Benzenesulfonic acid, 4-C20-24 (even numbered) sec-alkyl derivs., sodium salts

Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Link to relevant study record(s)

Reference

Reference 1

Endpoint:

long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Type of information:

migrated information: read-across based on grouping of substances (category approach)

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

1996-08-26 to 1998-31-03

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: Acceptable methods; well documented

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

reference to same study

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

reference to other study

Qualifier:

equivalent or similar to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 211 (Daphnia magna Reproduction Test)

Deviations:

no

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Invertebrates were caged in the tail pools of environmental stream mesocosms (the P&G Environmental Stream Facility, ESF) during a 56-day testing program with C12 LABS Na (see section 6.1.8). Caged invertebrates were exposed for 32 days (chronic test).

GLP compliance:

no

Specific details on test material used for the study:

Details on properties of test surrogate or analogue material (migrated information):
N/A

Analytical monitoring:

yes

Details on sampling:

- Concentrations: All concentrations
- Sampling method: Water samples collected from both the stream mesocosm and the effluent stream.
- Sample storage conditions before analysis: Water samples were preserved with 1 - 3.5% formalin and were transported to P&G laboratories in Cincinnati.
NOTE: the analytical measurements are detailed in the robust summary of the stream mesocosm test (see section 6.1.8).

Vehicle:

no

Details on test solutions:

PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION (especially for difficult test substances)
- Method: The test chemical was metered into river water and allowed to flow through the streams on a continuous flow, once through basis. Details of test solution preparation and application to the experimental streams can be found in section 6.1.8.
- Eluate: N/A
- Differential loading: N/A
- Controls: River water only
- Chemical name of vehicle (organic solvent, emulsifier or dispersant): N/A
- Evidence of undissolved material (e.g. precipitate, surface film, etc): N/A

Test organisms (species):

other: Corbicula, Elimia species, Hyalella azteca

Details on test organisms:

TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Asiatic clam, freshwater snails, common scud (amphipod)
- Strain: N/A
- Source: Clams and snails were obtained from the Lower East Fork of the Little Miami River in the vicinity of Milford, Ohio. Hyalella azteca came from an in-house culture with original organisms obtained from Charles River Aquatic Research Organisms, Hampton, N.H.
- Age at study initiation (mean and range, SD): N/A
- Weight at study initiation (mean and range, SD): Asiatic clam (Corbicula) mean weight 0.70 g (SD 0.09 g), snails (Elimia species) mean weight 0.36 g (SD 0.092 g), amphipod (Hyalella azteca) mean weight 0.0027 g (SD 0.0006 g)
- Length at study initiation (length definition, mean, range and SD): Asiatic clam (Corbicula) mean length 10.9 mm (SD 0.44 mm)
- Valve height at study initiation, for shell deposition study (mean and range, SD): N/A
- Peripheral shell growth removed prior to test initiation: N/A
- Method of breeding: N/A
- Feeding during test: No. Food was not added to the stream mesocosm during the test. However, there is food naturally present in the dilution water (river water).
- Food type: Organisms were placed in the stream tail pools and allowed to feed on particles and organisms in the water.
- Amount: N/A
- Frequency: N/A


ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation period: 7 days (day -6 to 0)
- Acclimation conditions (same as test or not): same as test
- Type and amount of food: allowed to feed on particles and organisms in the water column
- Feeding frequency: N/A
- Health during acclimation (any mortality observed): N/A


QUARANTINE (wild caught)
- Duration: N/A
- Health/mortality: N/A

Test type:

flow-through

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

32 d

Remarks on exposure duration:

The stream mesocosms were dosed with C12 LABS Na for 56 days. The caged invertebrates were exposed to C12 LABS Na for 32 days in the tail pools.

Post exposure observation period:

N/A

Hardness:

140 mg/L as CaC03 (average), SD 25 mg/L

Test temperature:

18 °C (average), SD 3.6 °C

pH:

7.8 - 8.3

Dissolved oxygen:

8.1 mg/L (average), SD 0.96 mg/L

Salinity:

N/A

Nominal and measured concentrations:

Nominal- 0 (control), 0.15, 0.3, 1.0, 3.0 mg/L
Measured- 0 (control), 0.126, 0.293, 0.927, 2.98 mg/L. Measured concentrations were 84 to 99% nominal. Results are based on measured concentrations.

Details on test conditions:

NOTE: the stream mesocosm is described in detail in robust summaries in section 6.1.8.
TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel:
- Type (delete if not applicable): open
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: A series of 10 meter long streams. There were five streams used in the current test. Each stream was at a unique concentration of C12LAS. The streams consist of a head tank, a gentle sloping (2 degree) periphyton region which is 40 cm across and 4 meters long, a macroinvertebrate region (4 degree slope, 60 cm x 4 meters), and a tail pool. The periphyton region contains unglazed terra cotta tiles to support a periphyton community. The macroivertebrate region contains cobble packed into trays for sampling of invertebrate communities.
- Aeration: natural aeration
- Type of flow-through (e.g. peristaltic or proportional diluter): continuous flow
- Renewal rate of test solution (frequency/flow rate): N/A
- No. of organisms per vessel: 20 of each species
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 1
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 1
- No. of vessels per vehicle control (replicates): N/A
- Biomass loading rate: N/A


TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: River water from the Lower East Fork of the Little Miami River in Milford, OH
- Total organic carbon: 7.2 mg/L average (SD 4.9 mg/L)
- Particulate matter: N/A
- Metals: N/A
- Pesticides: N/A
- Chlorine: N/A
- Alkalinity: 120 mg/L average as CaC03 (SD 17 mg/L)
- Ca/mg ratio: N/A
- Conductivity: 320 µmhos/cm
- Culture medium different from test medium: no
- Intervals of water quality measurement: Water quality parameters were monitored throughout the test and change based on the meteorological and hydrological conditions in the area.


OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH: no
- Photoperiod: N/A
- Light intensity: N/A


EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) : Mortality and growth on days 0, 8, 16, and 32.

TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Spacing factor for test concentrations: 2-3
- Range finding study: No

Reference substance (positive control):

no

Duration:

32 d

Dose descriptor:

other: Corbicula: EC20

Effect conc.:

0.36 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

meas. (arithm. mean)

Conc. based on:

act. ingr.

Basis for effect:

growth

Remarks:

weight

Remarks on result:

other: 95% CL 0.278 - 0.470

Duration:

32 d

Dose descriptor:

other: Corbicula: EC20 based on body burden

Effect conc.:

0.044 other: mmoles/kg

Nominal / measured:

meas. (arithm. mean)

Conc. based on:

act. ingr.

Basis for effect:

growth

Remarks:

weight

Remarks on result:

other: EC20 body burden values for growth endpoints calculated using the nonlinear interative technique of Bruce and Versteeg. (95% CL 0.0360 - 0.0546)

Duration:

32 d

Dose descriptor:

other: Corbicula: EC50

Effect conc.:

0.61 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

meas. (arithm. mean)

Conc. based on:

act. ingr.

Basis for effect:

growth

Remarks:

weight

Remarks on result:

other: 95% CL 0.519 - 0.720

Duration:

32 d

Dose descriptor:

other: EBB50 (Corbicula)

Effect conc.:

0.05 other: mmoles/kg

Nominal / measured:

meas. (arithm. mean)

Conc. based on:

act. ingr.

Basis for effect:

growth

Remarks:

weight

Remarks on result:

other: EBB50 values for growth endpoints calculated using the nonlinear interative technique of Bruce and Versteeg. (95% CL 0.0454 - 0.0560)

Duration:

32 d

Dose descriptor:

other: EC20 (Corbicula)

Effect conc.:

0.27 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

meas. (arithm. mean)

Conc. based on:

act. ingr.

Basis for effect:

growth

Remarks:

length

Remarks on result:

other: 95% CL 0.204 - 0.352

Duration:

32 d

Dose descriptor:

other: EBB20 (Corbicula)

Effect conc.:

0.035 other: mmoles/kg

Nominal / measured:

meas. (arithm. mean)

Conc. based on:

act. ingr.

Basis for effect:

growth

Remarks:

length

Remarks on result:

other: EBB20 values for growth endpoints calculated using the nonlinear interative technique of Bruce and Versteeg. (95% CL 0.031 - 0.0405)

Duration:

32 d

Dose descriptor:

other: EC50 (Corbicula)

Effect conc.:

0.64 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

meas. (arithm. mean)

Conc. based on:

act. ingr.

Basis for effect:

growth

Remarks:

length

Remarks on result:

other: 95% CL 0.540 - 0.760

Duration:

32 d

Dose descriptor:

other: Corbicula: EC50 based on body burden

Effect conc.:

0.048

Nominal / measured:

meas. (arithm. mean)

Conc. based on:

act. ingr.

Basis for effect:

growth

Remarks:

length

Remarks on result:

other: EC50 body burden values for growth endpoints calculated using the nonlinear interative technique of Bruce and Versteeg. (95% CL 0.0449 - 0.0521)

Duration:

32 d

Dose descriptor:

other: NOEC (Elimia)

Effect conc.:

2.9 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

meas. (arithm. mean)

Conc. based on:

act. ingr.

Basis for effect:

other: survival

Duration:

24 d

Dose descriptor:

other: Elimia: EC20 based on body burden

Effect conc.:

0.031 other: mmoles/kg

Nominal / measured:

meas. (arithm. mean)

Conc. based on:

act. ingr.

Basis for effect:

growth

Remarks:

weight

Duration:

24 d

Dose descriptor:

other: Hyalella: EC20

Effect conc.:

0.95 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

meas. (arithm. mean)

Conc. based on:

act. ingr.

Basis for effect:

other: survival

Remarks on result:

other: Hyalella chronic test ended on day 24 as control mortality increased on day 32. (95% CL 0.597 - 1.29)

Duration:

24 d

Dose descriptor:

other: Hyalella: EC20 based on body burden

Effect conc.:

0.18 other: mmoles/kg

Nominal / measured:

meas. (arithm. mean)

Conc. based on:

act. ingr.

Basis for effect:

other: survival

Remarks on result:

other: Hyalella chronic test ended on day 24 as control mortality increased on day 32. EBB20 values for growth endpoints calculated using the nonlinear interative technique of Bruce and Versteeg. (95% CL 0.113 - 0.245)

Duration:

24 d

Dose descriptor:

other: Hyalella: EC50

Effect conc.:

1.7 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

meas. (arithm. mean)

Conc. based on:

act. ingr.

Basis for effect:

other: survival

Remarks on result:

other: Hyalella chronic test ended on day 24 as control mortality increased on day 32. (95% CL 1.33 - 2.16)

Duration:

24 d

Dose descriptor:

other: Hyalella: EC50 based on body burden

Effect conc.:

0.32 other: mmoles/kg

Nominal / measured:

meas. (arithm. mean)

Conc. based on:

act. ingr.

Basis for effect:

other: survival

Remarks on result:

other: Hyalella chronic test ended on day 24 as control mortality increased on day 32. EBB50 values for growth endpoints calculated using the nonlinear interative technique of Bruce and Versteeg. (95% CL 0.252 - 0.410)

Details on results:

N/A

Results with reference substance (positive control):

N/A

Reported statistics and error estimates:

Uptake and depuration were modeled as first order processes using BIOFAC to derive update (ku), depuration (kd), and kinetic bioconcentration factors (BCFkin) (Blau and Agin, 1978). Steady state bioconcentration factors (BCFss) were based on the ratio of measured body burdens to measured water concentrations. LC50 values were determined using the Bionomial or Probit methods. LBB50 (body burden associated with 50% mortality) were estimated from the BCF * LC50 and were based on the most appropriate BCF (kinetic or state state). The nonlinear iterative technique of Bruce and Versteeg (1992) was used to determine the ECx and EBBx values; where EC refers to the effective concentration in water that reduces the biological endpoint x% from controls, and EBB refers to the body burden concentration at which the biological endpoint was reduced x%. When an ECx could not be calculated, the NOEC is used and the body burden measured at that exposure concentration is reported.

