Naphthalene sulfonic acid, reaction products with isobutanol,sodium salts

Eye irritation

Administrative data

Endpoint:

eye irritation: in vitro / ex vivo

Type of information:

read-across based on grouping of substances (category approach)

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

2016-10-17 to 2017-01-05

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

guideline study

Justification for type of information:

See chapter 13 for support for read-across within the category of Alkyl Naphthalene Sulfonates (ANS).

Data source

Reference

Reference Type:

study report

Title:

Unnamed

Year:

2017

Report date:

2017

Materials and methods

Test guideline

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 437 (Bovine Corneal Opacity and Permeability Test Method for Identifying i) Chemicals Inducing Serious Eye Damage and ii) Chemicals Not Requiring Classification for Eye Irritation or Serious Eye Damage)

Version / remarks:

adopted: 26 July 2013

Deviations:

no

GLP compliance:

yes (incl. QA statement)

Remarks:

Bayerisches Landesamt für Gesundheit und dLebensmittelsicherheit, München, Germany)

Test material

Test material information

Constituent 1

Reference substance name:

Naphthalenesulfonic acid, bis(1-methylethyl)-, Me derivs., sodium salts

EC Number:

272-715-8

EC Name:

Naphthalenesulfonic acid, bis(1-methylethyl)-, Me derivs., sodium salts

Cas Number:

68909-82-0

Molecular formula:

UVCB substance

IUPAC Name:

Aromatic hydrocarbons, C10-13, reaction products with isopropylalcohol, sulphonated, sodium salts

Test material form:

solid: granular

Details on test material:

Name: Naphthalenesulfonic acid, bis(1-methylethyl)-, methyl derivs., sodium salt
Product: MORWET IP Powder
Chemical Name: Naphthalenesulfonic acid, bis(1-methylethyl)-, methyl derivs., sodium salt
CAS No.: 68909-82-0
Batch No.: 1452486
Physical State: solid, powder
Colour: tan
pH: 7.5 to 10 in 5 % solution
Active Components: UVCB substance with 100% purity
Average molecular weight: 346 g/mol (range from 213-474 g/mol)
Purity: 100 %
Storage Conditions: room temperature
Expiry Date: 07 June 2021
Safety Precautions: The routine hygienic procedures were sufficient to assure personnel health and safety.

Test animals / tissue source

Species:

cattle

Strain:

not specified

Details on test animals or tissues and environmental conditions:

SOURCE OF COLLECTED EYES
- Source: 1452486
- Number of eyes used in test: 9
- Characteristics of donor animals (e.g. age, sex, weight): no data
- Storage, temperature and transport conditions of ocular tissue (e.g. transport time, transport media and temperature, and other conditions): transported in HBSS containing Pen/Strep on ice to the laboratories. Immediately after
arrival of the eyes, cornea preparation was initiated.
- Time interval prior to initiating testing: Tested same day of slaughter of animals
- indication of any existing defects or lesions in ocular tissue samples: Before the corneas were mounted in corneal holders they had been visually examined for defects and any defective cornea had been
discarded.
- Indication of any antibiotics used: penicillin/streptomycin was used in HBSS used for transport between slaugther house and test facility

Test system

Vehicle:

physiological saline

Amount / concentration applied:

The test item was suspended with physiological saline 0.9% NaCl (B. Braun Melsungen, lot no. 1406805, expiry date: 05/2017) to give a 10% concentration. 750 µL of the test substance or the control substance was introduced into the anterior chamber.

Duration of treatment / exposure:

After 10 minutes incubation at 32 +/- 1 °C either the test substance or the control substance was removed and the epithelium washed at least three times with MEM (containing phenol red).

Observation period (in vivo):

1 mL of a 4 mg/mL sodium fluorescein solution was added to the anterior chamber and the corneas were incubated for 90 minutes at 32 +/- 1 °C.

