Alcohols, C16-18

Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Link to relevant study record(s)

Reference

Reference 1

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment

Justification for type of information:

Alcohols, C16-18 is a member and is from Long Chain Alcohols (C6-22 primary aliphatic alcohols) category.
The Long Chain Alcohols (C6-22 primary aliphatic alcohols) category is considered suitable as a source of data for Alcohols, C16-18.
Considered valid for read-across for purposes of classification.
No further vertebrate testing can be justified.

Long Chain Alcohols (C6-22 primary aliphatic alcohols) category covers a family of 30 primary aliphatic alcohols within a carbon chain length range of C6-C22. Commercial products generally include several aliphatic alcohol components, with a range of carbon chain lengths present. The family consists of alcohols with varying compositions and structures. Composition depends on the route to manufacture and the related feedstocks. Most of the alcohols have linear carbon chains but certain manufacturing processes create branched structures. Data are also available for eleven other similar substances, which support the category. Non-sponsored alcohols may not be HPV or may not be produced by members of the consortium, but have structures similar to sponsored linear alcohols.

Key points are that the members share:
• The same structural features
• Similar metabolic pathways
• Common mode of ecotoxicological action
• Common levels and mode of human health related effects.

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

read-across: supporting information

Qualifier:

equivalent or similar to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 202 (Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test)

GLP compliance:

not specified

Analytical monitoring:

no

Vehicle:

yes

Details on test solutions:

PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION (especially for difficult test substances)

- Method: Two methods of test medium preparation were used as reported in Bengtsson (1984):
(1) C11 was dissolved in acetone,
(2) Tween 80 was dissolved at 10% (by weight) of 96% ethyl alcohol and was shaken until an emulsion was obtained. This emulsion was added in 10% (by volume) to filtered brackish water and the mixture was shaken again for a couple of minutes until a new emulsion was obtained. It was considered that 100 ppm of this emulsion could be used as a solvent for the higher alcohols without any risk for the test animals.

- Chemical name of vehicle (organic solvent, emulsifier or dispersant): acetone

- Concentration of vehicle in test medium (stock solution and final test solution): concentration never exceeded 500 ul/L

Test organisms (species):

Nitocra spinipes

Details on test organisms:

TEST ORGANISM

- Source: laboratory culture, not specified

- Age at study initiation (mean and range, SD): 3-6 week old adults

- Feeding during test: no

Test type:

static

Water media type:

brackish water

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

96 h

Post exposure observation period:

Not reported

Hardness:

Not reported

Test temperature:

21 deg C

pH:

7.9

Dissolved oxygen:

>5.0 mg/L measured at the end of the test

Salinity:

7%o

Nominal and measured concentrations:

> 6 concentrations and a control, details not reported.

Details on test conditions:

TEST SYSTEM

- Test vessel: test tubes

- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: 15ml standard laboratory test tubes, filled with 10 ml volume

- Aeration: no

- No. of organisms per vessel: 10

- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 2

- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 2


TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS

- Source/preparation of dilution water: natural brackish water from a depth of 4 m, filtered before use

- Alkalinity: 1.6 megv/L


OTHER TEST CONDITIONS

- Adjustment of pH: no attempt to adjust pH was carried out.

- Photoperiod: 12 h dark, 12 h light cycle


EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) : mortality, after 96 h


TEST CONCENTRATIONS

- Spacing factor for test concentrations: Logarithmic series of at least 6 concentrations

Reference substance (positive control):

no

Key result

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Effect conc.:

0.8 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

not specified

Basis for effect:

mortality

Remarks on result:

other: water/acetone

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Effect conc.:

1.1 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality

Remarks on result:

other: Water/Tween 80

Details on results:

Mortality of control: not reported

Reported statistics and error estimates:

LC(I)50, defined as the initial concentration killing 50% of the test organisms during the 96 h, was determined by probit analysis (a slightly modified version of the BMD, Biomedical Computer Programs, 025).