Table 1. Concentration of C12LAS (mean (standard deviation), mg/L) and isomer distribution in streams during toxicity and accumulation portions of the study.

Nominal concentration mg/L	Measured^1C12LABS Na mg/L	C12LABS Na^2isomer total mg/L	Isomer position
			2-phenyl %	3-phenyl %	4-phenyl %	5,6-phenyl %
0	LQL^3	LQL	LQL	LQL	LQL	LQL
0.15	0.126 (0.026)	0.165 (0.078)	32.6 (0.31)	19.7 (0.32)	15.2 (0.21)	32.5 (0)
0.30	0.293 (0.162)	0.296 (0.232)	33.5 (0.53)	19.6 (0.16)	14.8 (0.14)	32.1 (0.40)
1.0	0.927 (0.074)	0.830	33.8	19.4	15.0	31.9
3.0	2.98 (0.224)	2.78 (0.100)	35.2 (0.45)	19.7 (0.08)	14.6 (0.21)	30.4 (0.29)

¹LC analysis of total LABS Na.

²LC-MS analysis.

³Less than the quantitation limit.

Table 2. Summary of acute and chronic endpoints for invertebrate species.

Species	LC50 (95% CL)	LC50 (body burden) (95% CL)	Endpoint	32 day chronic exposure
				EC20 mg/L	EC20 (body burden) mmoles/kg	EC50 (95% CL) mg/L	EC50 (body burden) (95% CL) mmoles/kg
Asiatic clam (Corbicula)	> 3.0	> 0.078	Survival	NE	NE	NE	NE
			Weight	0.36 (0.278 - 0.470)	0.044 (0.0360 - 0.0546)	0.61 (0.519 - 0.720)	0.050 (0.0454 - 0.0560)
			Length	0.27 (0.204 - 0.352)	0.035 (0.031 - 0.0405)	0.64 (0.540 - 0.760)	0.048 (0.0449 - 0.0521)
Snails (Elimia species)	> 3.0	> 0.096	Survival	NE	NE	NE	NE
			Weight	N/A^1	0.031	N/A	N/A
Amphipod (Hyalella azteca)^1	3.1 (2.53 - 4.24)	0.59 (0.480 - 0.804)	Survival	0.95 (0.597 - 1.29)	0.18 (0.113 - 0.245)	1.7 (1.33 - 2.16)	0.32 (0.252 - 0.410)

NE = No effect for this endpoint, EC20 and NOEC greater than highest exposure concentration.

¹The 24 day NOEC was 0.29 (32 day weights not available). However, snail growth was poor in controls and all treatments, and this endpoint is not considered reliable.

²Hyalella chronic test ended on day 24 as control mortality increased on day 32.

Note: acute toxicity tests are described in detail in sections 6.1.3 (acute invert).

Table 3. Body burdens of C12 LABS Na isomers and total C12 LAB Na.

Species	C12LAB Na Exposure Concentration (mg/L)	Body Burden (mmoles/kg)
		Total C12 LAB Na	Isomer position
			2-phenyl	3-phenyl	4-phenyl	5,6-phenyl
Asiatic clam (Corbicula)	LQL	0.0021	0.0009	0.0004	0.0003	0.0005
	0.126	0.0119	0.0075	0.0019	0.0009	0.0015
	0.293	0.0188	0.0125	0.0031	0.0011	0.0022
	0.927	0.0550	0.0406	0.0064	0.0026	0.0054
	2.98	0.0810	0.0604	0.0091	0.0044	0.0072
Snails (Elimiaspecies)	LQL	0.0048	0.0024	0.0011	0.0006	0.0006
	0.126	0.0153	0.0088	0.0039	0.0011	0.0016
	0.293	0.0312	0.0175	0.0052	0.0023	0.0062
	0.927	0.0493	0.0302	0.0055	0.0040	0.0095
	2.98	0.0965	0.0599	0.0129	0.0083	0.0153
Amphipod (Hyalella azteca)	LQL	0.0249	0.0104	0.0062	0.0041	0.0041
	0.126	0.0429	0.0180	0.0090	0.0070	0.0089
	0.293	0.0307	0.0174	0.0057	0.0038	0.0038
	0.927	0.176	0.0872	0.0299	0.0241	0.0346

Corbicula, Elimia, and Hyalella were exposed to C12LAB Na for 32 days.

Validity criteria fulfilled:

yes

Remarks:

Validity criteria for OECD 211 fulfilled.

Conclusions:

The chronic toxicity of C12 LAB Na was determined for 3 aquatic invertebrates, which were caged in the tailpools of a stream mesocosm study. The EC20s were 0.27 mg/L (Corbicula, based on growth), 2.9 mg/L (Elimia, based on survival; NOEC), and 0.95 mg/L (Hyalella, based on survival). Results are based on mean measured concentrations.

Executive summary:

The chronic toxicity of C12 LABS Na was determined in a 32 day test with 3 aquatic invertebrates (Corbicula, Elimia, Hyalella). The invertebrates were caged in the tail pools of an environmental stream mesocosm study of C12 LABS Na. Toxicity was based on water concentrations at which adverse effects were observed. Results were also calculated based on the tissue concentrations at which adverse effects were observed.

Invertebrates were exposed to nominal concentrations of 0, 0.15, 0.30, 1.0, and 3.0 mg a.i./L. Mean measured concentrations were 84 -99% of nominal, and results are based on measured concentrations. The invertebrates were acclimated to the stream mesocosm for 7 days prior to exposure to C12 LABS Na. On days 0, 8, 16, and 32, the invertebrates were examined for growth and survival. There was one replicate per concentration--one stream, one tailpool per test concentration.

The results can be summarized as follows:

Invertebrate              Endpoint              Value (mg/L)              Based on

Corbicula                 EC20 (32 days)       0.27                     growth (length)

Elimia                      NOEC (32 days)       2.9                      survival

Hyalella                    EC20 (24 days)       0.95                     survival

The data are for a C12 LABS Na and when normalized to a C11.6 LABS Na, the value is 0.39 mg/L for Corbicula fluminea, 4.15 mg/L for Elimia and 1.36 mg/L for Hyallea aztecia (method: van de Plassche et al., 1999).

