Reaction mass of Chromate(1-), [N-[7-hydroxy-8-[(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)azo]-1-naphthalenyl]acetamidato(2-)][1-[(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)azo]-2-naphthalenolato(2-)]-, hydrogen, compd. with N-cyclohexylcyclohexanamine (1:1) and hydrogen bis[1-[(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)azo]-2-naphtholato(2-)]chromate(1-) , compound with dicyclohexylamine (1:1) and hydrogen bis[N-[7-hydroxy-8-[(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)azo]-1-naphthyl]acetamidato(2-)]chromate(1-) , compound with dicyclohexylamine (1:1)

Toxicity to reproduction

Administrative data

Endpoint:

screening for reproductive / developmental toxicity

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

2017-03-13 to 2018-03

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

guideline study

Cross-reference

Cross-reference 1

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

reference to same study

Reference

Endpoint:

developmental toxicity

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

2017-03-13 to 2018-03

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

guideline study

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

reference to same study

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

reference to same study

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

reference to other study

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

other: OECD Guideline 422 (Combined Repeated Dose Toxicity Study with the Reproduction / Developmental Toxicity Screening Test)

Version / remarks:

29 July 2016

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

other: EPA OPPTS 870.3650 (Combined Repeated Dose Toxicity Study with the Reproduction/Developmental Toxicity Screening Test)

Version / remarks:

July 2000

GLP compliance:

yes

Limit test:

no

Specific details on test material used for the study:

SOURCE OF TEST MATERIAL
- Source and batch No.of test material: 002-150504
- Expiration date of the batch: 29 Apr 2025
- Purity: 99.22 area-% (sum of all peaks, HPLC 231 nm), 99.05 area-% (sum of all peaks, HPLC 323 nm)

STABILITY AND STORAGE CONDITIONS OF TEST MATERIAL
- Stability under storage conditions: guaranteed by the sponsor
- Storage conditions: ambient

Species:

rat

Strain:

Wistar

Remarks:

Crl:WI(Han)

Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:

TEST ANIMALS
- Source: Charles River Laboratories, Research Models and Services, Sulzfeld, Germany
- Females nulliparous and non-pregnant: yes
- Age at study initiation: about 14-15 weeks (males animals); about 13 weeks (female animals)
- Weight at study initiation: (P) Males: 374.6 +/- 13.5 g; Females: 221.4 +/- 7.8 g
- Housing during pre-mating, mating, gestation, lactation, males after mating and females after weaning: Polycarbonate cages type III
- Housing during pre-treatment: Polysulfonate cages Typ 2000P (H-Temp), floor area about 2065 cm2 (610 x 435 x 215 mm); supplied by TECHNIPLAST, Hohenpeiflenberg, Germany
- No of animals per cage: 1; exceptions: during pre-treatment: 5 animals per sex and cage; during mating: 1 male/1 female per cage; during rearing up to PND 13: 1 dam with her litter.
- Bedding: Dust-free wooden bedding
- Diet and water: ad libitum
- Type of diet: Ground Kliba maintenance diet mouse/rat "GLP", Provimi Kliba SA, Kaiseraugst, Switzerland
- Acclimation period: 28 days prior to the beginning of administration period

REASON FOR SELECTION:
The rat is a frequently used laboratory animal, and there is comprehensive experience with this animal species. Moreover, the rat has been proposed as a suitable animal species by the OECD and the EPA. This Wistar rat strain (Crl:WI(Han)) is selected because extensive historical control data is available for these rats.

ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°C): 20-24
- Humidity (%): 30-70
- Air changes (per hr): 15
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): 12 /12

Route of administration:

oral: gavage

Vehicle:

CMC (carboxymethyl cellulose)

Remarks:

0.5% Carboxymethylcellulose suspension in drinking water

Details on exposure:

PREPARATION OF DOSING SOLUTIONS:
- Route of administration: Orally by gavage using 3 or 5 mL syringes
- Preparation frequency: The test substance preparations were prepared at intervals which guarantee that the test substance concentrations in the vehicle will remain stable.
- Preparation: Test substance preparations in 0.5% Carboxymethylcellulose suspension in drinking water.
- Form of preparation: suspension
- Carrier: 0.5% Carboxymethylcellulose suspension in drinking water
- Reason for the selection of the route of administration: The oral administration of a test substance has been proved useful worldwide in numerous studies for discovering a potential toxicological profile.

DIET PREPARATION
- Rate of preparation of diet (frequency): at least weekly
- Mixing appropriate amounts with (Type of food): Ground Kliba maintenance diet mouse/rat "GLP", Provimi Kliba SA, Kaiseraugst, Switzerland
- Storage conditions of the preparations: Ambient

VEHICLE
- Concentration in vehicle: 0.5% Carboxymethylcellulose suspension in drinking water
- Amount of vehicle: 10 mL/kg bw/d; the body weight determined most recently was used to calculate the administration volume.

Analytical verification of doses or concentrations:

yes

Details on analytical verification of doses or concentrations:

- At the beginning (during pre-mating), twice during gestation and once during lactation of the study each 3 samples (from the top, middle and bottom of the preparation vessel) were taken from the lowest and highest concentration for potential homogeneity analyses. These samples were used as a concentration control at the same time. At the above mentioned time points additionally one sample from the mid concentration was taken for concentration control analysis.
- All test samples, plus a duplicate set of reserve samples, were withdrawn by staff of the Sub-chronic/Chronic Toxicology Laboratory Rodents.
- The samples collected at the beginning of the administration period and during lactation were analysed in the Analytical Laboratory.
- The samples of the gestation were analysed only if any imprecision occurs during the analysis of the samples from the beginning and lactation of the study.
- The last sample date was identified on the accompanying documentation to inform the Analytical Laboratory that the report can be prepared.
- Retain samples were stored frozen at the Laboratory Subchronic/Chronic Toxicity (at -20°C).

Details on mating procedure:

- Premating period: 14 days
- Mating period: until there is evidence of copulation or for maximum 14 days
- M/F ratio per cage: 1 male/1 female
- Length of cohabitation: female was placed into the cage of the male at 16.00 h and seperated from the male between 06.30 and 09.00 h in the following morning.
- Proof of pregnancy: sperm in vaginal smear referred to as (gestation) day 0 of pregnancy
- Pairs: each female was mated with a predetermined male.

Duration of treatment / exposure:

All animals, with the exception of the controls, received the test substance daily by gavage according to the time schedule (exception: no administration to animals being in labor). All animals were daily observed for any clinical signs during the study period. The duration of exposure was at least 28 days, including 14 days of pre-mating.

Frequency of treatment:

Once daily for 7 days/week

Duration of test:

All animals, with the exception of the controls, received the test substance daily by gavage according to the time schedule (exception: no administration to animals being in labor). All animals were daily observed for any clinical signs during the study period. The duration of exposure was at least 28 days, including 14 days of pre-mating.

Dose / conc.:

25 mg/kg bw/day

Remarks:

low-dose level

Dose / conc.:

80 mg/kg bw/day

Remarks:

mid-dose level

Dose / conc.:

250 mg/kg bw/day

Remarks:

high-dose level

No. of animals per sex per dose:

10

Control animals:

yes, concurrent vehicle

yes, historical

Details on study design:

- Dose selection rationale: Doses were determined by performing a 14-day dose range finding study in which doses of 300 and 1000 mg/kg bw/day were tested described in the supporting study record with report number "01R0051/16N02" in section 'Repeated dose toxicity: oral" (BASF, 2017).

Maternal examinations:

CAGE SIDE OBSERVATIONS: Yes
- Time schedule: at least once daily
- Parameters observed: Posture, Tremors, Convulsions, Abnormal movements, Gait, Other findings.

DETAILED CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS: Yes
- Time schedule: twice daily from Mondays to Fridays and once daily on weekends and public holidays
- Parameters observed: Abnormal behavior in handling; Fur; Skin; Posture; Salivation; Respiration; Activity/arousal level; Tremors; Convulsions; Abnormal movements; Gait abnormalities; Lacrimation; Palpebral closure; Exophthalmus (Protruding eyeball); Assessment of the feces excreted during the examination (appearance, consistency); Assessment of the urine excreted during the examination; Pupil size

BODY WEIGHT: Yes
- Time schedule for examinations: once a week at the same time of the day (in the morning)
- During the mating period, the females were weighed on the day of positive evidence of sperm (GD 0) and on GD 7, 14 and 20.
- Females with litter were weighed on the day of parturition (PND 0), PND 4. PND 7 PND 10 and PND 13.
- Females showing no positive evidence of sperm in the vaginal smear were weighed once a week during this mating interval (for the calculation of the administration volume, body weight data of these individuals were only reported in the individual tables).
- Females without litter and after weaning (PND 13) were weighed once a week (for the calculation of the administration volume, body weight data of these individuals were only reported in the individual tables).

FOOD CONSUMPTION AND COMPOUND INTAKE: Yes
- Food consumption for each animal determined and mean daily diet consumption calculated as g food/kg body weight/day: Yes
- Food consumption was determined once a week for the maternal animals.
- Food consumption was determined during the mating period (maternal animals).
- Food consumption of the females with evidence of sperm was determined for GD 0-7, 7-14 and 14-20.
- Food consumption of the females which gave birth to a litter was determined for PND 1-4, 4-7, 7-10 and 10-13.