RESULTS: EXPOSED
LC50 = 1.1 mg/l (Water/acetone)
LC50 = 0.8 mg/l (Water/Tween 80)
based on nominal concentrations

RESULTS: CONTROL
Number/% showing adverse effects: Not reported

Validity criteria fulfilled:

not specified

Conclusions:

96 h LC50 values of 0.8 mg/L with acetone and 1.1 mg/L with Tween 80 as solvents have been determined for the effect of the test substance on the mortality of the brackish water invertebrate Nitocra spinipes.

Reference 2

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

1994-09-19 to 1994-09-24

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

guideline study with acceptable restrictions

Justification for type of information:

Alcohols, C16-18 is a member and is from Long Chain Alcohols (C6-22 primary aliphatic alcohols) category.
The Long Chain Alcohols (C6-22 primary aliphatic alcohols) category is considered suitable as a source of data for Alcohols, C16-18.
Considered valid for read-across for purposes of classification.
No further vertebrate testing can be justified.

Long Chain Alcohols (C6-22 primary aliphatic alcohols) category covers a family of 30 primary aliphatic alcohols within a carbon chain length range of C6-C22. Commercial products generally include several aliphatic alcohol components, with a range of carbon chain lengths present. The family consists of alcohols with varying compositions and structures. Composition depends on the route to manufacture and the related feedstocks. Most of the alcohols have linear carbon chains but certain manufacturing processes create branched structures. Data are also available for eleven other similar substances, which support the category. Non-sponsored alcohols may not be HPV or may not be produced by members of the consortium, but have structures similar to sponsored linear alcohols.

Key points are that the members share:
• The same structural features
• Similar metabolic pathways
• Common mode of ecotoxicological action
• Common levels and mode of human health related effects.

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

read-across: supporting information

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 202 (Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test)

GLP compliance:

not specified

Analytical monitoring:

not specified

Vehicle:

no

Details on test solutions:

PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION (especially for difficult test substances)

- Method: A stock solution with a nominal concentration of 100 mg/L was prepared using Elendt M7. A 260 mg sample of test substance was dispersed in distilled water with sonication at 50 degrees C.

- Evidence of undissolved material (e.g. precipitate, surface film, etc): Particulate 1-tetradecanol was observed in the test media at the highest test concentration and debris (assumed to be test material) was observed adsorbed to Daphnids at all concentrations above 0.1 mg/L. Some Daphnids were observed in the surface layer, at all concentrations of 1-tetradecanol. Such observations are common when testing poorly soluble chemicals close to or above their water solubility limit.

Test organisms (species):

Daphnia magna

Details on test organisms:

TEST ORGANISM

- Source: not reported

- Age at study initiation (mean and range, SD): <24 h old

- Method of breeding: not reported

- Feeding during test: no


ACCLIMATION

- Acclimation period: not reported

Test type:

semi-static

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

48 h

Hardness:

149 as CaCO3 mg/l

Test temperature:

19.3

pH:

7.4

Dissolved oxygen:

8.8 mg/l

Nominal and measured concentrations:

Nominal concentrations: 0.0, 0.032, 0.1, 0.32, 1.0, 3.2 and 10.0 mg/L tetradecanol

Details on test conditions:

TEST SYSTEM

- Test vessel: dishes

- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: Each exposure vessel (120 mL crystallising dish) was filled with approximately 100 mL test medium

- Aeration: none

- No. of organisms per vessel: 10

- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 2

- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 2


TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS

- Source/preparation of dilution water: not reported

- Culture medium different from test medium: not reported

- Intervals of water quality measurement: daily


OTHER TEST CONDITIONS

- Adjustment of pH: not reported

- Photoperiod: 16 h light, 8 h dark

- Light intensity: not reported


EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) : immobility was determined every 24 h


TEST CONCENTRATIONS

- Spacing factor for test concentrations: 0.3

- Range finding study: not reported

Reference substance (positive control):

not specified

Key result

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

EC50

Effect conc.:

3.2 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

act. ingr.