Reference 2

Endpoint:

long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

From Mar. 07, 1983 to Aug. 12, 1983

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: Acceptable, well-documented study report which meets basic scientific principles

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

reference to same study

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

reference to other study

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

other: Comotto (1982), and Mount & Norberg (1983)

Deviations:

no

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Not applicable

GLP compliance:

no

Specific details on test material used for the study:

Details on properties of test surrogate or analogue material (migrated information):
Not applicable

Analytical monitoring:

no

Details on sampling:

N/A

Vehicle:

no

Details on test solutions:

PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION:
- Test solutions were prepared by adding the test material from a stock solution, prepared in deionized water, to the test water.

Test organisms (species):

Ceriodaphnia sp.

Details on test organisms:

TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Water flea
- Strain/clone: Not reported
- Justification for species other than prescribed by test guideline: The standard chronic invert test uses Daphnia magna, and is 21 days. Ceriodaphnia, another water flea, is an alternate to Daphnia magna. The Ceriodaphnia chronic test is 7 days. Ceriodaphnia is similar in sensitivity to Daphnia.
- Source: Not reported
- Age of parental stock: Neonate Ceriodaphnia (¿24 h old)
- Feeding during test: Yes
- Food type: Diet of baker's yeast, or a mixture of algae, trout chow and alfalfa.
- Amount: Feeding amount was same as of stock cultures
- Frequency: Feeding frequency was same as of stock cultures

ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation period: Acclimated to test conditions (water/diet) combination for at least two generations.
- Acclimation conditions: Same as test
- Type and amount of food: Type of food was same as used during test
- Feeding frequency: Not reported
- Health during acclimation (any mortality observed): Not reported

METHOD FOR PREPARATION AND COLLECTION OF EARLY INSTARS OR OTHER LIFE STAGES: Not reported

Test type:

semi-static

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

7 d

Post exposure observation period:

None

Hardness:

Average total hardness: 110± 9 mg/L as CaCO3

Test temperature:

Temperature was same as described for stock cultures

pH:

Average pH: 7.4±0.2

Dissolved oxygen:

Average dissolved oxygen: 9.7±0.8 mg/L

Salinity:

N/A

Nominal and measured concentrations:

Nominal: 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 3.5, 5, 7 mg a.i./L

Details on test conditions:

TEST SYSTEM
Test vessel: 50 mL beaker
- Type: Open
- Material: 50 mL glass beaker containing 30 mL of test solution
- Aeration: No (static-renewal test)
- Renewal rate of test solution: all test chambers were renewed with fresh test solution three times during the test procedure (on Day 2, 4 and 6)
- No. of organisms per vessel: One
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): Ten
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): Ten
- Biomass loading rate: 1 daphnid/30 mL test solution

TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: Ohio River water
- Total suspended solids: 87 mg/L
- Total organic carbon: Not reported
- Particulate matter: Not reported
- Metals: Not reported
- Pesticides: Not reported
- Chlorine: Not reported
- Alkalinity: Not reported
- Ca/mg ratio: Not reported
- Conductivity: Not reported
- Culture medium different from test medium: No
- Intervals of water quality measurement: pH and dissolved oxygen content of fresh and used test solutions were routinely monitored.

OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH: No
- Photoperiod: Same as of stock cultures
- Light intensity: Same as of stock cultures

EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED: Percent mortality, total reproduction, first day of reproduction, reproduction/individual, # of broods, brood size. All parameters were measured daily.

RANGE-FINDING STUDY: No

Duration:

7 d

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Effect conc.:

5.34 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

act. ingr.

Basis for effect:

mortality

Remarks on result:

other: CL=4.3-7.6; Ceriodaphnia were fed the yeast diet

Duration:

7 d

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Effect conc.:

> 5 - < 7 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

act. ingr.

Basis for effect:

mortality

Remarks on result:

other: Ceriodaphnia were fed the algae-trout chow diet

Duration:

7 d

Dose descriptor:

NOEC

Effect conc.:

0.5 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

act. ingr.

Basis for effect:

reproduction

Remarks:

brood size

Remarks on result:

other: Ceriodaphnia were fed the yeast diet

Duration:

7 d

Dose descriptor:

NOEC

Effect conc.:

5 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

act. ingr.

Basis for effect:

other: mortality and reproduction

Remarks on result:

other: Ceriodaphnia were fed the algae-trout chow diet

Duration:

7 d

Dose descriptor:

LOEC

Effect conc.:

1 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

act. ingr.

Basis for effect:

reproduction

Remarks on result:

other: Ceriodaphnia were fed the yeast diet

Duration:

7 d

Dose descriptor:

LOEC

Effect conc.:

7 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

act. ingr.

Basis for effect:

other: mortality and reproduction

Remarks on result:

other: Ceriodaphnia were fed the algae-trout chow diet

Details on results:

- Mortality of parent animals: For details on mortality, refer to `Table 1 and `Table 2 under 'Any other information on results incl. tables' section.
- No. of offspring produced per day per female: See Tables 1,2 below
- Type and number of morphological abnormalities: Not reported
- Type and number of behavioural abnormalities: Not reported
- Number of males and females (parental): Not reported
- Time to first brood release or time to hatch: 4-5 days in control
- Egg development time: Not reported
- Brood size: Please refer Table 1 and 2 under 'Any other information on results incl. table' section
- Time to sexual maturity: Not reported
- Type and magnitude of biochemical changes: Not reported
- Effect concentrations exceeding solubility of substance in test medium: No

Results with reference substance (positive control):

N/A

Reported statistics and error estimates:

- Probit analysis was used to calculate LC50 values and associated 95 % confidence interval.
- Chi-square techniques was used for survival analysis.
- ANOVA technique was used for reproduction parameters.

