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EC number: 427-670-0 | CAS number: -
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 28 February 2011 - 18 March 2011
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: This study has been performed according to OECD and/or EC guidelines and according to GLP principles
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 2 011
- Report date:
- 2011
Materials and methods
Test guidelineopen allclose all
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 201 (Alga, Growth Inhibition Test)
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method C.3 (Algal Inhibition test)
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- ISO 8692 (Water Quality - Fresh Water Algal Growth Inhibition Test with Scenedesmus subspicatus and Selenastrum capricornutum)
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: Guidance document on aquatic toxicity testing of difficult substances and mixtures, OECD series on testing and assessment number 23, December 14, 2000.
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
Test material
- Details on test material:
- - Substance type: Yellow-brown powder
- Lot/batch No.: 00120R
Constituent 1
Sampling and analysis
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- During the final test samples for possible analysis were taken from all test concentrations and the control according to the schedule below. In addition, the filter was retained for possible analysis of the residue.
Frequency at t=0 h, t=24 h and t=72 h
Volume 2 ml
Storage Samples were stored in a freezer until analysis.
At the end of the exposure period, the replicates with algae were pooled at each concentration before sampling. As in the test group prepared at a loading rate of 32 mg/l one replicate had darker colour than the remaining replicates a separate sample was taken from this replicate. Two remaining replicates were pooled.
Test solutions
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- The batch of the substance tested was a yellow-brown powder. The test substance was not completely soluble in test medium at the loading rates initially prepared.
Preparation of the test solutions started with individually prepared loading rates of 1.0, 3.2, 10, 32 and 100 mg/l applying a 2-day period of magnetic stirring to achieve maximum dissolution in test medium. The obtained aqueous mixture was filtered through a 0.45 µm membrane filter (Whatman, rc 55) and the clear and colourless filtrates were used as test concentrations. The lowest test concentration was prepared by subsequent dilution of the filtrate prepared at the loading rate of 3.2 mg/l in test medium.
After preparation, volumes of 50 ml were added to each replicate of the respective test concentration. Subsequently, 1 ml of an algal suspension was added to each replicate providing a cell density of 10^4 cells/ml.
Test organisms
- Test organisms (species):
- Raphidocelis subcapitata (previous names: Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, Selenastrum capricornutum)
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata
- Strain: NIVA CHL 1.
- Source (laboratory, culture collection): In-house laboratory culture
- Age of inoculum (at test initiation):4 days before the start of the test, cells from the algal stock culture were inoculated in culture medium at a cell density of 1 x 10E4 cells/ml.
- Method of cultivation: Algae stock cultures were started by inoculating growth medium with algal cells from a pure culture on agar. The suspensions were continuously aerated and exposed to light (60 to 120 µE/m2/s when measured in the photosynthetically effective wavelength range of 400 to 700 nm. in a climate room at a temperature of 21-24°C.
Study design
- Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 72 h
- Remarks on exposure duration:
- -
- Post exposure observation period:
- none
Test conditions
- Hardness:
- 0.24 mmol(24 mg CaCO3/L)
- Test temperature:
- The temperature of the test medium was 22.2°C at the start of the test. During the exposure period the temperature measured in the incubator was maintained between 22.3 and 23.6°C.
- pH:
- 8.0 -8.3
- Dissolved oxygen:
- not measured; vessels were continously shaken
- Salinity:
- not measured
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- See table below in materials and methods.
At the start of the test, the actual test concentrations were 0.81 mg/l, 1.5 mg/l, 7.3 mg/l, 11 mg/l, and 23 mg/l at the individually prepared loading rates of 1.0, 3.2, 10, 32 and 100 mg/l, respectively. In the solution containing 10% of the filtrate prepared at a loading rate of 3.2 mg/l the initially measured concentration was 0.14 mg/l. All concentrations remained stable during the first 24 hours of exposure (91-101% of initial).
At the end of the test, only the lowest concentration had slightly decreased (72% of initial), while all higher concentrations remained stable (90-103%of initial).
The concentration measured in the highest test concentration incubated without algae showed similar trend as corresponding concentration with algae.
Based on these results, the Time Weight Average (TWA) concentrations were calculated. - Details on test conditions:
- FINAL STUDY:
TEST SYSTEM
- Type: open
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: 100 ml, normal headspace, 50 ml
- Aeration: no
- Initial cells density: 10000 cells/ml
- Control end cells density: 1192000 cells/ml (rapport: Mean cell densities (x 104 cells/ml) during the final test)
Replicates:
3 replicates of each test concentration,
6 replicates of the control,
1 replicate of each concentration without algae,
1 or 2 replicates of each test concentration for sampling purposes.