WATER CONSUMPTION AND COMPOUND INTAKE: Yes
- Time schedule for examinations: daily by visual inspection of the water bottles for any changes in volume

HAEMATOLOGY: Yes
- Time schedule: Prenatal day14
- Anaesthetic used for blood collection: Yes, under isoflurane anesthesia
- Animals fasted: Yes
- How many animals: the first 5 females with litters (in order of delivery) per group at PND 14.
- The following parameters were observed: leukocytes; erythrocytes; haemoglobin; haematocrit; mean corpuscular volume (MCV); mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH); mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC); platelets; differential blood count; reticulocytes; preparation of blood smears (only evaluated blood smears were archived); prothrombin time

CLINICAL CHEMISTRY: Yes
- Time schedule: Prenatal day 14
- Anaesthetic used for blood collection: Yes, under isoflurane anesthesia
- Animals fasted: Yes
- How many animals: the first 5 females with litters (in order of delivery) per group at PND 14.
- The following parameters were observed: alanine aminotransferase; aspartate aminotransferase; alkaline phosphatase; serum y-glutamyl transferase; sodium; potassium ; chloride; inorg. phosphate; calcium; urea; creatinine; glucose; total bilirubin; total protein; albumin; globulins; triglycerides; cholesterol; bile acids.

BEHAVIOUR (FUNCTIONAL FINDINGS): Yes
FUNCTIONAL OBSERVATIONAL BATTERY
- The functional observational battery (FOB) was carried out once, towards the end of the administration period, in the first 5 surviving maternal animals with litter per group (in order of delivery).
- The examinations were generally started in the morning at about 10:00 h. The FOB was carried out in a randomized sequence. The animals were not transferred to new cages before the test, nor were food or drinking water withdrawn. The FOB was started with passive observations without disturbing the rats, followed by removal from the home cage, open field observations in a standard arena and sensory motor tests as well as reflex tests. The findings were ranked according to the degree of severity, if applicable.
- Home cage observation: besides other abnormalities, posture; tremors; convulsions; abnormal movements; gait were observed.
- Open field observation: besides other abnormalities, behavior on removal from the cage, fur, skin, salivation, nasal discharge, lacrimation, eyes/pupil size, posture, palpebral closure, respiration, tremors, convulsions, abnormal movements/stereotypes, gait, activity/arousal level, feces excreted within 2 minutes (appearance/consistency), urine excreted within 2 minutes (amount/color), rearings within 2 minutes and other findings were observed.
- Sensory motor tests/reflex tests: the animals were removed from the open field and were subjected to the sensory motor and reflex tests; reaction to an object being moved towards the face (approach response), touch sensitivity (touch response), vision (visual placing response), pupillary reflex, pinna reflex, audition (startte response), coordination of movements (righting response), behavior during handling, vocalization, pain perception (tail pinch), other findings, grip strength of forelimbs, grip strength of hindlimbs, landing foot-splay test were performed.

MEASUREMENT OF MOTOR ACTIVITY
- The measurement of motor activity (MA) was carried out once, towards the end of the administration period in the first 5 surviving maternal animals with litter per group (in order of delivery).
- For this purpose, the animals were placed in clean polycarbonate cages with a small amount of bedding for the duration of the measurement. The examinations were performed using the TSE Labmaster System supplied by TSE Systems GmbH, Bad Homburg, Germany. Eighteen beams will be allocated per cage.
- The number of beam interrupts were counted over 12 intervals for 5 minutes in each case. The sequence at which the animals were placed in the polycarbonate cages was selected at random. Motor activity measurements were carried out from 14.00 h onwards.
- On account of the measuring variant "staggered", the starting time varied by the time which was needed to place the animals in the cages. For each animal, measurement started individually when the 1st beam was interrupted and ended exactly 1 hour later.
- The animals were given no food or water during the measurements. During measurement the pups were placed in a different room, separated from the dams. After the transfer of the last animal in each case, the room of measurement was darkened. The program required a file name for the measured data to be stored. This name consists of the reference number and a serial number

SACRIFICE
All maternal animals were sacrificed by decapitation under isoflurane anesthesia. The exsanguinated animals were necropsied and assessed by gross pathology, special attention was given to the reproductive organs. Animals which died intercurrently or were sacrificed in a moribund state were necropsied as soon as possible after their death and assessed by gross pathology.

GROSS NECROPSY
Gross necropsy consisted of external and internal examinations including the cervical and thoracic

HISTOPATHOLOGY / ORGAN WEIGHTS
- The following weights were determined in all animals sacrificed on schedule: Anesthetized animals; Ovaries; Thyroid glands; Uterus (with cervix)
- The following weights were determined in females/test group sacrificed on schedule (females with litters only, same animals as used for clinical pathological examinations): Adrenal glands; Brain; Heart; Kidneys; Liver; Spleen; Thymus
- The following organs or tissues of all parental animals were fixed in 4% buffered formaldehyde solution or modified Davidson's solution: All gross lesions; Adrenal glands; Aorta; Bone marrow (femur); Brain; Cecum; Cervix; Coagulating glands; Colon; Duodenum; Eyes with optic nerve; Esophagus; Extraorbital lacrimal glands; Epididymides (modified Davidson's solution); Femur with knee joint; Heart; Ileum; Jejunum (with Peyer's patches); Kidneys; Larynx; Liver; Lungs; Lymph nodes (axillary and mesenteric); Mammary gland; Nose (nasal cavity); Ovaries (modified Davidson's solution); Oviducts; Pancreas; Parathyroid glands; Pharynx; Pituitary gland; Rectum; Salivary glands (mandibular and sublingual); Sciatic nerve; Skeletal muscle; Spinal cord (cervical, thoracic and lumbar cord); Spleen; Sternum with marrow; Stomach (forestomach and glandular stomach); Thymus; Thyroid glands;Trachea ;Urinary bladder; Uterus; Vagina.

Ovaries and uterine content:

The ovaries and uterine content was examined after termination: Yes
Examinations included:
- Uterus weight (with cervix): Yes
- Number of corpora lutea: No data
- Number of implantations: Yes
- Number of early resorptions: Yes
- Number of late resorptions: No data

Fetal examinations:

Pup status and litter size after birth: the status (sex, liveborn or stillborn) and number of all pups delivered from the parents were determined as soon as possible after birth. At the same time, the pups were examined for gross-morphological changes.
- Pup viability/mortality: in general, a check was made for any dead or moribund pups twice daily on workdays (once in the morning and once in the afternoon) or as a rule, only in the morning on weekends and public holidays. Pups, which died before the first determination of their status on the day of birth, were defined as stillborn pups.
- Clinical signs: all live pups were examined daily for clinical symptoms (including gross-morphological findings) during the clinical inspection of the dams. If pups showed particular findings, these were documented with the dam concerned.
- Nipple/areola anlagen: all surviving male pups were examined for the presence of nipple/areola anlagen on PND 13 of the lactation phase. The number of nipple/areola anlagen were counted.
- Body weights: the pups were weighed on the day after birth (PND 1) as well as on PNDs 4, 7 and 13. The body weight determined on PND 1 was also used to determine runts. Those pups whose body weight was ≥ 25% below the mean body weight of the control group (separately according to male and female pups) were defined as runts.
- Anogenital distance: anogenital distance (AGD; defined as the distance from the anus [center of the anal opening] to the base of the genital tubercle) measurements were done blind to treatment in a randomized order, using a measuring ocular, on all live male, female and uncertain pups on day 1 after birth.

THYROID HORMONES: Yes
- Blood samples for T3, T4 and TSH measurement were taken from all surplus pups at PND 4 as well one female pup per litter at PND 13 by decapitation under isoflurane anesthesia.
- If not sufficient serum could be sampled from PND 4 pups, samples were pooled per sex and litter. If not at least 8 pools per sex were sufficient for the hormone measurements, samples were pooled regardless of sex per litter.
- Additionally, blood samples for the above mentioned hormones were taken by puncturing the retrobulbar venous plexus under isoflurane anesthesia from all dams at PND 14 and all adult males at termination. The adults were fastened before the blood sampling.
- Blood samples from the PND 13 pups and the adult males were assessed for serum levels for T4 and TSH.
All generated serum samples were frozen at -80° at least until finalization of the report.

POSTMORTOM EXAMINATIONS
- On PND 4, as a result of standardization, the surplus pups were sacrificed under isoflurane anesthesia by decapitation. Blood was sampled for determination of thyroid hormone concentrations. After sacrifice, the pups were examined externally and eviscerated, and their organs will be assessed macroscopically.
- On PND 13, one selected male and one female pup per litter were sacrificed under isoflurane anesthesia by decapitation. Blood was sampled for determination of thyroid hormone concentrations. Thyroid glands/parathyroid glands were fixed in neutral buffered 4% formaldehyde solution and were transferred to the Pathology Laboratory for possible further processing.
- The remaining pups were sacrificed under isoflurane anesthesia with CO2. After sacrifice, all pups were examined externally and eviscerated, and their organs will be assessed macroscopically.
- Pups that die or were sacrificed in a moribund state were eviscerated and examined for possible defects and/or the cause of death, paying particular attention to potential pericardial blood vessel effects.
- Pups showing clinical symptoms or gross-morphological findings may have been further examined using appropriate methods. Organs/tissues with gross-morphological findings may have been preserved in a suitable manner for potential histopathological examination. All pups without any notable findings were discarded after their macroscopic evaluation.

