pipe of tobacco is equivalent to two cigarettes.
- The mean number of years worked as a welder (in the group of welders) was 8.5 year (s.d.: 6.9 year).
Exposure Measurements:
- During the work shift, dust was sampled personally using P-2500 sampling pumps (DuPont, Wilmington, Delaware USA) and PAS-6 (inlet diameter of 6 mm) sampling heads. Whatman grade 41 paper filters were used (Whatman, Maidstone, GB) In the PAS-6 samplers.
- The amount of dust sampled was measured gravimetrically. The concentration of zinc was assessed according to NIOSH guidelines [1979] by Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS) after destruction of the filters in concentrated HN03. The detection limit of this method for the concentration of
zinc in the air was l.3 µg/m3
Lung-function Measurements:
- Spirometric lung function measurements of the subjects were conducted before and after the work shift on 5 consecutive days (Monday to Friday) using a Vicatest-5 dry "rolling-seal" spirometer (Mijnhardt B.V., The Netherlands)
- Lung function measurements and procedures concerning data selection were performed according to the standards of the European Community for Coal and Steel [Quanjer, 1983]
- Lung function parameters recorded were: Forced vital capacity (FVC), volume expired in the first second of an FVC test (FEV1), ratio FEV1/FVC, peak expiratory flow (PEF) rate, maximum expiratory flow rates at points of the FVC curve where 50 and 25 %, respectively of the vital capacity still has to be expired (MEF50 % and MEF25 %), and maximal mid-expiratory flow (MMEF) rate [NIOSH, 1979]. The changes of lung-function parameters over a work shift were calculated as the difference between the afternoon and the morning values.
Results and discussion
- Results:
- Exposure: The geometric mean of the personal dust exposure of the welders was significantly greater than that of both the exposed non-welders and the controls (Student's t: p < .05). Geometric mean concentrations for welders were 0.91 mg/m3 (dust) and 34.0 µg/m3 (zinc).The highest measured concentrations of welding fume was 5.1 mg/m3 and 8.0 mg/m3; 8 h TWA. For details see ‘Table II’ in the reference.
Symptoms: there were no differences in reported symptoms between the three groups and there were no indications of the occurrence of metal fume fever in the factory.
Lung Function: No differences in Monday morning values of the lung-function parameters were significant at the 5% significance level among welders, exposed non-welders, and controls, adjusted for height, age, and pack years smoked. For details see Table III in the reference.
The influence of ‘welding years’ was of borderline significance (p < .1; one-tailed F-test) for the FEV1 and for the ratio FEV1/FVC. An increasing number of welding years correlated with a decrease in values for these lung function parameters. For details of relation between lung function and ‘welding years’, see Table IV in the reference. Changes in lung function over a working wk: On average, all lung-function parameters showed higher values at the end of the work shift. Average changes within the exposure groups were also positive. Differences in mean changes between exposure groups were small compared to the intragroup variation and were considered not significant. There were no significant differences (p > .1) between the three groups in mean changes in lung function over the working wk (Friday afternoon value minus Monday morning value). For details see ‘Table V’ in the reference.
Any other information on results incl. tables
None
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- Under the conditions of the test, acute effects of exposure to welding fumes containing zinc were not demonstrated in exposed welder’s population
- Executive summary:
A study was conducted to analyse lung function in welders of zinc coated mild steel.
Spirometric lung-function measurements were conducted 5 d before and after the work shift of welders of zinc-coated steel, nonwelders who were indirectly exposed to welding fumes, and controls. The parameters recorded were forced vital capacity (FVC), volume expired in the first second of an FVC test (FEV1), ratio FEV1/FVC, peak expiratory flow (PEF) rate, maximum expiratory flow rates at points of the FVC curve where 50 and 25%,respectively of the vital capacity still has to be expired (MEF50% and MEF25%), and maximal mid-expiratory flow (MMEF) rate. The exposure to dust and zinc of all participants was monitored personally using sampling pumps and PAS-6 samplers.
Cross-sectional analysis of Monday morning values showed no differences in lung function parameters between groups. However, the number of years the participants were engaged in welding was of borderline statistical significance and correlated negatively with values of FEV1 and FEV1/FVC. Changes in lung function over a work shift or a working wk were not related to the exposure level.
Under the conditions of the test, acute effects of exposure to welding fumes containing zinc were not demonstrated in exposed welder’s population.
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