Duration of post- treatment incubation (in vitro):

incubated for 90 minutes at 32 +/- 1 °C

Number of animals or in vitro replicates:

3 corneas for the test item
3 corneas as negative controls treated with physiological saline 0.9% NaCl
3 corneas as positive controls treated with ethanol 100%

Details on study design:

Test System

Preparation of the Corneas:
The assay uses isolated corneas obtained as a by-product from animals freshly slaughtered at the abattoir A. Moksel AG, Buchloe, Germany.
On the test day, fresh eyes were collected from the slaughterhouse and were transported in HBSS containing Pen/Strep on ice to the laboratories. Immediately after arrival of the eyes, cornea preparation was initiated.
The eyes were carefully examined for defects and any defective eyes were discarded.
The tissue surrounding the eyeball was carefully pulled away and the cornea was excised leaving a 2 to 3 mm rim of sclera. The isolated corneas were stored in a petri dish containing HBSS. Before the corneas were mounted in corneal holders (Duratec GmbH) with the endothelial side against the O-ring of the posterior chamber, they had been visually examined for defects and any defective cornea had been discarded. The anterior chamber was then positioned on top of the cornea and tightened with screws. The chambers of the corneal holder were then filled with RPMI (without phenol red) containing 1% FBS and 2 mM L-glutamine (complete RPMI). The posterior chamber was always filled first. The corneas were incubated for one hour at 32 +/- 1 °C.


Calibration of the Opacitometer:
The opacitometer (BASF-OP3.0, Duratec GmbH) was switched on at least 15 min before starting the calibration procedure. The filter holder was placed into the opacitometer and the readout was adjusted to 1000 lux ± 10 lux using the “Calibrate”-turning knob. For calibration the glass filter F2 was introduced into the filter holder. The readout lied in the range between 540-560 lux. To test the linearity of the measurement, two additional calibration filters, glass filter F3 and glass filter F4, were measured. For these glass filters, the opacitometer displayed values between 300-310 lux and between 95-105 lux. The calibration procedure was performed before the test and is documented in the raw data.

Treatment of the Corneas:
After the equilibration period, the medium was removed from both chambers and replaced with fresh complete RPMI. An initial measurement was performed on each of the corneas using the opacitometer. Three corneas with illuminance readings approximately equivalent to the median illuminance of all corneas were selected as negative-control corneas. The illuminance of each cornea was read and recorded. Only corneas that had an initial illuminance reading I > I0/1.1651 lux were used for the assay. The medium was removed from the anterior chamber and replaced with the test item or control.
750 µL of the test substance or the control substance was introduced into the anterior chamber. After 10 minutes incubation at 32 +/- 1 °C either the test substance or the control substance was removed and the epithelium washed at least three times with MEM (containing phenol red). Once the medium was free of test substance, the cornea was finally rinsed with complete RPMI (without phenol red). The anterior chamber was refilled with complete RPMI and an illuminance measurement was performed after 2 hours incubation at 32 +/- 1 °C. Also, each cornea was observed visually and pertinent observations were recorded.
After the illuminance measurement was performed, the medium was removed from both chambers of the holder. The posterior chamber was refilled with fresh complete RPMI. 1 mL of a 4 mg/mL sodium fluorescein solution was added to the anterior chamber and the corneas were incubated for 90 minutes at 32 +/- 1 °C. Then the medium from the posterior chamber was removed and its optical density at 490 nm (OD490) was determined, using a spectrophotometer (Jenway 6405 UV/VIS).


Test Groups:
3 corneas for the test item
3 corneas as negative controls treated with physiological saline 0.9% NaCl
3 corneas as positive controls treated with ethanol 100%
The BCOP assay is considered to be valid if the in vitro irritation score obtained with the positive control falls within the two standard deviations of the current historical mean.
The negative control responses should result in opacity and permeability values that are less than the established upper limits for background bovine corneas treated with the respective negative control.