Statistics:

Statistics of clinical examinations and postmortem examinations of offspring:
- Means and standard deviations were calculated. In addition, the following statistical analyses were carried out:
- Food consumption (parental animals), body weight and body weight change (parental animals and pups; for the pup weights, the litter means were used), gestation days; anogenital distance, anogenital index: DUNNETT test (two-sided)
- Male and female mating indices, male and female fertility indices, females mated, females delivering, gestation index (females with liveborn pups), females with stillborn pups, females with all stillborn pups: FISHER'S EXACT test (one-sided)
- Mating days until day 0 pc, % post implantation loss, pups stillborn, %perinatal loss; nipple development: WILCOXON test (one-sided+) with BONFERRONI-HOLM
- Implantation sites, pups delivered, pups liveborn, life pups day x, viability Index, survival index: WILCOXON test (one-sided-) with BONFERRONI-HOLM
- Rearing, grip strength of forelimbs and hindlimbs, landing foot-splay test, motor activity: KRUSKAL-WALLIS test and WILCOXON test (two-sided)
- % live male day x, % live female day x: WILCOXON test (two-sided)
- Number of cycles and cycle length: KRUSKAL-WALLIS test (two-sided) and WILCOXON test (two-sided)

Statistics of clinical pathology
- Means, medians and standard deviations were calculated
- Clinical pathology parameters: KRUSKAL-WALLIS and WILCOXON

Indices:

Reproductive indices
- Male and female mating indices
- Male and female fertility indices
- Gestation index
- Anogetical index: anogetical distance [mm] / cubic root of pup weight [g]

Offspring indices
- viability Index
- survival index

Historical control data:

Extensive historical control data is available for Wistar rats strain (Crl:WI(Han))

Clinical signs:

no effects observed

Description (incidence and severity):

In test group 3 (250 mg/kg bw/d) black discoloration of feces was observed in male and female animals from pre-mating day 3 onwards until sacrifice. Grey discoloration of skin started on pre-mating day 4, grey discoloration of eyes was observed first on pre-mating day 5 in both sexes. These findings lasted until sacrifice for each animal. In test group 2 (80 mg/kg bw/d) black discoloration of feces, grey discoloration of skin and grey discoloration of eyes were observed in male animals from post-mating day 1 onwards until sacrifice. All findings which appeared in test groups 2 and 3 were assessed to be related to treatment and demonstrated the bioavailability of the test item. None of the mentioned findings occurred in male animals of test group 1 (25 mg/kg bw/d) during pre- and post-mating periods.

During Gestation
In test group 3 (250 mg/kg bw/d) black discoloration of feces, grey discoloration of skin and grey discoloration of eyes were observed in all female animals from gestational day (GD) 0 onwards until end of gestation. In test group 2 (80 mg/kg bw/d) the same kind of findings, i.e. black discoloration of feces, grey discoloration of skin and grey discoloration of eyes, occurred in all female animals starting in individual animals on GD 12. From GD 15 onwards, all animals were affected until end of gestation. All findings which appeared in test groups 2 and 3 were assessed to be related to treatment and demonstrated the bioavailability of the test item. No findings were observed in test group 1 (25 mg/kg bw/d). In test group 0 (control), female animal No. 107 was unable to deliver. A mass in the abdominal region was palpable between GD 25 to GD 39. The mass disappeared on GD 40. A relation to treatment could be excluded.

During Lactation
In test groups 2 and 3 (80 and 250 mg/kg bw/d) black discoloration of feces, grey discoloration of skin and grey discoloration of eyes were still observable in all female animals from postnatal day (PND) 0 onwards until end of the lactation period. Again, no findings were observed in test group 1 (25 mg/kg bw/d).

Detailed clinical observations
In test group 3 (250 mg/kg bw/d) black discoloration of feces grey discoloration of skin and grey discoloration of eyes were observed on study days 7, 14, 21 and 28 in both sexes and, in addition, on study days 35, 42, 49 and 56 in females. In test group 2 (80 mg/kg bw/d) black discoloration of feces, grey discoloration of skin and grey discoloration of eyes were also observed in female animals on study days 35, 42, 49 and 56. These effects were related to the test substance but assessed as being non-adverse. In test group 0 (control), a palpable mass was observed in female animal No. 107 on study days 42 and 49. The mass was not palpable any more on study day 56. A relation to treatment could be excluded.

Dermal irritation (if dermal study):

not examined

Mortality:

no mortality observed

Description (incidence):

No animal died prematurely in the present study.

Body weight and weight changes:

effects observed, treatment-related

Description (incidence and severity):

During the pre-mating period, body weight loss was observed for male and female animals (250 mg/kg bw/d). At later stages, the animals recovered but mean body weights were significantly lower in males and females of test group 3 during the entire application period. These changes were considered to be treatment-related and adverse. No test substance-related changes in mean body weights and mean body weight change values were observed for male and female animals of test groups 1 (25 mg/kg bw/d) and 2 (80 mg/kg bw/d) when compared to the control group. The significantly lower mean body weight of female animals in test group 2 (80 mg/kg bw/d) at the beginning of lactation as well as the significantly lower mean body weight change values of male animals in this test group in the pre-mating phase were regarded to be incidental and not related to treatment as these changes occurred only sporadically.

Food consumption and compound intake (if feeding study):

effects observed, treatment-related

Description (incidence and severity):

Food consumption values in male animals of test group 3 (250 mg/kg bw/d) were significantly lower during pre-mating (maximum of -15% between study days 0-7). Food consumption values in females of test group 3 (250 mg/kg bw/d) were also significantly lower during premating (except between days 7 -13), gestation and lactation. These changes were assessed to be related to treatment and adverse. During the entire application period, no impairment of food consumption was observed in male and female animals of test groups 1 and 2 (25 and 80 mg/kg bw/d).

Food efficiency:

not examined

Water consumption and compound intake (if drinking water study):

no effects observed

Description (incidence and severity):

No test substance-related changes in water consumption were observed.

Ophthalmological findings:

not examined

Haematological findings:

no effects observed

Description (incidence and severity):

No treatment-related, adverse changes among hematological parameters were observed. In females of test group 3 (250 mg/kg bw/d) absolute reticulocyte counts were significantly increased. This was the only altered red blood cell parameter. No relevant histopathological findings in the spleen were found. Therefore, higher reticulocyte counts were regarded as treatment-related, but not adverse (ECETOC Technical Report No. 85, 2002).

Clinical biochemistry findings:

no effects observed

Description (incidence and severity):

No treatment-related, adverse changes among clinical chemistry parameters were observed. In rats of both sexes of test groups 2 and 3 (80 and 250 mg/kg bw/d) total bilirubin levels were significantly increased. This was the only relevantly changed clinical chemistry parameter. No relevant histopathologic findings were observed in the liver. Because of the bluish-black serum color in these individuals, total bilirubin photometric measurement is especially prone to an interference. Therefore, this change was regarded as incidental and not treatment-related. In females of test group 3 (250 mg/kg bw/d) aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities and in males of test groups 2 and 3 (80 and 250 mg/kg bw/d) creatinine levels were significantly decreased. The AST activity decrease in females of test group 3 was slight (decrease of mean versus control -27%). The mean value for creatinine in males of test group 2 was within, that one of test group 3 marginally below the historical control range (males: creatinine 22.2-29.8 μmol/L). Both alterations were isolated in the individuals of the respective groups. Therefore, these alterations were regarded as maybe treatment-related, but not adverse (ECETOC Technical Report No. 85, 2002).

Urinalysis findings:

not examined

Behaviour (functional findings):

no effects observed

Description (incidence and severity):

Functional observational battery:
Deviations from "zero values" were obtained in several animals. However, as most findings were equally distributed between test-substance treated groups and controls, without a doseresponse relationship or occurred in single animals only, these observations were considered as incidental.
The following examinations were performed during FOB and are assessed individually:
- Home cage observations: No test substance-related, adverse effects were observed.
- Open field observations: No test substance-related, adverse effects were observed.
- Male and female animals of test group 3 (250 mg/kg bw/d) as well as female animals of test group 2 (80 mg/kg bw/d) showed grey discolored skin. One female animal of test group 3 showed black discolored feces.
- Sensorimotor tests/reflexes: No test substance-related, adverse effects were observed.
- Quantitative Parameters: No test substance-related effects were observed.

Motor activity measurements:
Regarding the overall motor activity, no test substance-related deviations were noted for male and female animals. Comparing the single intervals with the control groups, significantly decreased value was measured for female animals of test group 3 (250 mg/kg bw/d) at interval 4. The difference was regarded to be incidental and not related to treatment as no other interval as well as the overall motor activity was not affected. No significant changes were observed for male animals of test groups 1, 2 and 3 (25, 80 and 250 mg/kg bw/d) as well as for female animals of test groups 1 and 2 when compared to the control group.

Immunological findings:

not examined

Organ weight findings including organ / body weight ratios:

no effects observed

Description (incidence and severity):

Absolute organ weights:
The significant decrease of the terminal body weight in males of test group 3 (354.37 g) was within the historical control range (338.67 – 395.56 g). The same occurred in females of test groups 1, 2 and 3 (234.24 g, 231.52 g and 223.10 g), which were all within the historical control values (216.65 – 255.02 g). However, the decreases in males and females of test group 3 (250 mg/kg bw/d) were consistent with clinical observations, and were therefore assumed to be treatment-related. All other mean absolute weight parameters did not show significant differences when compared to the control group 0.