Basis for effect:

mobility

Remarks on result:

other: non-toxic at the solubility limit

Details on results:

- Mortality of control: 0%

- Effect concentrations exceeding solubility of substance in test medium: yes. Several of the test concentrations exceeded the water solubility of 1-tetradecanol, 0.19 mg/L

Reported statistics and error estimates:

The 48-hour EC50 based on nominal concentrations was 4 mg/L (75% immobility observed at the highest concentration).

Table 1. Summary of immortalities.

 

Nominal concentration (mg/l)	% immobility
	24 h	48 h
0	0	0
0.032	0	0
0.1	0	0
0.32	0	0
1.0	0	10
3.2	0	50
10	20	75

 

 

The Authors of the report remarked: "Given the likely influence of particulate test substance on the Daphnia, this result should be used with caution."

Validity criteria fulfilled:

yes

Conclusions:

A reliable EC50 value of 3.2 mg/l has been determined for the effects of tetradecanol on the immobility of the freshwater invertebrate D. magna. The effects seen need to be treated with caution because the formation of droplets in most of the test concentrations. However in the range of the limit of solubility (1.9 mg/l) only 10% mortalities were observed, therefore the EC50 is >Limit of Solubility.

Reference 3

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

1992-02-05 to 1992-02-07

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

comparable to guideline study with acceptable restrictions

Remarks:

The study was conducted according to a national standard method, and in compliance with GLP. No analytical monitoring was carried out.

Justification for type of information:

Alcohols, C16-18 is a member and is from Long Chain Alcohols (C6-22 primary aliphatic alcohols) category.
The Long Chain Alcohols (C6-22 primary aliphatic alcohols) category is considered suitable as a source of data for Alcohols, C16-18.
Considered valid for read-across for purposes of classification.
No further vertebrate testing can be justified.

Long Chain Alcohols (C6-22 primary aliphatic alcohols) category covers a family of 30 primary aliphatic alcohols within a carbon chain length range of C6-C22. Commercial products generally include several aliphatic alcohol components, with a range of carbon chain lengths present. The family consists of alcohols with varying compositions and structures. Composition depends on the route to manufacture and the related feedstocks. Most of the alcohols have linear carbon chains but certain manufacturing processes create branched structures. Data are also available for eleven other similar substances, which support the category. Non-sponsored alcohols may not be HPV or may not be produced by members of the consortium, but have structures similar to sponsored linear alcohols.

Key points are that the members share:
• The same structural features
• Similar metabolic pathways
• Common mode of ecotoxicological action
• Common levels and mode of human health related effects.

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

read-across: supporting information

Qualifier:

equivalent or similar to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 202 (Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test)

Deviations:

yes

Remarks:

no range finding test, no analytical monitoring

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

other: German Industry Standard DIN 38412, Part 11

Principles of method if other than guideline:

METHOD FOLLOWED: German standard methods for the examination of water, waste water and sludge; bioassays (group L); determination of the effect of substances in water on microcrustaceans (Daphnia Shorttime Test)(L11). DIN 38412, Part 11.
This method corresponds to the OECD Guideline 202, part 1. DEVIATIONS FROM GUIDELINE: not reported
STATISTICAL METHODS: not reported
METHOD OF CALCULATION: EC50 was calculated according to Stephan (square root of EC0 * EC100)

GLP compliance:

not specified

Analytical monitoring:

not specified

Vehicle:

no

Details on test solutions:

PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION

- Method: test substance was weighed and applied directly into the test vessels

Test organisms (species):

Daphnia magna

Details on test organisms:

TEST ORGANISM

- Strain: identical to that of BGA / WaBoLu

- Source: own breed

- Age at study initiation (mean and range, SD): not reported.

- Feeding during test: no



ACCLIMATION

- Acclimation period: bred in house

- Acclimation conditions (same as test or not): not reported.

- Type and amount of food: Chlorella kessleri, amount not reported

Test type:

static

Water media type:

saltwater

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

48 h

Test temperature:

20-21 degC

pH:

average: 7.9-8.1

Dissolved oxygen:

90-100% saturation

Nominal and measured concentrations:

Nominal concentrations: 0, 10, 30, 100, 300 and 1000 mg/L.