Table 1. Chronic toxicity of LAS to Ceriodaphnia Sp.: Ohio River Water, yeast Diet (Study # 29717)

Concentration	Total reproduction (per 10 daphnids)	Percent mortality	First day of reproduction	Reproduction per daphnid	# of Broods	Brood size
0	229	0	4.0	22.9	2.9	8.0
0.5	208^@	0	3.9	20.8	2.9	7.3
1.0	178	0	4.0	17.8	2.9	6.1*
2.0	145	10	4.0	16.1*	3.0	5.4*
3.5	78	10	4.4	8.7*	2.4	3.4*
5.0	8	10	6.6*	0.9*	0.6*	1.8*
7.0	0	100*	-	-	-	-

* Significantly different from control (P<0.05)

@ Adjusted from 166 (n=8) to 208 (n=10)

 

Table 2. Chronic toxicity of LAS to Ceriodaphnia Sp.: Ohio River Water, algae-TC Diet (Study # 29717)

Concentration	Total reproduction (per 10 daphnids)	Percent mortality	First day of reproduction	Reproduction per daphnid	# of Broods	Brood size
0	87	10	4.7	9.7	2.4	4.0
0.5	69	0	5.0	6.9	2.1	3.4
1.0	32	10	5.6*	3.6*	1.4*	2.4*
2.0	42	0	5.0	4.2*	1.8	2.2*
3.5	82	0	5.6*	8.2	2.0	4.2
5.0	104	0	4.7	11.6	2.3	4.9
7.0	15	100*	4.0	5.0*	-	5.0

* Significantly different from control (P<0.05)

Validity criteria fulfilled:

not applicable

Conclusions:

The effect of C11.8 LAS (linear alkylbenzene sulfonate) on Ceriodaphnia was evaluated in a 7-day chronic toxicity test in river water. The NOEC, based on mortality and reproduction, was 0.5 mg/L and 5.0 mg/L for Ceriodaphnia fed a yeast or algae/trout chow diet, respectively. Results are based on nominal concentration of test substance (active ingredient).

Executive summary:

A 7-day chronic toxicity test of linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (C11.8 LABS Na) was conducted with Ceriodaphnia sp under semi-static conditions. The test medium was Ohio River water, and the Ceriodaphnia were fed either a yeast diet, or an algae/trout chow diet. The test medium was renewed 3x/7 days.

The nominal test concentrations were 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 3.5, 5 and 7 mg/L of active ingredient. Mortality and reproduction were monitored daily.  Results are based on the nominal concentration of the test substance. The 7 -day LC50 values were 5 -7 mg/L for both diets.

The 7 -day chronic NOECs may be summarized as follows:

Diet                            NOEC (mg/L)                    Based on

Yeast                            0.5                                   Reproduction

Algae-Trout chow       5.0                                   Mortality and Reproduction

The chronic toxicity of LAS, in this 7 -day Ceriodaphnia test, compared quite favorably with the chronic toxicity of LAS in 21-day Daphnia magna tests. The data are for a C11.8 LABS Na and when normalized to a C11.6 LABS Na, the NOEC is 0.59 mg/L (method: van de Plassche et al., 1999).

Reference 3

Endpoint:

long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

1992-12-15 to 1994-07-12

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: Study conducted according to accepted methods. Was not a GLP study, however methods acceptable and well documented for a 2-day rotifer bioassay.

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

other: Rotifer toxicity tests followed the method of Snell and Moffat (1992). A 2-d life cycle test with the rotifer Brachionus calyciflorus. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 11: 1249

Deviations:

not specified

Principles of method if other than guideline:

The toxicity of a range of surfactant and surfactant related compounds was investigated in the two day whole life cycle bioassay with the rotifer, Brachionus calyciflorus. Compounds were selected to gain an understanting of how structural components, especially the polar head groups, contribute to toxicity.

GLP compliance:

not specified

Analytical monitoring:

yes

Details on sampling:

- Concentrations: All concentrations, daily
- Sampling method: N/A
- Sample storage conditions before analysis: N/A

Vehicle:

no

Details on test solutions:

PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION: Details not available in this study report. LABS Na was tested well below its solubility limit. No vehicle was used.

Test organisms (species):

other: Brachionus calyciflorus

Details on test organisms:

TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: planktonic rotifers
- Strain/clone: N/A
- Justification for species other than prescribed by test guideline: N/A
- Source: Bioresponse Systems, Inc. (Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada)
- Age of parental stock (mean and range, SD): rotifer cysts were hydrated with dilution water 20 hours prior to test initiation. Chronic toxicity tests were performed with six newly hatched (less than 3 hour old), swimming rotifers.
- Feeding during test
- Food type: green algae Selenastrum capricornutum and Chlorella vulgaris
- Amount: 1,000,000 cells/ml
- Frequency: N/A


ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation period: N/A
- Acclimation conditions (same as test or not): N/A
- Type and amount of food:N/A
- Feeding frequency: N/A
- Health during acclimation (any mortality observed): N/A


METHOD FOR PREPARATION AND COLLECTION OF EARLY INSTARS OR OTHER LIFE STAGES: N/A

Test type:

static

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

2 d

Post exposure observation period:

N/A

Hardness:

152.1 mg/L as CaCO3

Test temperature:

25 ± 2 °C

pH:

8.55

Dissolved oxygen:

8.5 mg/L

Salinity:

N/A

Nominal and measured concentrations:

Details of nominal and measured concentrations are not available in the study report. Results are based on measured concentrations.

Details on test conditions:

TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel:
- Type: N/A
- Material: 10 milliliters of test water containing an equal mixture of C. vulgaris and S. capriconutum at 1,000,000 cells/ml.
- Aeration: N/A
- Type of flow-through: N/A
- Renewal rate of test solution: N/A
- No. of organisms per vessel: 6
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 3, with additional replicates used for analytical verification of test compound as needed.
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 3
- Biomass loading rate: N/A


TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: 50/50 blend of locally obtained well water and reverse osmosis water.
- Total organic carbon: N/A
- Particulate matter: N/A
- Metals: N/A
- Pesticides: N/A
- Chlorine: N/A
- Alkalinity: N/A
- Ca/mg ratio: N/A
- Conductivity: 449.7 umhos
- Culture medium different from test medium: N/A
- Intervals of water quality measurement: N/A
pH: 8.55
D.O.: 8.5
Hardness: 152.1 mg/L as CaCO3


OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH: N/A
- Photoperiod: 16/8 hour light dark cycle
- Light intensity: low light conditions


EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED: All control and test concentration replicates were counted after 48 hours. Results are based on the total number of live, swimming organisms.