GROWTH MEDIUM
- Standard medium used: yes
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Sterile test conditions: no
- Adjustment of pH: no
- Photoperiod: continuous
- Light intensity and quality: Continuously using TLD-lamps of the type ‘Cool-white’ of 30 Watt, with a light intensity within the range of 76 to 88 µE.m-2.s-1
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) :
72 h NOErC, 72 h NOEyC, 72 h ErC50, 72 h EyC50
TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Spacing factor for test concentrations: 3.2
- Test concentrations: control and 0.45 µm filtered solutions prepared at loading rates of 1.0, 3.2, 10, 32 and 100 mg/l. In addition a ten-fold dilution of the filtrate prepared at a loading rate of 3.2 mg/l - Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7)
Results and discussion
Effect concentrationsopen allclose all
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 0.12 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (TWA)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Remarks on result:
- other: -
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 0.12 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (TWA)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: yield
- Remarks on result:
- other: -
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 1 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (TWA)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Remarks on result:
- other: CI 95%: 0.47 – 2.1 mg/l
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 0.24 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (TWA)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: yield
- Remarks on result:
- other: CI 95%: 0.12 – 0.49 mg/l
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 25 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (TWA)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Remarks on result:
- other: Ci 95% : 12 – 54 mg/l
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 1.8 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (TWA)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: yield
- Remarks on result:
- other: Ci 95% : 0.90 – 3.5 mg/l
- Details on results:
- Microscopic observations at the end of the test revealed a normal and healthy appearance of the exposed cells when compared to the control.
Inhibition of yield increased with increasing concentration of the test substance from 0.77 mg/l upwards resulting in 91% inhibition at the highest concentration tested. Statistically significant inhibition of yield was found at the TWA concentrations of 0.77 mg/l and higher (Bonferroni t test, α = 0.05). - Results with reference substance (positive control):
- Potassium dichromate reduced growth rate of this fresh water algae species at nominal concentrations of 0.56 mg/l and higher.
The EC50 for growth rate reduction (ERC50: 0-72h) was 1.4 mg/l with a 95% confidence interval ranging from 1.1 to 1.9 mg/l.
The EC50 for yield inhibition (EYC50: 0-72h) was 0.56 mg/l with a 95% confidence interval ranging from 0.34 to 0.94 mg/l - Reported statistics and error estimates:
- Growth rates were in the range of the controls at the lowest concentration tested, whereas the growth rate of algae exposed to higher concentrations were increasingly reduced. Reduction of growth rate decreased as exposure progressed at all concentrations.
Statistically significant reduction of growth rate was found at the TWA concentrations of 0.77 mg/l and higher (Bonferroni t test, α = 0.05).
Inhibition of yield increased with increasing concentration of test substance from 0.77 mg/l upwards resulting in 91% inhibition at the highest concentration tested. Statistically significant inhibition of yield was found at the TWA concentrations of 0.77 mg/l and higher (Bonferroni t test, α = 0.05).
Any other information on results incl. tables
TWA1conc. test substance (mg/l) |
Mean growth rate |
Yield (0-72 h) |
||
µ (0-72 h) |
Reduction2(%) |
x104cells/ml |
Inhibition2(%) |
|
control |
0.06640 |
|
118.87 |
|
0.12 |
0.06708 |
-1.0 |
124.33 |
-4.6 |
0.77 |
0.06138 |
7.6 |
82.50 |
30.6 |
1.5 |
0.05662 |
14.7 |
58.33 |
50.9 |
7.3 |
0.04557 |
31.4 |
25.83 |
78.3 |
11 |
0.03909 |
41.1 |
16.25 |
86.3 |
23 |
0.03336 |
49.8 |
10.17 |
91.4 |
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- Under the conditions of the present study with Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, the test substance reduced growth rate and inhibited the yield of this fresh water algae species significantly at a TWA concentration of 0.77 mg/l and higher.
The EC50 for growth rate reduction (ERC50: 0-72h) was 25 mg/l with a 95% confidence interval ranging from 12 to 54 mg/l, based on TWA concentrations.
The EC50 for yield inhibition (EYC50: 0-72h) was 1.8 mg/l with a 95% confidence interval ranging from 0.90 to 3.5 mg/l, based on TWA concentrations.
The NOEC for growth rate reduction and yield inhibition was 0.12 mg/l.
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