Details on test conditions:

TEST SYSTEM

- Test vessel: not reported

- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 2

- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 2



TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS

- Source/preparation of dilution water: synthetic water according to DIN 38412, Part 11

- Intervals of water quality measurement: pH and oxygen were measured at 24 and 48 h.


OTHER TEST CONDITIONS

- Adjustment of pH: not reported

- Photoperiod: not reported

- Light intensity: not reported


EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) : immobility at 24 and 48 h.

Reference substance (positive control):

no

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

EC0

Effect conc.:

1 000 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mobility

Remarks on result:

other: non-toxic at the limit of solubility

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

EC50

Effect conc.:

1 700 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mobility

Remarks on result:

other: non-toxic at the limit of solubility

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

EC100

Effect conc.:

3 000 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mobility

Remarks on result:

other: non-toxic at the limit of solubility

Details on results:

- Mortality of control: <10%

- Effect concentrations exceeding solubility of substance in test medium: yes, the effect of the test substance was determined at concentrations well above the limit of solubility of the test substance (0.0011 mg/L at 25 degC.

Reported statistics and error estimates:

EC50 was calculated according to Stephan (square root of EC0 * EC100).

Table 1. Summary of findings.

Concentration mg/L	Replicate (#)	Mortality 24 h (%)	Mortality 48 h (%)
0	1	0	0
0	2	0	0
1000	1	0	0
1000	2	0	0
3,000	1	0	100
3,000	2	10	100
10,000	1	0	100
10,000	2	10	100

Effect data (Immobilisation): up to loadings of 1000 mg/l no immobilisation, at 3000 mg/l and 10000 mg/l 100% immobilisation.

 

Validity criteria fulfilled:

no

Remarks:

concentration tested above the Limit of Solubility.

Conclusions:

A 48h EC50 value of 1700 mg/L has been determined for the effects of octadecanol on the mobility of Daphnia magna. The EC50 was obtained at a concentration above the Limit of Solubility (LoS) . The water solubility of octadecanol is 0.0011 mg/L at 25oC .Therefore the LC50 value is >0.0011 mg/L (>LoS), i.e. the test substance was not toxic at the LoS.

Executive summary:

A 48h EC50 value of 1700 mg/L has been determined for the effects of octadecanol on the mobility of Daphnia magna. The EC50 was obtained at a concentration above the Limit of Solubility (LoS) . The water solubility of octadecanol is 0.0011 mg/L at 25oC .Therefore the LC50 value is >0.0011 mg/L (>LoS), i.e. the test substance was not toxic at the LoS.

Reference 4

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Type of information:

(Q)SAR

Adequacy of study:

weight of evidence

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

results derived from a valid (Q)SAR model and falling into its applicability domain, with adequate and reliable documentation / justification

Justification for type of information:

QSAR prediction: US EPA accepted QSAR method for chemicals properties assessment.

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

other: QSAR model

Principles of method if other than guideline:

EPI Suite v 4.0/ECOSARv1.00

GLP compliance:

no

Remarks:

not applicable. QSAR model

Analytical monitoring:

not required

Vehicle:

no

Test organisms (species):

other: Mysid shrimp

Details on test organisms:

Scientific name: Americamysis bahia
Common name: Opossum shrimp, Mysid shrimp, Mysids

Test type:

other: QSAR model

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

96 h

Hardness:

not applicable. QSAR model

Test temperature:

not applicable. QSAR model

pH:

not applicable. QSAR model

Dissolved oxygen:

not applicable. QSAR model

Salinity:

not applicable. QSAR model

Nominal and measured concentrations:

not applicable. QSAR model

Details on test conditions:

CAS Number: 67762-27-0
SMILES : CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO
CHEM : Alcohols, C16-18
MOL FOR: C16 H34 O1
MOL WT : 242.45
Log Kow: 6.73 (KowWin estimate)
Wat Sol: 0.0412 mg/L (experimental database)

Reference substance (positive control):

not required

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Effect conc.:

0 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

other: (Q)SAR prediction

Remarks on result:

other: non-toxic at the limit of solubility, as determined by (Q)SAR

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Effect conc.:

4.35 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

other: (Q)SAR prediction

Remarks on result:

other: Predicted, at water solubility loading rates of 1000 mg/L

Details on results:

The ECOSAR QSAR model predicts that LC50 for fresh water species Mysid shrimp would to be 0.000435 mg/l .This result signifies that the test substance is not expected to be toxic at the limit of solubility. This result is above the LoS (limit of solubility), therefore the substance is non-toxic at the limit of LoS and LC50 is >LoS.