Relative organ weights:
The significant relative weight increase of the kidneys (0.688%) was marginally above the historical control range (0.577 – 0.671%), whereas the significant liver weight increase (2.39%) was within the historical control range (2.126 – 2.45%). Since no treatment-related histopathological changes were noted in both organs, these changes were considered to be secondary to the terminal body weight decreased. All other mean relative weight parameters did not show significant differences when compared to the control group 0.

Gross pathological findings:

no effects observed

Description (incidence and severity):

In test group 3, dark grey discolorations were noted in several organs of males and females including liver, lungs, thymus, kidneys, brain, pancreas, skin, axillary and mesenteric lymph nodes, mandibular glands, mesentery, uterus, ovaries, testes, epididymides, seminal vesicles, prostate and forestomach. In test group 2, the same type of discoloration was noted only in the liver, uterus, testes, seminal vesicles, pancreas and forestomach. Gastrointestinal contents were also dark grey discolored. In addition, several black foci were observed in the margins of the lungs of 2 females in test group 3. These findings were considered treatment-related and reflected the presence of the test substance characterized by a black color. The dark grey discolorations in the organs were no longer observable after the histotechnical processing of the tissue samples and no histopathologic correlate was found. The black color of the foci in the lungs was also no longer
observable, however the foci correlated with multifocal histiocytosis. All other findings occurred either individually or were biologically equally distributed over
control and treatment groups. They were considered to be incidental or spontaneous in origin and without any relation to treatment.

Fertility:
The non-pregnant female animals Nos. 132 and 139 as well as one male mating partner (Nos. 32) did not show relevant gross lesions. However, the male mating partner No. 39 showed a reduced size of the testes and epididymides.

Neuropathological findings:

not examined

Histopathological findings: non-neoplastic:

no effects observed

Description (incidence and severity):

The incidence and grading of multifocal histiocytosis was increased in males and females of test group 3. The black foci in the margins of the lungs of 2 females of test group 3 correlated with moderate multifocal subpleural histiocytosis. However, neither the moderate nor the slight or minimal histiocytosis showed black contents. All other findings occurred either individually or were biologically equally distributed over control and treatment groups. They were considered to be incidental or spontaneous in origin and without any relation to treatment. The stages of spermatogenesis in the testes of males of the high-dose test group were comparable to those of the controls. In high-dose females, the different stages of functional bodies in the ovaries were present and comparable to the control animals.

Fertility
The non-pregnant female animals Nos. 132 and 139 as well as one male mating partner No. 32) did not show relevant histopathological findings. The male mating partner No. 39 presented a hypoplasia of the testes and epididymides with aspermia, which correlated with the reduced size of both organs and explained the infertility of this animal. This finding was considered to be incidental and not treatment-related.

Histopathological findings: neoplastic:

not examined

Other effects:

no effects observed

Description (incidence and severity):

Estrous cycle:
Estrous cycle data revealed regular cycles in the rearing F1 females of all test groups including the control. The mean estrous cycle duration in the different test groups was 4.0 days in test group 0 (control) and 3.9 days in test groups 1 (25 mg/kg bw/d), 2 (80 mg/kg bw/d) and 3 (250 mg/kg bw/d).

Male mating index:
The male mating index calculated after the mating period for F1 litter was 100% in test groups 0 (control), 1 (25 mg/kg bw/d) and 2 (80 mg/kg bw/d) and 90% in test group 3 (250 mg/kg bw/d) as male animal No. 39, which was placed overnight with female animal No. 139, did not mate.

Male fertility index:
Fertility was proven for most of the F0 parental males within the scheduled mating interval to produce F1 litter. Male animal Nos. 32 and 39 of test group 3 (250 mg/kg bw/d), which were placed with female animal Nos. 132 and 139, did not generate F1 pups although sperm was detected at least in female animal No 132. Thus, the male fertility index was 100.0% in test group 0 (control), test group 1 (25 mg/kg bw/d) and test groups 2 (80 mg/kg bw/d) but only 80% in test group 3 (250 mg/kg bw/d; see table 4.2.1.12.2.1.). However, these values reflected the normal range of biological variation inherent in the strain of rats used for this study. A relation to treatment was not considered for male animals of test group 3.

Thyroid hormones:
In parental males of test groups 2 and 3 (80 and 250 mg/kg bw/d) T4 values were significantly increased. However, the values were within historical ranges (adult males T4 44.87-88.29 nmol/L). TSH values of the respective individuals were not significantly altered.

Number of abortions:

no effects observed

Description (incidence and severity):

Gestation index:
The gestation index was 100% in test groups 1 (25 mg/kg bw/d), 2 (80 mg/kg bw/d) and 3 (250 mg/kg bw/d) and 90% in test group 0 (control).

Pre- and post-implantation loss:

effects observed, treatment-related

Description (incidence and severity):

Postimplantation loss:
The postimplantation loss was 16.7% in test group 0 (control), 4.4% in test group 1 (25 mg/kg bw/d), 5.9% in test group 2 (80 mg/kg bw/d) and 25.9% in test group 3 (250 mg/kg bw/d). The values in test groups 0, 1 and 2 reflected the normal range of biological variation inherent in the strain of rats used for this study as all respective values were within the range of the historical control data. The postimplantation loss in test group 3 was clearly outside the range. This change was assessed to be related to treatment and adverse.

Total litter losses by resorption:

not examined

Early or late resorptions:

not examined

Dead fetuses:

no effects observed

Description (incidence and severity):

The rate live birth indices were 100% in all test groups including the control.

Changes in pregnancy duration:

no effects observed

Description (incidence and severity):

The mean duration of gestation was similar in all test groups, i.e. 22.0 days in test groups 0 (0 mg/kg bw/d; control), 1 (25 mg/kg bw/d) and 3 (250 mg/kg bw/d) and 22.2 days in test group
2 (80 mg/kg bw/d). These findings reflected the normal range of biological variation inherent in the strain of rats used for this study as all respective values were within the range of the historical control data.
Migrated Data from removed field(s)
Field "Effects on pregnancy duration" (Path: ENDPOINT_STUDY_RECORD.DevelopmentalToxicityTeratogenicity.ResultsAndDiscussion.ResultsMaternalAnimals.MaternalDevelopmentalToxicity.EffectsOnPregnancyDuration): no effects observed
Field "Description (incidence and severity)" (Path: ENDPOINT_STUDY_RECORD.DevelopmentalToxicityTeratogenicity.ResultsAndDiscussion.ResultsMaternalAnimals.MaternalDevelopmentalToxicity.DescriptionIncidenceAndSeverityEffectsOnPregnancyDuration): The mean duration of gestation was similar in all test groups, i.e. 22.0 days in test groups 0 (0 mg/kg bw/d; control), 1 (25 mg/kg bw/d) and 3 (250 mg/kg bw/d) and 22.2 days in test group
2 (80 mg/kg bw/d). These findings reflected the normal range of biological variation inherent in the strain of rats used for this study as all respective values were within the range of the historical control data.

Changes in number of pregnant:

no effects observed

Description (incidence and severity):

Female mating index:
The female mating index calculated after the mating period for F1 litter was 100% in test groups 0, 1 and 2 (control, 25 and 80 mg/kg bw/d) and 90% in test group 3 (250 mg/kg bw/d). The mean duration until sperm was detected (GD 0) was 3.2 days for test group 0, 2.8 days for test group 1, 2.9 days for test group 2 and 2.1 days for test group 3. No sperm was detected in female animal No. 139 of test group 3. These values reflected the normal range of biological variation inherent in the strain of rats used for this study as all respective values were within the range of the historical control data.

Female fertility index:
Most sperm positive rats delivered pups with the exception of female animal No. 132, which was mated with male animal No. 32 of test group 3 (250 mg/kg bw/d). The animal had spermin vaginal smear but delivered no pups and showed no implants. Thus, the female fertility index was 100% in test group 0 (control), 1 (25 mg/kg bw/d), and 2 (80 mg/kg bw/d) and 88.9% in test group 3 (250 mg/kg bw/d). These values reflected the normal range of biological variation inherent in the strain of rats. The mean duration of gestation was similar in all test groups, i.e. 22.0 days in test groups 0 (0 mg/kg bw/d; control), 1 (25 mg/kg bw/d) and 3 (250 mg/kg bw/d) and 22.2 days in test group 2 (80 mg/kg bw/d). These findings reflected the normal range of biological variation inherent in the strain of rats used for this study as all respective values were within the range of the historical control data.