RANGE-FINDING STUDY
- Test concentrations: N/A
- Results used to determine the conditions for the definitive study: N/A

Reference substance (positive control):

yes

Remarks:

Pentachlorophenol and copper

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

EC10

Effect conc.:

1.18 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

meas. (TWA)

Conc. based on:

act. ingr.

Basis for effect:

growth

Remarks on result:

other: 95% CI not available

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

other: EC20

Effect conc.:

1.4 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

meas. (TWA)

Conc. based on:

act. ingr.

Basis for effect:

growth

Remarks on result:

other: 0.882 -2.27 mg/L

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

EC50

Effect conc.:

2 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

meas. (TWA)

Conc. based on:

act. ingr.

Basis for effect:

growth

Remarks on result:

other: 1.70 - 2.33 mg/L

Details on results:

- Mortality of parent animals: N/A
- No. of offspring produced per day per female: N/A
- Body length and weight of parent animals: N/A
- Type and number of morphological abnormalities: N/A
- Type and number of behavioural abnormalities: N/A
- Number of males and females (parental): N/A
- Time to first brood release or time to hatch: N/A
- Egg development time: N/A
- Brood size: N/A
- Time to sexual maturity: N/A
- Type and magnitude of biochemical changes: N/A
- Effect concentrations exceeding solubility of substance in test medium: No

Results with reference substance (positive control):

- Results with reference substance valid? Yes
- Relevant effect levels:
Pentachlorophenol: EC20 0.55 mg/L, EC50 1.3 mg/L
Copper: 0.012 mg/L (NOEC), 0.023 mg/L (LOEC)

Reported statistics and error estimates:

All control and test concentration replicates were counted after 48 hours. Statistical analyses were based on the total number of live, swimming animals. The 48-h EC20 and EC50 values with associated 95% confidence intervals were estimated by the iterative nonlinear regression technique described by Bruce and Versteeg. All statistical tests were performed with SAS version 6.0. The range of test concentrations for all 22 test compounds was 20 to 90%, but the specific decrease in LABS Na was not included in this study report. Measured concentrations were on the basis of time weighted average exposure.

Validity criteria fulfilled:

not specified

Remarks:

This test was well conducted by scientists with experience in aquatic testing, especially chronic invertebrate tests. There are no validity criteria for the Brachionus life cycle test.

Conclusions:

The effect of linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (C12.3 LABS Na) on the life-cycle of Brachionus calyciflorus (48 hours) was EC10 = 1.18 mg/L, EC20 = 1.4 mg/L, and EC50 = 2.0 mg/L, based on measured concentration of active ingredient.

Executive summary:

The chronic toxicity of C12.3 LABS Na was evaluated in a 2 -day whole life cycle bioassay, using Brachionus calyciflorus (a rotifer). Brachionus is an alternative to Ceriodaphnia and Daphnia which require 7 and 21 days for chronic tests, respectively.

Six newly hatched rotifers (<3 hours old) were placed in each replicate beaker, and exposed to C12.3 LABS Na for 48 hours. Results were based on the total number of live, swimming organisms after 48 hours, and were based on measured concentrations. The live, swimming organisms included both adults and offspring.

The EC10 of C12.3 LABS Na to Brachionus was 1.18 mg a.i./L, the EC20 was 1.4 mg a.i./L, and the EC50 was 2.0 mg a.i./L.

In the study, a total of 22 surfactant and surfactant related compounds were tested. The EC10 of C12.3 LABS Na to Brachionus (1.18 mg/L) compared quite favorably with the chronic NOECs for Daphnia magna and Ceriodaphnia referenced in the study (1.2 and 0.9 mg/L, respectively).

When normalized to a C11.6 LABS Na, the EC10 value is 1.69 mg/L (method: van de Plassche et al., 1999).

Reference 4

Endpoint:

long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

1976-04 to 1977-02

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: Well documented, equivalent to guideline

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

reference to other study

Qualifier:

equivalent or similar to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 211 (Daphnia magna Reproduction Test)

Deviations:

no

Principles of method if other than guideline:

N/A

GLP compliance:

no

Remarks:

Study pre-dates GLP

Specific details on test material used for the study:

Details on properties of test surrogate or analogue material (migrated information):
N/A

Analytical monitoring:

yes

Details on sampling:

- Concentrations: all concentrations
- Sampling method: Samples were taken from test vessels on day 0, and every 3-5 days through out the 21-day test.
- Sample storage conditions before analysis: Preserved with 1% formaldehyde and stored at 5 °C until analysis.

Vehicle:

no

Details on test solutions:

PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION (especially for difficult test substances)
- Method: Direct dilution of the appropriate amount of test substance into blended well water
- Eluate: N/A
- Differential loading: N/A
- Controls: Blended well water
- Chemical name of vehicle (organic solvent, emulsifier or dispersant): N/A
- Concentration of vehicle in test medium (stock solution and final test solution(s) including control(s)): N/A
- Evidence of undissolved material (e.g. precipitate, surface film, etc): None

Test organisms (species):

Daphnia magna

Details on test organisms:

TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Water flea
- Strain/clone: N/A
- Justification for species other than prescribed by test guideline: N/A
- Source: In-house culture
- Age of parental stock (mean and range, SD): N/A
- Feeding during test
- Food type: ground trout chow/alfalfa mixture, 1000 mg/L
- Amount: 5 mg/L
- Frequency: Each diluter cycle


ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation period: Daphnia were cultured and tested in the same dilution water.
- Acclimation conditions (same as test or not): Yes
- Type and amount of food: N/A
- Feeding frequency: N/A
- Health during acclimation (any mortality observed): N/A


QUARANTINE (wild caught)
- Duration: N/A
- Health/mortality: N/A


METHOD FOR PREPARATION AND COLLECTION OF EARLY INSTARS OR OTHER LIFE STAGES: Young were manually siphoned from existing culture units

Test type:

flow-through

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

21 d

Post exposure observation period:

None

Hardness:

120 ± 18 mg/L CaCO3

Test temperature:

21 ± 1 °C

pH:

7.5 ± 0.2 SU

Dissolved oxygen:

8.9 ± 0.4 mg/L

Salinity:

N/A

Nominal and measured concentrations:

Mean Measured- Control, 0.32, 0.59, 1.18, 2.52, and 4.85 mg/L C11.8 LABS Na (active ingredient). Nominal concentrations not available in study report.