A 96 h LC50 value of 0.000435 mg/L has been calculated for the effects of the test substance on the mortality of the Mysid shrimp. This result signifies that the test substance is not expected to be toxic at the limit of solubility. This result is above the LoS (limit of solubility), therefore the substance is non-toxic at the limit of LoS and LC50 is >LoS.
A reliable 96 h LC50 value of 4.35 mg/L has been calculated for the effects of the test substance towards Mysid shrimp. Therefore the test substance has been predicted to be non toxic at the limit of solubility, so the LC50 is 0.000435 mg/L. Predicted to be non-toxic at the limit of solubility.

Overview of QSARs estimations on short-term aquatic toxicity of  

Alcohols, C16-18

to Mysid shrimp   

 

Method	Results	Remarks	Reference
QSAR estimate	Mysid Shrimp, 96 -hr, LC50= 0.000435 mg/L (ppm) Mysid Shrimp (SW), 30-day, ChV (chronic value) = 9.24e-006 mg/L (ppm)	Reliable with restrictions, QSAR estimated data	ECOSAR Program (v1.00)

     

Mysid Shrimp, 96 -hr, LC50= 0.000435 mg/L (ppm)

Mysid Shrimp (SW), 30-day, ChV (chronic value) = 9.24e-006 mg/L (ppm)

 

 

Validity criteria fulfilled:

yes

Remarks:

US EPA accepted QSAR method for chemicals properties assessment.

Conclusions:

The ECOSAR QSAR model predicts that LC50 for fresh water species Mysid shrimp would to be 0.000435 mg/l .This result signifies that the test substance is not expected to be toxic at the limit of solubility. This result is above the LoS (limit of solubility), therefore the substance is non-toxic at the limit of LoS and LC50 is >LoS.

A 96 h LC50 value of 0.000435 mg/L has been calculated for the effects of the test substance on the mortality of the Mysid shrimp. This result signifies that the test substance is not expected to be toxic at the limit of solubility. This result is above the LoS (limit of solubility), therefore the substance is non-toxic at the limit of LoS and LC50 is >LoS.
A reliable 96 h LC50 value of 4.35 mg/L has been calculated for the effects of the test substance towards Mysid shrimp. Therefore the test substance has been predicted to be non toxic at the limit of solubility, so the LC50 is 0.000435 mg/L. Predicted to be non-toxic at the limit of solubility.

Executive summary:

The ECOSAR QSAR model predicts that LC50 for fresh water species Mysid shrimp would to be 0.000435 mg/l .This result signifies that the test substance is not expected to be toxic at the limit of solubility. This result is above the LoS (limit of solubility), therefore the substance is non-toxic at the limit of LoS and LC50 is >LoS. A 96 h LC50 value of 0.000435 mg/L has been calculated for the effects of the test substance on the mortality of the Mysid shrimp. This result signifies that the test substance is not expected to be toxic at the limit of solubility. This result is above the LoS (limit of solubility), therefore the substance is non-toxic at the limit of LoS and LC50 is >LoS. A reliable 96 h LC50 value of 4.35 mg/L has been calculated for the effects of the test substance towards Mysid shrimp. Therefore the test substance has been predicted to be non toxic at the limit of solubility, so the LC50 is 0.000435 mg/L. Predicted to be non-toxic at the limit of solubility.

 

 

Reference 5

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Type of information:

(Q)SAR

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

results derived from a valid (Q)SAR model and falling into its applicability domain, with adequate and reliable documentation / justification

Justification for type of information:

QSAR prediction: US EPA accepted QSAR method for chemicals properties assessment.