Key result

Dose descriptor:

NOAEL

Remarks:

systemic toxicity

Effect level:

80 mg/kg bw/day (actual dose received)

Based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect level:

body weight and weight gain

food consumption and compound intake

Key result

Dose descriptor:

NOAEL

Remarks:

fertility

Effect level:

80 mg/kg bw/day (actual dose received)

Based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect level:

pre and post implantation loss

Key result

Abnormalities:

no effects observed

Fetal body weight changes:

effects observed, treatment-related

Description (incidence and severity):

Mean pup body weights/pup body weight changes of all pups in test groups 1 and 2 (25 and 80 mg/kg bw/d) were comparable to the control group. However, mean pup body weights/pup body weight changes were affected in pups of test group 3 (250 mg/kg bw/d) during the entire lactation period. This effect was assessed to be treatment-related and adverse. Each one female runt was seen in test groups 0 (control) and 1 (25 mg/kg bw/d) and one male runt was seen test group 2 (80 mg/kg bw/d) on PND 1. All values were within the range of the biological variation inherent in the strain of rats used for this study.
Migrated Data from removed field(s)
Field "Fetal/pup body weight changes" (Path: ENDPOINT_STUDY_RECORD.DevelopmentalToxicityTeratogenicity.ResultsAndDiscussion.ResultsFetuses.FetalPupBodyWeightChanges): effects observed, treatment-related
Field "Description (incidence and severity)" (Path: ENDPOINT_STUDY_RECORD.DevelopmentalToxicityTeratogenicity.ResultsAndDiscussion.ResultsFetuses.DescriptionIncidenceAndSeverityFetalPupBodyWeightChanges): Mean pup body weights/pup body weight changes of all pups in test groups 1 and 2 (25 and 80 mg/kg bw/d) were comparable to the control group. However, mean pup body weights/pup body weight changes were affected in pups of test group 3 (250 mg/kg bw/d) during the entire lactation period. This effect was assessed to be treatment-related and adverse. Each one female runt was seen in test groups 0 (control) and 1 (25 mg/kg bw/d) and one male runt was seen test group 2 (80 mg/kg bw/d) on PND 1. All values were within the range of the biological variation inherent in the strain of rats used for this study.

Reduction in number of live offspring:

effects observed, treatment-related

Description (incidence and severity):

The mean number of delivered F1 pups per dam was equally distributed among test groups 0, 1, and 2 (control, 25 and 80 mg/kg bw/d). The number of F1 Pups of test group 3 (250 mg/kg bw/d) was significantly decreased (-8.2%). This change was assessed to be related to treatment and adverse.

Changes in sex ratio:

no effects observed

Description (incidence and severity):

The sex distribution and sex ratios of live F1 pups on the day of birth and PND 13 did not show substantial differences between the control and the test substance-treated groups; slight differences were regarded to be spontaneous in nature.

Changes in litter size and weights:

effects observed, treatment-related

Description (incidence and severity):

The mean number of delivered F1 pups per dam was equally distributed among test groups 0, 1, and 2 (control, 25 and 80 mg/kg bw/d). The number of F1 Pups of test group 3 (250 mg/kg bw/d) was significantly decreased (-8.2%). This change was assessed to be related to treatment and adverse.

Changes in postnatal survival:

no effects observed

External malformations:

effects observed, treatment-related

Description (incidence and severity):

Tail abnormalities, i.e. kinked, curled or short tails, occurred in test groups 2 and 3, only, also with increasing incidences by dose and for some individuals in combination. Affected pups were fixed and their skeletons were stained. The skeletal evaluations revealed misshapen, fused, bipartite or absent caudal vertebrae. All tail abnormalities were considered to be treatment-related and assessed to be adverse.

Skeletal malformations:

effects observed, treatment-related

Description (incidence and severity):

Affected pups were fixed and their skeletons were stained. The skeletal evaluations revealed misshapen, fused, bipartite or absent caudal vertebrae. All tail abnormalities were considered to be treatment-related and assessed to be adverse.

Visceral malformations:

not examined

Other effects:

no effects observed

Description (incidence and severity):

Gross pathology:
Nearly all male and female pups of test groups 1 to 3 (25, 80 and 250 mg/kg bw/d) showed grey skin discoloration. Discoloration of liver, thymus and kidneys could be observed in a dose-dependent manner, i.e. increasing incidences from the low to the high-dose group. In addition, stomach and intestinal contents showed black discoloration with the highest incidence in test group 3.

Anogenital Distance:
Anogenital distance and anogenital index were not affected in all F1 pups.

Nipple/areola anlagen:
The apparent number and percentage of male pups having areolae was not influenced by the test substance when examined on PND 13.

Thyroid Hormones:
In female pups of test group 13 (250 mg/kg bw/d) at PND 13 T4 values were significantly increased. However, the values were within historical ranges (female pups at PND 13 50.04-75.97 nmol/L). TSH values of the respective individuals were not significantly altered. At PND 13 no treatment-related alterations of T4 and TSH levels were observed in male pups of test groups 1, 2 and 3 (25, 80 and 250 mg/kg bw/d).

Key result

Dose descriptor:

NOAEL

Effect level:

25 mg/kg bw/day (actual dose received)

Based on:

test mat.

Sex:

male/female

Basis for effect level:

external malformations

skeletal malformations

Key result

Abnormalities:

effects observed, treatment-related

Localisation:

external: tail

skeletal: vertebra

Description (incidence and severity):

Tail abnormalities, i.e. kinked, curled or short tails, occurred in test groups 2 and 3, only, also with increasing incidences by dose and for some individuals in combination. Affected pups were fixed and their skeletons were stained. The skeletal evaluations revealed misshapen, fused, bipartite or absent caudal vertebrae. All tail abnormalities were considered to be treatment-related and assessed to be adverse.

Key result

Developmental effects observed:

yes

Lowest effective dose / conc.:

80 mg/kg bw/day (actual dose received)

Treatment related:

yes

Relation to maternal toxicity:

developmental effects in the absence of maternal toxicity effects

Dose response relationship:

yes

Analyses

Stability

The stability of the test substance in 0.5% sodium carboxymethyl cellulose in drinking water was demonstrated over a period of 7 days at room temperature. As the test substance preparations were not stored longer than this time period, the stability was guaranteed.

Homogeneity

Considering the low relative standard deviation in the homogeneity analysis, it can be concluded that the test item was distributed homogeneously in 0.5% sodium carboxymethyl cellulose in drinking water.

Concentration

The concentrations of Orasol Black X45 in 0.5% sodium carboxymethyl cellulose in drinking water were found to be in the range of 90-110% of the nominal concentration. These results demonstrated the correctness of the concentrations of the test item in 0.5% sodium carboxymethyl cellulose in drinking water.

Food

On the basis of duration of use and the analytical findings with respect to chemical and microbiological contaminants, the diet was found to be suitable. Fed. Reg. Vol. 44, No. 91 of 09 May 1979, p. 27354 (EPA), served as a guideline for maximum tolerable chemical contaminants. The number of microorganisms did not exceed 1*105/g food.

Drinking water

On the basis of the analytical findings the drinking water was found to be suitable. German “Trinkwasserverordnung” (Drinking Water Regulation) served as a guideline for maximum

Bedding and enrichment

On the basis of the analytical findings, the bedding and the enrichment are found to be suitable. Levels given in Lab. Animal, Nov-Dec 1979, pp. 24-34, served as a guideline for maximum tolerable contaminants.

 

Table 1 Sex ratio of live F1 pups

PND 0	Test group 0 (0 mg/kg bw/d)	Test group 1 (25 mg/kg bw/d)	Test group 2 (80 mg/kg bw/d)	Test group 3 (250 mg/kg bw/d)
Live males [%]	50.1	49.3	53.0	52.2
Live females [%]	49.9	50.7	47.0	47.8
PND 13
Live males [%]	50.0	48.8	54.8	43.2
Live females [%]	50.0	51.2	45.2	56.8

 

Table 2 Reproductive parameter indices, in percent

Test group (mg/kg bw/d)	0 (0)	01 (25)	02 (80)	03 (250)
P0 Males
Mating Index	100	100	100	90
Fertility Index	100	100	100	80
P0 Females
Mating Index	100	100	100	90
Fertility Index	100	100	100	88.9
Gestation Index	90	100	100	100
Live birth Index	100	100	100	100
F1 Pups
Viability Index	100	99.3	100	80.8
Survival Index	99.1	100	100	89.5

 

Table 3 Summary – Pup Necropsy Observations on Tail abnormalities

 

Sex: Male
			Test Group 0 /M 0 mg/kg bw/d	Test Group 1 /M 25 mg/kg bw/d	Test Group 2 /M 80 mg/kg bw/d	Test Group 3 /M 250 mg/kg bw/d
Animals examined		N	59	62	60	32
Day 0->13	Tail	N	0	0	2	13
		%	0.0	0.0	3.3	40.6
	kinked	N	0	0	1	10
		%	0.0	0.0	1.7	31.2
	curled	N	0	0	1.	3
		%	0.0	0.0	1.7	9.4
	short	N	0	0	0	8
		%	0.0	0.0	0.0	25.0
Sex: Female
			Test Group 0 /F 0 mg/kg bw/d	Test Group 1 /F 25 mg/kg bw/d	Test Group 2 /F 80 mg/kg bw/d	Test Group 3 /F 250 mg/kg bw/d
Animals examined		N	55	62	52	34
Day 0->13	Tail	N	0	0	4	9
		%	0.0	0.0	7.7	26.5
	kinked	N	0	0	2	7
		%	0.0	0.0	3.8	20.6
	curled	N	0	0	2	2
		%	0.0	0.0	3.8	5.9
	short	N	0	0	0	4
		%	0.0	0.0	0.0	11.8

 

Table 7 Summary Pup Report Body Weights – BW / Body Weights [g]

 