Details on test conditions:

TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel:
- Type (delete if not applicable): open
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: 1 liter glass beakers, 1 L test solution
- Aeration: N/A
- Type of flow-through (e.g. peristaltic or proportional diluter): Mount and Brungs proportional diluter, with modifications
- Renewal rate of test solution (frequency/flow rate): 125 ml per 20 min cycle, or one chamber volume every 2.5 hr.
- No. of organisms per vessel: 5
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 4
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 4
- No. of vessels per vehicle control (replicates): N/A
- Biomass loading rate: 5 daphnids/Liter = 200 ml/daphnid


TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: The dilution water was carbon and reverse osmosis filtered well water. Water quality parameters were measured at test initiation and at intervals of 3-5 days for the remainder of the test.
- Total organic carbon: N/A
- Particulate matter: N/A
- Metals: N/A
- Pesticides: N/A
- Chlorine: N/A
- Alkalinity: N/A
- Ca/mg ratio: N/A
- Conductivity: N/A
- Salinity: N/A
- Culture medium different from test medium: No
- Intervals of water quality measurement: Daily


OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH: N/A
- Photoperiod: N/A
- Light intensity: N/A


EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable): Mortality at 24, 48, and 96 hrs, and 7 days and daily thereafter. Young counted beginning on day 7 or 8. Total number of F1 produced, mean brood size, and the percentage of days young were produced within each replicate was measured for all five concentrations and the controls.  Mortality was evaluated using a computerized Probit procedure. 


VEHICLE CONTROL PERFORMED: no


RANGE-FINDING STUDY
- Test concentrations: N/A
- Results used to determine the conditions for the definitive study: N/A

Reference substance (positive control):

no

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Effect conc.:

3.94 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

meas. (arithm. mean)

Conc. based on:

act. ingr.

Basis for effect:

mortality

Remarks on result:

other: 95% CL 2.87-6.83 mg/L

Duration:

21 d

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Effect conc.:

1.67 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

meas. (arithm. mean)

Conc. based on:

act. ingr.

Basis for effect:

mortality

Remarks on result:

other: 95% CL 1.28-2.18 mg/L

Duration:

21 d

Dose descriptor:

EC50

Effect conc.:

1.5 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

meas. (arithm. mean)

Conc. based on:

act. ingr.

Basis for effect:

other: Total young production

Remarks on result:

other: 95% CL 0.75-3.33 mg/L

Duration:

21 d

Dose descriptor:

EC50

Effect conc.:

2.3 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

meas. (arithm. mean)

Conc. based on:

act. ingr.

Basis for effect:

other: Average brood size

Remarks on result:

other: 95% CL 1.62-3.55 mg/L

Duration:

21 d

Dose descriptor:

EC50

Effect conc.:

2.31 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

meas. (arithm. mean)

Conc. based on:

act. ingr.

Basis for effect:

other: Percentage of days reproduction occurred

Remarks on result:

other: 95% CL 0.30-4.18 mg/L

Duration:

21 d

Dose descriptor:

NOEC

Effect conc.:

1.18 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

meas. (arithm. mean)

Conc. based on:

act. ingr.

Basis for effect:

other: Parent (F0) Survival and reproduction (Total # young in 21 days; and Mean Brood Size)

Details on results:

- Mortality of parent animals: % mortality, day 21- Control-10%; 0.32 mg/L-15%; 0.59 mg/L-15%; 1.18 mg/L-25%, 2.52 mg/L-60%; 4.85 mg/L-100%
- No. of offspring produced per day per female: N/A
- Body length and weight of parent animals: N/A
- Type and number of morphological abnormalities: N/A
- Type and number of behavioural abnormalities: N/A
- Number of males and females (parental): N/A
- Time to first brood release or time to hatch- 7 or 8 days
- Egg development time: N/A
- Brood size: Mean-Control-8.04; 0.32 mg/L-11.68; 0.59 mg/L-9.74; 1.18 mg/L-10.732.52 mg/L-7.92; 4.85 mg/L-100%
- Time to sexual maturity: N/A
- Type and magnitude of biochemical changes: N/A
- Other biological observations: N/A
- Effect concentrations exceeding solubility of substance in test medium: N/A

Results with reference substance (positive control):

N/A

Reported statistics and error estimates:

All results were calculated with a computerized probit analysis program after Finney (1964, 1971). Survival data for 96 hr and 21 days was used to calculate LC50 values and confidence limits. All results were calculated based on mean measured concentrations of test material.

N/A

Validity criteria fulfilled:

yes

Conclusions:

The 21 day NOEC of C11.8 LABS Na to Daphnia magna was 1.18 mg/L, based on survival and reproduction. The 21 day LC50 was 1.67 mg/L. Results are based on the mean measured concentration of the active ingredient.

Executive summary:

The long-term toxicity of 11.8 LABS Na was evaluated in a 21 day survival and reproduction test with Daphnia magna, following the OECD 211 guideline. Four replicates per concentration, 5 organisms per replicate, were tested in a flow-through system (a modified Mount and Brungs proportional diluter). Mean measured concentrations were: Control, 0.32, 0.59, 1.18, 2.52, and 4.85 mg/L C11.8 LABS Na (active ingredient).