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

other: QSAR model

Principles of method if other than guideline:

EPI Suite v 4.0/ECOSARv1.00

GLP compliance:

no

Remarks:

not applicable. QSAR model

Analytical monitoring:

not required

Vehicle:

no

Test organisms (species):

other: Daphnid species

Test type:

other: QSAR model

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

48 h

Hardness:

not applicable. QSAR model

Test temperature:

not applicable. QSAR model

pH:

not applicable. QSAR model

Dissolved oxygen:

not applicable. QSAR model

Salinity:

not applicable. QSAR model

Nominal and measured concentrations:

not applicable. QSAR model

Details on test conditions:

-Name of test material (as cited in study report:Alcohols, C16-18
SMILES : CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO
CHEM : Alcohols, C16-18
MOL FOR: C16 H34 O1
MOL WT : 242.45
Log Kow: 6.73 (KowWin estimate)
Wat Sol: 0.0412 mg/L (experimental database)

Reference substance (positive control):

not required

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Effect conc.:

0.014 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

other: (Q)SAR prediction

Remarks on result:

other: non-toxic at the limit of solubility, as determined by (Q)SAR

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

EC50

Effect conc.:

140 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

other: (Q)SAR prediction

Remarks on result:

other: Predicted, at an water solubility loading rates of 1000 mg/L

Details on results:

The ECOSAR QSAR model predicts that LC50 for fresh water species Daphnid would to be 0.014 mg/l .This result signifies that the test substance is not expected to be toxic at the limit of solubility.This result is above the LoS (limit of solubility), therefore the substance is non-toxic at the limit of LoS and LC50 is >LoS.This is about 1000 times the water solubility of the test substance.
A reliable 48 h EC50 value of >140 mg/L has been calculated for the effects of the test substance towards Daphnia magna. Therefore the test substance has been predicted to be non toxic at the limit of solubility, so the EC50 is >0.014 mg/L.
The water solubility of the Alcohols, C16-18 is 0.0412 mg/l at 25 degC (experimental database). This is about 10000 times the water solubility of the test substance.

Overview of QSARs estimations on short-term aquatic toxicity of Alcohols, C16-18

to Daphnid

 

Method	Results	Remarks	Reference
QSAR estimate	Daphnid , 48-hr LC50 =0.014 mg/L (ppm)   Daphnid, 30-day, ChV (chronic value) = 0.004 mg/L (ppm)	Reliable with restrictions, QSAR estimated data	ECOSAR Program (v1.00)

 

Using the EPIWIN ECOSAR QSAR model aLC50 for fresh water Daphnid of 0.014mg/l was established. 

 

Daphnid , 48-hr LC50 =0.014 mg/L (ppm)

Daphnid, 30-day, ChV (chronic value) = 0.004 mg/L (ppm

This result signifies that the test substance is not expected to be toxic at the limit of solubility.This result is above the LoS (limit of solubility), therefore the substance is non-toxic at the limit of LoS and LC50 is >LoS.This is about 1000 times the water solubility of the test substance.

Validity criteria fulfilled:

yes

Remarks:

US EPA accepted QSAR method for chemicals properties assessment.

Conclusions:

The ECOSAR QSAR model predicts that LC50 for fresh water species Daphnid would to be 0.014 mg/l .This result signifies that the test substance is not expected to be toxic at the limit of solubility.This result is above the LoS (limit of solubility), therefore the substance is non-toxic at the limit of LoS and LC50 is >LoS. This is about 1000 times the water solubility of the test substance.
A reliable 48 h EC50 value of >140 mg/L has been calculated for the effects of the test substance towards Daphnia magna. Therefore the test substance has been predicted to be non toxic at the limit of solubility, so the EC50 is >0.014 mg/L.
The water solubility of the Alcohols, C16-18 is 0.0412 mg/l at 25 degC (experimental database). This is about 10000 times the water solubility of the test substance.

Executive summary:

The ECOSAR QSAR model predicts that LC50 for fresh water species Daphnid would to be 0.014 mg/l .This result signifies that the test substance is not expected to be toxic at the limit of solubility.This result is above the LoS (limit of solubility), therefore the substance is non-toxic at the limit of LoS and LC50 is >LoS.