		Test Group 0 /F 0 mg/kg bw/d	Test Group 1 /F 25 mg/kg bw/d	Test Group 2 /F 80 mg/kg bw/d	Test Group 3 /F 250 mg/kg bw/d
Day 1 Males + Females	Mean	6.6 n	6.6	6.6	6.0
	S.D.	0.4	0.6	0.5	0.6
	N	9	10	10	7
	Deviation Vs Control [%]		0.3	0.2	-9.1
Day 4 Males + Females	Mean	10.4 n	10.0	10.0	8.7 *
	S.D.	0.9	1.3	0.9	1.2
	N	9	10	10	7
	Deviation Vs Control [%]		-3.5	-3.3	-16.0
Day 7 Males + Females	Mean	17.2 n	16.7	16.2	13.5 **
	S.D.	1.3	1.7	1.3	2.8
	N	9	10	10	7
	Deviation Vs Control [%]		-2.9	-5.8	-21.1
Day 13 Males + Females	Mean	31.9 n	30.9	30.3	25.5 **
	S.D.	2.0	1.9	1.8	3.6
	N	9	10	10	7
	Deviation Vs Control [%]		-3.3	-5.2	-20.0
D 1 -> 4 Males + Females	Mean	3.8 n	3.4	3.4	2.7 **
	S.D.	0.5	0.7	0.4	0.7
	N	9	10	10	7
D 4 -> 7 Males + Females	Mean	6.8 n	6.6	6.0	4.8 **
	S.D.	0.5	0.9	0.8	1.7
	N	9	10	10	7
D 7 -> 13 Males + Females	Mean	14.8 n	14.2	14.1	12.0 **
	S.D.	1.0	0.8	0.9	1.3
	N	9	10	10	7
D 1 -> 13 Males + Females	Mean	25.3 n	24.2	23.6	19.6 **
	S.D.	1.6	1.6	1.7	3.1
	N	9	10	10	7

 

D=day

n=DUNNETT

*     p<=0.05

**   p<=0.01

 

 

Cross-reference 2

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

reference to same study

Reference

Endpoint:

short-term repeated dose toxicity: oral

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

2017-03-13 to 2018-03

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

guideline study

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

reference to same study

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

reference to same study

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

reference to other study

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 422 (Combined Repeated Dose Toxicity Study with the Reproduction / Developmental Toxicity Screening Test)

Version / remarks:

29 July 2016

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

other: EPA OPPTS 870.3650 (Combined Repeated Dose Toxicity Study with the Reproduction/Developmental Toxicity Screening Test)

Version / remarks:

July 2000

GLP compliance:

yes (incl. QA statement)

Limit test:

no

Specific details on test material used for the study:

SOURCE OF TEST MATERIAL
- Source and batch No.of test material: 002-150504
- Expiration date of the batch: 29 Apr 2025
- Purity: 99.22 area-% (sum of all peaks, HPLC 231 nm), 99.05 area-% (sum of all peaks, HPLC 323 nm)

STABILITY AND STORAGE CONDITIONS OF TEST MATERIAL
- Stability under storage conditions: guaranteed by the sponsor
- Storage conditions: ambient

Species:

rat

Strain:

Wistar

Remarks:

Crl:WI(Han)

Sex:

male/female

Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:

TEST ANIMALS
- Source: Charles River Laboratories, Research Models and Services, Sulzfeld, Germany
- Females nulliparous and non-pregnant: yes
- Age at study initiation: about 14-15 weeks (males animals); about 13 weeks (female animals)
- Weight at study initiation: (P) Males: 374.6 +/- 13.5 g; Females: 221.4 +/- 7.8 g
- Housing during pre-mating, mating, gestation, lactation, males after mating and females after weaning: Polycarbonate cages type III
- Housing during pre-treatment: Polysulfonate cages Typ 2000P (H-Temp), floor area about 2065 cm2 (610 x 435 x 215 mm); supplied by TECHNIPLAST, Hohenpeiflenberg, Germany
- No of animals per cage: 1; exceptions: during pre-treatment: 5 animals per sex and cage; during mating: 1 male/1 female per cage; during rearing up to PND 13: 1 dam with her litter.
- Bedding: Dust-free wooden bedding
- Diet and water: ad libitum
- Type of diet: Ground Kliba maintenance diet mouse/rat "GLP", Provimi Kliba SA, Kaiseraugst, Switzerland
- Acclimation period: 28 days prior to the beginning of administration period

REASON FOR SELECTION:
The rat is a frequently used laboratory animal, and there is comprehensive experience with this animal species. Moreover, the rat has been proposed as a suitable animal species by the OECD and the EPA. This Wistar rat strain (Crl:WI(Han)) is selected because extensive historical control data is available for these rats.

ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°C): 20-24
- Humidity (%): 30-70
- Air changes (per hr): 15
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): 12 /12

Route of administration:

oral: gavage

Vehicle:

CMC (carboxymethyl cellulose)

Remarks:

0.5% Carboxymethylcellulose suspension in drinking water

Details on oral exposure:

PREPARATION OF DOSING SOLUTIONS:
- Route of administration: Orally by gavage using 3 or 5 mL syringes
- Preparation frequency: The test substance preparations were prepared at intervals which guarantee that the test substance concentrations in the vehicle will remain stable.
- Preparation: Test substance preparations in 0.5% Carboxymethylcellulose suspension in drinking water.
- Form of preparation: suspension
- Carrier: 0.5% Carboxymethylcellulose suspension in drinking water
- Reason for the selection of the route of administration: The oral administration of a test substance has been proved useful worldwide in numerous studies for discovering a potential toxicological profile.

DIET PREPARATION
- Rate of preparation of diet (frequency): at least weekly
- Mixing appropriate amounts with (Type of food): Ground Kliba maintenance diet mouse/rat "GLP", Provimi Kliba SA, Kaiseraugst, Switzerland
- Storage conditions of the preparations: Ambient

VEHICLE
- Concentration in vehicle: 0.5% Carboxymethylcellulose suspension in drinking water
- Amount of vehicle: 10 mL/kg bw/d; the body weight determined most recently was used to calculate the administration volume.

Analytical verification of doses or concentrations:

yes

Details on analytical verification of doses or concentrations:

- At the beginning (during pre-mating), twice during gestation and once during lactation of the study each 3 samples (from the top, middle and bottom of the preparation vessel) were taken from the lowest and highest concentration for potential homogeneity analyses. These samples were used as a concentration control at the same time. At the above mentioned time points additionally one sample from the mid concentration was taken for concentration control analysis.
- All test samples, plus a duplicate set of reserve samples, were withdrawn by staff of the Sub-chronic/Chronic Toxicology Laboratory Rodents.
- The samples collected at the beginning of the administration period and during lactation were analysed in the Analytical Laboratory.
- The samples of the gestation were analysed only if any imprecision occurs during the analysis of the samples from the beginning and lactation of the study.
- The last sample date was identified on the accompanying documentation to inform the Analytical Laboratory that the report can be prepared.
- Retain samples were stored frozen at the Laboratory Subchronic/Chronic Toxicity (at -20°C).

Duration of treatment / exposure:

All animals, with the exception of the controls, received the test substance daily by gavage according to the time schedule (exception: no administration to animals being in labor). All animals were daily observed for any clinical signs during the study period. The duration of exposure was at least 28 days, including 14 days of pre-mating.

Frequency of treatment:

Once daily for 7 days/week

Dose / conc.:

25 mg/kg bw/day (nominal)

Remarks:

low-dose level

Dose / conc.:

80 mg/kg bw/day (nominal)

Remarks:

mid-dose level

Dose / conc.:

250 mg/kg bw/day (nominal)

Remarks:

high-dose level

No. of animals per sex per dose:

10

Control animals:

yes, concurrent vehicle

yes, historical

Details on study design:

- Dose selection rationale: Doses were determined by performing a 14-day dose range finding study in which doses of 300 and 1000 mg/kg bw/day were tested described in the supporting study record with report number "01R0051/16N02" in section 'Repeated dose toxicity: oral" (BASF, 2017).

Positive control:

no

Observations and examinations performed and frequency:

CAGE SIDE OBSERVATIONS: Yes
- Time schedule: at least once daily
- Parameters observed: Posture, Tremors, Convulsions, Abnormal movements, Gait, Other findings.

DETAILED CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS: Yes
- Time schedule: twice daily from Mondays to Fridays and once daily on weekends and public holidays
- Parameters observed: Abnormal behavior in handling; Fur; Skin; Posture; Salivation; Respiration; Activity/arousal level; Tremors; Convulsions; Abnormal movements; Gait abnormalities; Lacrimation; Palpebral closure; Exophthalmus (Protruding eyeball); Assessment of the feces excreted during the examination (appearance, consistency); Assessment of the urine excreted during the examination; Pupil size

BODY WEIGHT: Yes
- Time schedule for examinations: once a week at the same time of the day (in the morning)
- During the mating period, the females were weighed on the day of positive evidence of sperm (GD 0) and on GD 7, 14 and 20.
- Females with litter were weighed on the day of parturition (PND 0), PND 4. PND 7 PND 10 and PND 13.
- Females showing no positive evidence of sperm in the vaginal smear were weighed once a week during this mating interval as were the males (for the calculation of the administration volume, body weight data of these individuals were only reported in the individual tables).
- Females without litter and after weaning (PND 13) were weighed once a week (for the calculation of the administration volume, body weight data of these individuals were only reported in the individual tables).