Survival was monitored at 24 hr, 96 hr, 7 days and daily thereafter. Reproduction was monitored beginning with the production of the first brood on day 7 or 8, and daily thereafter. LC50s and EC50s were calculated by probit analysis. Results are based on the mean measured concentration of the active ingredient.

The 21 -day NOEC was 1.18 mg/L, based on both survival and reproduction. The 21 -day LC50 was 1.67 mg/L (95% CL 1.28 -2.18 mg/L). The 21 -day EC50s, based on total young production, average brood size, and % days reproduction occurred, were 1.50, 2.30, and 2.31 mg/L, respectively. The data here are for a C11.8 LABS Na and when normalized to a C11.6 LABS Na, the value is 1.41 mg/L (method: van de Plassche et al., 1999).

Reference 5

Endpoint:

long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: The studies are very well documented and deserving of a reliability 2.

Qualifier:

no guideline followed

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Initial experiments (Phase I) were designed to determine the effects of LAS on the structure and function of model ecosystem communities. Each test concentration consisted of duplicate 19-L glass aquaria containing 2.5 cm of natural lake sediment and several trophic levels (bacteria, algae, macrophytes, macroinvertebrates, and bluegill sunfish). Dilution water was carbon and reverse-osmosis filtered well water. Four nominal concentrations were delivered to duplicate chambers by a modified Mount and Brungs proportional diluter. Fish were screened from access to invertebrates with a stainless steel screen. In Phase II, conditions were similar except that the model ecosystem aquaria were treated with LAS in sewage effluent (supplied from a CAS unit) to more closely simulate actual receiving water conditions.

GLP compliance:

no

Analytical monitoring:

yes

Details on sampling:

- Concentrations: all
- Sampling method: 100 ml water samples were treated with 10 ml HCl and boiled down to 25 ml. Samples were then extracted with 60 ml ethyl ether, and passed over Amberlyst 15 cation exchange resin.

Vehicle:

not specified

Test organisms (species):

other aquatic arthropod: Paratanytarsus parthenogenica

Details on test organisms:

TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: midge
- Age of parental stock (mean and range, SD): eggs
- Food type: 1.5 ml daphnia food suspension
- Frequency: every replacement cycle

Test type:

other: flow-through closed-system

Water media type:

not specified

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

28 d

Hardness:

120 mg/L as CaCO3 hardness

Test temperature:

Temperatures were maintained at 21 ± 2°C in both phases.

pH:

pH values were 8.1 ± 0.2 and 7.5 ± 0.3 for Phases I and II, respectively

Dissolved oxygen:

Dissolved oxygen concentrations ranged between 7.0 to 9.0 mg/L with a mean of 7.8 mg/L during the Phase I studies. In Phase II, dissolved oxygen ranged between 3.1 and 7.3 mg/L (mean 5.4 mg/L), with the lowest values occurring in the chambers receiving the highest sewage effluent concentrations.

Nominal and measured concentrations:

Four nominal concentrations of 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, and 4.0 mg/L

Details on test conditions:

TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: 19 L
- Type (delete if not applicable): open
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: glass aquaria
- Type of flow-through (e.g. peristaltic or proportional diluter): proportional diluter
- Renewal rate of test solution (frequency/flow rate): 8 replacement per day
- No. of organisms per vessel: 25
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 2
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 2

TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: reverse osmosis filtered well water
- Intervals of water quality measurement: sampling was only done at day 28 to avoid disturbing the test populations

EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) : biomass, production, total population, and turnover ratio at day 28

Reference substance (positive control):

not specified

Duration:

28 d

Dose descriptor:

NOEC

Effect conc.:

< 3.4 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

other: from previous study

Basis for effect:

reproduction

Duration:

28 d

Dose descriptor:

NOEC

Effect conc.:

> 2 - < 4 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

other: from model ecosystem community study

Basis for effect:

reproduction

Duration:

28 h

Dose descriptor:

LOEC

Effect conc.:

4 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

act. ingr.

Basis for effect:

other: reproduction and survival

Details on results:

No significant differences in the development and growth of midge populations were observed in Phase I.  Apparent inhibition of total population size was observed at the highest concentration (4.0 mg/L), where total individuals were 4100 as compared to 6300 in the controls.  The results indicate that the effect concentrations after 28 days were found to be between 2.0 and 4.0 mg/L.

Conclusions:

The 28-day LOEC for P. parthenogenica was 4 mg/L (nominal).

Executive summary:

Groups of P. parthenogenica were exposed to concentrations of 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, or 4.0 mg/L (nominal) of test substance. Exposure lasted 28 days. The LOEC was 4 mg/L based on survival and reproduction. The NOEC is 2.0 mg/L. When normalized to C11.6 LABS Na, the NOEC value is 2.8 mg/L (method: van de Plassche et al., 1999).

Description of key information

No study was available on long-term toxicity of the test substance to aquatic invertebrates. Therefore, read across is performed using five studies from the related substance benzenesulfonic acid (LABS Na). All results reported hereafter were normalized to C11.6 LABS Na. Maki et al. (1977) obtained a 21 day NOEC of 1.41 mg/L for Daphnia magna. Taylor (1984) obtained a 7 day NOEC of 0.59 mg/L for Ceriodaphnia.The study of Maki et al. (1981) obtained a 28 day NOEC of 2.8 mg/L for the midge P. parthenogenica . Procter & Gamble (1996) obtained 48 hour EC10 of 1.69 mg/L for the rotifer Brachionus calyciflorus. Van de Plasche (1999) determined chronic toxicity in a 32 day test with three aquatic invertebrates. For Corbicula, the 32 day EC20 was 0.39 mg/L based on growth (length), for Elimina, the 32 day NOEC was 4.15 mg/L based on survival and for Hyalella the 24 day EC20 was 1.36 mg/L based on survival. A worst case approach was applied for chemical safety assessment and the most conservative effect concentration was used (32 day EC20 of 0.39 mg/L for the amphipod Corbicula).

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Fresh water invertebrates

Fresh water invertebrates

Effect concentration:

0.39 mg/L