A reliable 48 h EC50 value of >140 mg/L has been calculated for the effects of the test substance towards Daphnia magna. Therefore the test substance has been predicted to be non toxic at the limit of solubility, so the EC50 is >0.014 mg/L.

The water solubility of the Alcohols, C16-18 is 0.0412 mg/l at 25 degC (experimental database). This is about 10000 times the water solubility of the test substance.

Description of key information

The ECOSAR QSAR model predicts that LC50 for fresh water species Daphnid would to be 0.014 mg/l .This result signifies that the test substance is not expected to be toxic at the limit of solubility.This result is above the LoS (limit of solubility), therefore the substance is non-toxic at the limit of LoS and LC50 is >LoS.
A reliable 48 h EC50 value of >140 mg/L has been calculated for the effects of the test substance towards Daphnia magna. Therefore the test substance has been predicted to be non toxic at the limit of solubility, so the EC50 is >0.014 mg/L.
The water solubility of the Alcohols, C16-18 is 0.0412 mg/l at 25 degC (experimental database). This is about 10000 times the water solubility of the test substance.
A 48h EC50 value of 1700 mg/L has been determined for the effects of octadecanol on the mobility of Daphnia magna. The EC50 was obtained at a concentration above the Limit of Solubility (LoS) . The water solubility of octadecanol is 0.0011 mg/L at 25oC .Therefore the LC50 value is >0.0011 mg/L (>LoS), i.e. the test substance was not toxic at the LoS.
The available data for marine water short-term to aquatic invertebrate are limited and to obtaine the value for PNECs for saltwaters is taken account a assesment factor 10 to extrapolate to LC50 following the “Guidance on Information Requirement and Chemical Safety Assessment R.10: Characterisation of dose [concentration]- response for environment”and “Table R.10-5 Assessment factors proposed for deriving PNEC water for saltwater for different data sets”, to account for the possibility that greater taxonomic diversity in the marine environment makes it likely that some marine taxa may be more sensitive than the most sensitive freshwater taxa.
 
48-hr LC50(Salt water) = 14 mg/L (ppm)

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Fresh water invertebrates

Fresh water invertebrates

Dose descriptor:

EC50

Effect concentration:

140 mg/L

Marine water invertebrates

Marine water invertebrates

Dose descriptor:

EC50

Effect concentration:

14 mg/L

Additional information

The ECOSAR QSAR model predicts that LC50 for fresh water species Daphnid would to be 0.014 mg/l .This result signifies that the test substance is not expected to be toxic at the limit of solubility.This result is above the LoS (limit of solubility), therefore the substance is non-toxic at the limit of LoS and LC50 is >LoS.

A reliable 48 h EC50 value of >140 mg/L has been calculated for the effects of the test substance towards Daphnia magna. Therefore the test substance has been predicted to be non toxic at the limit of solubility, so the EC50 is >0.014 mg/L.

The water solubility of the Alcohols, C16-18 is 0.0412 mg/l at 25 degC (experimental database). This is about 10000 times the water solubility of the test substance.

A 48h EC50 value of 1700 mg/L has been determined for the effects of octadecanol on the mobility of Daphnia magna. The EC50 was obtained at a concentration above the Limit of Solubility (LoS) . The water solubility of octadecanol is 0.0011 mg/L at 25oC .Therefore the LC50 value is >0.0011 mg/L (>LoS), i.e. the test substance was not toxic at the LoS.

The available data for marine water short-term to aquatic invertebrate are limited and to obtaine the value for PNECs for saltwaters is taken account a assesment factor 10 to extrapolate to LC50 following the “Guidance on Information Requirement and Chemical Safety Assessment R.10: Characterisation of dose [concentration]- response for environment”and “Table R.10-5 Assessment factors proposed for deriving PNEC water for saltwater for different data sets”, to account for the possibility that greater taxonomic diversity in the marine environment makes it likely that some marine taxa may be more sensitive than the most sensitive freshwater taxa.

 

48-hr LC50(Salt water) = 14 mg/L (ppm)