FOOD CONSUMPTION: Yes
- Food consumption for each animal determined and mean daily diet consumption calculated as g food/kg body weight/day: Yes
- Food consumption was determined once a week for the male and female parental animals.
- Food consumption was determined after the 2nd premating week (male parental animals) and during the mating period (male and female parental animals).
- Food consumption of the females with evidence of sperm was determined for GD 0-7, 7-14 and 14-20.
- Food consumption of the females which gave birth to a litter was determined for PND 1-4, 4-7, 7-10 and 10-13.

WATER CONSUMPTION: Yes
- Time schedule for examinations: daily by visual inspection of the water bottles for any changes in volume

HAEMATOLOGY: Yes
- Time schedule: Prenatal day14
- Anaesthetic used for blood collection: Yes, under isoflurane anesthesia
- Animals fasted: Yes
- How many animals: the first 5 surviving parental males per group at termination and the first 5 females with litters (in order of delivery) per group at PND 14.
- The following parameters were observed: leukocytes; erythrocytes; haemoglobin; haematocrit; mean corpuscular volume (MCV); mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH); mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC); platelets; differential blood count; reticulocytes; preparation of blood smears (only evaluated blood smears were archived); prothrombin time

CLINICAL CHEMISTRY: Yes
- Time schedule: Prenatal day 14
- Anaesthetic used for blood collection: Yes, under isoflurane anesthesia
- Animals fasted: Yes
- How many animals: the first 5 surviving parental males per group at termination and the first 5 females with litters (in order of delivery) per group at PND 14.
- The following parameters were observed: alanine aminotransferase; aspartate aminotransferase; alkaline phosphatase; serum y-glutamyl transferase; sodium; potassium ; chloride; inorg. phosphate; calcium; urea; creatinine; glucose; total bilirubin; total protein; albumin; globulins; triglycerides; cholesterol; bile acids.

THYROID HORMONES: Yes
- Blood samples for T3, T4 and TSH measurement were taken from all surplus pups at PND 4 as well as one male and one female pup per litter at PND 13 by decapitation under isoflurane anesthesia.
- If not sufficient serum could be sampled from PND 4 pups, samples were pooled per sex and litter. If not at least 8 pools per sex were sufficient for the hormone measurements, samples were pooled regardless of sex per litter.
- Additionally, blood samples for the above mentioned hormones were taken by puncturing the retrobulbar venous plexus under isoflurane anesthesia from all dams at PND 14 and all adult males at termination. The adults were fastened before the blood sampling.
- Blood samples from the PND 13 pups and the adult males were assessed for serum levels for T4 and TSH.
All generated serum samples were frozen at -80° at least until finalization of the report.

BEHAVIOUR (FUNCTIONAL FINDINGS): Yes
FUNCTIONAL OBSERVATIONAL BATTERY
- The functional observational battery (FOB) was carried out once, towards the end of the administration period, in the first 5 surviving parental males and the first 5 surviving parental females with litter per group (in order of delivery).
- The examinations were generally started in the morning at about 10:00 h. The FOB was carried out in a randomized sequence. The animals were not h transferred to new cages before the test, nor were food or drinking water withdrawn. The FOB was started with passive observations without disturbing the rats, followed by removal from the home cage, open field observations in a standard arena and sensory motor tests as well as reflex tests. The findings were ranked according to the degree of severity, if applicable.
- Home cage observation: besides other abnormalities, posture; tremors ; convulsions; abnormal movements; gait were observed.
- Open field observation: besides other abnormalities, behavior on removal from the cage, fur, skin, salivation, nasal discharge, lacrimation, eyes/pupil size, posture, palpebral closure, respiration, tremors, convulsions, abnormal movements/stereotypes, gait, activity/arousal level, feces excreted within 2 minutes (appearance/consistency), urine excreted within 2 minutes (amount/color), rearings within 2 minutes and other findings were observed.
- Sensory motor tests/reflex tests: the animals were removed from the open field and were subjected to the sensory motor and reflex tests; reaction to an object being moved towards the face (approach response), touch sensitivity (touch response), vision (visual placing response), pupillary reflex, pinna reflex, audition (startte response), coordination of movements (righting response), behavior during handling, vocalization, pain perception (tail pinch), other findings, grip strength of forelimbs, grip strength of hindlimbs, landing foot-splay test were performed.

MEASUREMENT OF MOTOR ACTIVITY
- The measurement of motor activity (MA) was carried out once, towards the end of the administration period in the first 5 surviving parental males per group and the first 5 surviving parental females with litter per group (in order of delivery).
- For this purpose, the animals were placed in clean polycarbonate cages with a small amount of bedding for the duration of the measurement. The examinations were performed using the TSE Labmaster System supplied by TSE Systems GmbH, Bad Homburg, Germany. Eighteen beams will be allocated per cage.
- The number of beam interrupts were counted over 12 intervals for 5 minutes in each case. The sequence at which the animals were placed in the polycarbonate cages was selected at random. Motor activity measurements were carried out from 14.00 h onwards.
- On account of the measuring variant "staggered", the starting time varied by the time which was needed to place the animals in the cages. For each animal, measurement started individually when the 1st beam was interrupted and ended exactly 1 hour later.
- The animals were given no food or water during the measurements. During measurement the pups were placed in a different room, separated from the dams. After the transfer of the last animal in each case, the room of measurement was darkened. The program required a file name for the measured data to be stored. This name consists of the reference number and a serial number

Sacrifice and pathology:

SACRIFICE
All parental animals were sacrificed by decapitation under isoflurane anesthesia. The exsanguinated animals were necropsied and assessed by gross pathology, special attention was given to the reproductive organs. Animals which died intercurrently or were sacrificed in a moribund state were necropsied as soon as possible after their death and assessed by gross pathology.

GROSS NECROPSY
Gross necropsy consisted of external and internal examinations including the cervical and thoracic

HISTOPATHOLOGY / ORGAN WEIGHTS
- The following weights were determined in all animals sacrificed on schedule: Anesthetized animals; Epididymides; Ovaries; Prostate; Seminal vesicles with coagulating glands; Testes; Thyroid glands; Uterus (with cervix)
- The following weights were determined in 5 animals per sex/test group sacrificed on schedule (females with litters only, same animals as used for clinical pathological examinations): Adrenal glands; Brain; Heart; Kidneys; Liver; Spleen; Thymus
- The following organs or tissues of all parental animals were fixed in 4% buffered formaldehyde solution or modified Davidson's solution: All gross lesions; Adrenal glands; Aorta; Bone marrow (femur); Brain; Cecum; Cervix; Coagulating glands; Colon; Duodenum; Eyes with optic nerve; Esophagus; Extraorbital lacrimal glands; Epididymides (modified Davidson's solution); Femur with knee joint; Heart; Ileum; Jejunum (with Peyer's patches); Kidneys; Larynx; Liver; Lungs; Lymph nodes (axillary and mesenteric); Mammary gland (male and female); Nose (nasal cavity); Ovaries (modified Davidson's solution); Oviducts; Pancreas; Parathyroid glands; Pharynx; Pituitary gland; Prostate gland; Rectum; Salivary glands (mandibular and sublingual); Sciatic nerve; Seminal vesicles; Skeletal muscle; Spinal cord (cervical, thoracic and lumbar cord); Spleen; Sternum with marrow; Stomach (forestomach and glandular stomach); Testes (modified Davidson's solution); Thymus; Thyroid glands;Trachea ;Urinary bladder; Uterus; Vagina.

Statistics:

Statistics of clinical examinations:
- Means and standard deviations were calculated. In addition, the following statistical analyses were carried out:
- Food consumption (parental animals), body weight and body weight change (parental animals): DUNNETT test (two-sided)

Statistics of clinical pathology
- Means, medians and standard deviations were calculated
- Clinical pathology parameters: KRUSKAL-WALLIS and WILCOXON

Clinical signs:

no effects observed

Description (incidence and severity):

In test group 3 (250 mg/kg bw/d) black discoloration of feces was observed in male and female animals from pre-mating day 3 onwards until sacrifice. Grey discoloration of skin started on pre-mating day 4, grey discoloration of eyes was observed first on pre-mating day 5 in both sexes. These findings lasted until sacrifice for each animal. In test group 2 (80 mg/kg bw/d) black discoloration of feces, grey discoloration of skin and grey discoloration of eyes were observed in male animals from post-mating day 1 onwards until sacrifice. All findings which appeared in test groups 2 and 3 were assessed to be related to treatment and demonstrated the bioavailability of the test item. None of the mentioned findings occurred in male animals of test group 1 (25 mg/kg bw/d) during pre- and post-mating periods.

During Gestation
In test group 3 (250 mg/kg bw/d) black discoloration of feces, grey discoloration of skin and grey discoloration of eyes were observed in all female animals from gestational day (GD) 0 onwards until end of gestation. In test group 2 (80 mg/kg bw/d) the same kind of findings, i.e. black discoloration of feces, grey discoloration of skin and grey discoloration of eyes, occurred in all female animals starting in individual animals on GD 12. From GD 15 onwards, all animals were affected until end of gestation. All findings which appeared in test groups 2 and 3 were assessed to be related to treatment and demonstrated the bioavailability of the test item. No findings were observed in test group 1 (25 mg/kg bw/d). In test group 0 (control), female animal No. 107 was unable to deliver. A mass in the abdominal region was palpable between GD 25 to GD 39. The mass disappeared on GD 40. A relation to treatment could be excluded.