Evaluation of Results:
The following formula was used to calculate the opacity, whereas the values a and b are equipment-specific variables empirically determined by the manufacturer:

Opacity = (I0/I - b)/a

with a = 0.025 and b = 0.9894

The value I0 = I(zero) is the illuminance through a holder without cornea, but with windows and liquid. This value is determined by taking the mean for a set of cornea holders and is reevaluated periodically.
The change in opacity for each cornea was calculated by subtracting the initial opacity reading from the final opacity reading. These values were corrected by subtracting from each the average change in opacity observed for the negative-control corneas. The mean opacity value for each treatment was calculated by averaging the corrected opacity values of each cornea for a given treatment.
The mean OD490 for the blank cuvettes was calculated. The mean blank OD490 was subtracted from the OD490 of each cuvette (corrected OD490). Any dilutions that were made to bring the OD490 values into the linear range of the spectrophotometer (OD490 should be less than 1.500), were taken into account by multiplying the OD490 value of the dilution by the dilution factor. The final-corrected OD490 of the test article and the positive control were calculated by subtracting the average-corrected OD490 of the negative-control corneas from the corrected OD490 value of each treated cornea:
Final-corrected OD490 = (OD490 – mean blank OD490) – average-corrected negative control OD490
The mean OD490 value of each treatment group was calculated by averaging the final corrected OD490 values of the treated corneas for that treatment condition.
The following formula was used to determine the in vitro irritation score (IVIS):
IVIS = mean opacity value + (15 x mean permeability OD490 value)
The IVIS cut-off values for identifying test substances as inducing serious eye damage (UN GHS Category 1) and test substances not requiring classification for eye irritation or serious eye damage (UN GHS No Category) are given in the table below.

An identification of test substances that should be classified as irritating to eyes (UN GHS Category 2 or Category 2A) or test substances that should be classified as mildly irritating to eyes (UN GHS Category 2B) cannot be made.
For this purpose further testing with another suitable method is required

Results and discussion

In vitro

Results

Irritation parameter:

in vitro irritation score

Value:

73.62

Vehicle controls validity:

valid

Remarks:

physiological saline 0.9% NaCl

Negative controls validity:

valid

Remarks:

physiological saline 0.9% NaCl

Positive controls validity:

valid

Remarks on result:

positive indication of irritation

Remarks:

IVIS above > 55 is interpreted as Category 1

In vivo

Irritant / corrosive response data:

The eye irritancy potential of Glucamide CC was investigated in the bovine corneal opacity and permeability assay.
The test item was suspended with physiological saline 0.9% NaCl to gain a 10% concentration.
The following mean in vitro irritation score was calculated:
73.62

Applicant's summary and conclusion

Interpretation of results:

Category 1 (irreversible effects on the eye) based on GHS criteria

Conclusions:

According to the evaluation criteria the test item Naphthalenesulfonic acid, bis(1-methylethyl)-, methyl derivs., sodium salt is classified into UN GHS Category 1.

Executive summary:

 

Summary Results

The eye irritancy potential of Naphthalenesulfonic acid, bis(1-methylethyl)-, methyl derivs., sodium salt was investigated in the bovine corneal opacity and permeability assay.

Preparation of the test item:                     

The test item is a neat surfactant and will be tested at a concentration of 10% w/v in a 0.9% sodium chloride solution, if technically possible, according to OECD Guideline.

Visual Observation after treatement:        

All 3 corneas treated with Naphthalenesulfonic acid, bis(1-methylethyl)-, methyl derivs., sodium salt showed a complete opacity of the tissue.

Mean in vitro irritation score:                    73.62

 

	UN GHS No Category
	No prediction can be made
X	UN GHS Category 1

Classification:                                       

The in vitro irritation score obtained with the positive control fell within the two standard deviations of the current historical mean and therefore this assay is considered to be valid.

The negative control responses should result in opacity and permeability values that are less than the established upper limits for background bovine corneas treated with the respective negative control.