During Lactation
In test groups 2 and 3 (80 and 250 mg/kg bw/d) black discoloration of feces, grey discoloration of skin and grey discoloration of eyes were still observable in all female animals from postnatal day (PND) 0 onwards until end of the lactation period. Again, no findings were observed in test group 1 (25 mg/kg bw/d).

Detailed clinical observations
In test group 3 (250 mg/kg bw/d) black discoloration of feces grey discoloration of skin and grey discoloration of eyes were observed on study days 7, 14, 21 and 28 in both sexes and, in addition, on study days 35, 42, 49 and 56 in females. In test group 2 (80 mg/kg bw/d) black discoloration of feces, grey discoloration of skin and grey discoloration of eyes were also observed in female animals on study days 35, 42, 49 and 56. These effects were related to the test substance but assessed as being non-adverse. In test group 0 (control), a palpable mass was observed in female animal No. 107 on study days 42 and 49. The mass was not palpable any more on study day 56. A relation to treatment could be excluded.

Mortality:

no mortality observed

Description (incidence):

No animal died prematurely in the present study.

Body weight and weight changes:

effects observed, treatment-related

Description (incidence and severity):

During the pre-mating period, body weight loss was observed for male and female animals (250 mg/kg bw/d). At later stages, the animals recovered but mean body weights were significantly lower in males and females of test group 3 during the entire application period. These changes were considered to be treatment-related and adverse. No test substance-related changes in mean body weights and mean body weight change values were observed for male and female animals of test groups 1 (25 mg/kg bw/d) and 2 (80 mg/kg bw/d) when compared to the control group. The significantly lower mean body weight of female animals in test group 2 (80 mg/kg bw/d) at the beginning of lactation as well as the significantly lower mean body weight change values of male animals in this test group in the pre-mating phase were regarded to be incidental and not related to treatment as these changes occurred only sporadically.

Food consumption and compound intake (if feeding study):

effects observed, treatment-related

Description (incidence and severity):

Food consumption values in male animals of test group 3 (250 mg/kg bw/d) were significantly lower during pre-mating (maximum of -15% between study days 0-7). Food consumption values in females of test group 3 (250 mg/kg bw/d) were also significantly lower during premating (except between days 7 -13), gestation and lactation. These changes were assessed to be related to treatment and adverse. During the entire application period, no impairment of food consumption was observed in male and female animals of test groups 1 and 2 (25 and 80 mg/kg bw/d).

Food efficiency:

not examined

Water consumption and compound intake (if drinking water study):

no effects observed

Description (incidence and severity):

No test substance-related changes in water consumption were observed.

Ophthalmological findings:

not examined

Haematological findings:

no effects observed

Description (incidence and severity):

No treatment-related, adverse changes among hematological parameters were observed. In females of test group 3 (250 mg/kg bw/d) absolute reticulocyte counts were significantly increased. This was the only altered red blood cell parameter. No relevant histopathological findings in the spleen were found. Therefore, higher reticulocyte counts were regarded as treatment-related, but not adverse (ECETOC Technical Report No. 85, 2002).

Clinical biochemistry findings:

no effects observed

Description (incidence and severity):

No treatment-related, adverse changes among clinical chemistry parameters were observed. In rats of both sexes of test groups 2 and 3 (80 and 250 mg/kg bw/d) total bilirubin levels were significantly increased. This was the only relevantly changed clinical chemistry parameter. No relevant histopathologic findings were observed in the liver. Because of the bluish-black serum color in these individuals, total bilirubin photometric measurement is especially prone to an interference. Therefore, this change was regarded as incidental and not treatment-related. In females of test group 3 (250 mg/kg bw/d) aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities and in males of test groups 2 and 3 (80 and 250 mg/kg bw/d) creatinine levels were significantly decreased. The AST activity decrease in females of test group 3 was slight (decrease of mean versus control -27%). The mean value for creatinine in males of test group 2 was within, that one of test group 3 marginally below the historical control range (males: creatinine 22.2-29.8 μmol/L). Both alterations were isolated in the individuals of the respective groups. Therefore, these alterations were regarded as maybe treatment-related, but not adverse (ECETOC Technical Report No. 85, 2002).

Urinalysis findings:

not examined

Behaviour (functional findings):

no effects observed

Description (incidence and severity):

Functional observational battery:
Deviations from "zero values" were obtained in several animals. However, as most findings were equally distributed between test-substance treated groups and controls, without a doseresponse relationship or occurred in single animals only, these observations were considered as incidental.
The following examinations were performed during FOB and are assessed individually:
- Home cage observations: No test substance-related, adverse effects were observed.
- Open field observations: No test substance-related, adverse effects were observed.
- Male and female animals of test group 3 (250 mg/kg bw/d) as well as female animals of test group 2 (80 mg/kg bw/d) showed grey discolored skin. One female animal of test group 3 showed black discolored feces.
- Sensorimotor tests/reflexes: No test substance-related, adverse effects were observed.
- Quantitative Parameters: No test substance-related effects were observed.

Motor activity measurements:
Regarding the overall motor activity, no test substance-related deviations were noted for male and female animals. Comparing the single intervals with the control groups, significantly decreased value was measured for female animals of test group 3 (250 mg/kg bw/d) at interval 4. The difference was regarded to be incidental and not related to treatment as no other interval as well as the overall motor activity was not affected. No significant changes were observed for male animals of test groups 1, 2 and 3 (25, 80 and 250 mg/kg bw/d) as well as for female animals of test groups 1 and 2 when compared to the control group.

Immunological findings:

not examined

Organ weight findings including organ / body weight ratios:

no effects observed

Description (incidence and severity):

Absolute organ weights:
The significant decrease of the terminal body weight in males of test group 3 (354.37 g) was within the historical control range (338.67 – 395.56 g). The same occurred in females of test groups 1, 2 and 3 (234.24 g, 231.52 g and 223.10 g), which were all within the historical control values (216.65 – 255.02 g). However, the decreases in males and females of test group 3 (250 mg/kg bw/d) were consistent with clinical observations, and were therefore assumed to be treatment-related. All other mean absolute weight parameters did not show significant differences when compared to the control group 0.

Relative organ weights:
The significant relative weight increase of the kidneys (0.688%) was marginally above the historical control range (0.577 – 0.671%), whereas the significant liver weight increase (2.39%) was within the historical control range (2.126 – 2.45%). Since no treatment-related histopathological changes were noted in both organs, these changes were considered to be secondary to the terminal body weight decreased. All other mean relative weight parameters did not show significant differences when compared to the control group 0.

Gross pathological findings:

no effects observed

Description (incidence and severity):

In test group 3, dark grey discolorations were noted in several organs of males and females including liver, lungs, thymus, kidneys, brain, pancreas, skin, axillary and mesenteric lymph nodes, mandibular glands, mesentery, uterus, ovaries, testes, epididymides, seminal vesicles, prostate and forestomach. In test group 2, the same type of discoloration was noted only in the liver, uterus, testes, seminal vesicles, pancreas and forestomach. Gastrointestinal contents were also dark grey discolored. In addition, several black foci were observed in the margins of the lungs of 2 females in test group 3. These findings were considered treatment-related and reflected the presence of the test substance characterized by a black color. The dark grey discolorations in the organs were no longer observable after the histotechnical processing of the tissue samples and no histopathologic correlate was found. The black color of the foci in the lungs was also no longer
observable, however the foci correlated with multifocal histiocytosis. All other findings occurred either individually or were biologically equally distributed over
control and treatment groups. They were considered to be incidental or spontaneous in origin and without any relation to treatment.

Fertility:
The non-pregnant female animals Nos. 132 and 139 as well as one male mating partner (Nos. 32) did not show relevant gross lesions. However, the male mating partner No. 39 showed a reduced size of the testes and epididymides.

Neuropathological findings:

not examined

Histopathological findings: non-neoplastic:

no effects observed

Description (incidence and severity):

The incidence and grading of multifocal histiocytosis was increased in males and females of test group 3. The black foci in the margins of the lungs of 2 females of test group 3 correlated with moderate multifocal subpleural histiocytosis. However, neither the moderate nor the slight or minimal histiocytosis showed black contents. All other findings occurred either individually or were biologically equally distributed over control and treatment groups. They were considered to be incidental or spontaneous in origin and without any relation to treatment. The stages of spermatogenesis in the testes of males of the high-dose test group were comparable to those of the controls. In high-dose females, the different stages of functional bodies in the ovaries were present and comparable to the control animals.

Fertility
The non-pregnant female animals Nos. 132 and 139 as well as one male mating partner No. 32) did not show relevant histopathological findings. The male mating partner No. 39 presented a hypoplasia of the testes and epididymides with aspermia, which correlated with the reduced size of both organs and explained the infertility of this animal. This finding was considered to be incidental and not treatment-related.

Histopathological findings: neoplastic:

not examined

Other effects:

effects observed, treatment-related

Description (incidence and severity):

Estrous cycle:
Estrous cycle data revealed regular cycles in the rearing F1 females of all test groups including the control. The mean estrous cycle duration in the different test groups was 4.0 days in test group 0 (control) and 3.9 days in test groups 1 (25 mg/kg bw/d), 2 (80 mg/kg bw/d) and 3 (250 mg/kg bw/d).

Male mating index:
The male mating index calculated after the mating period for F1 litter was 100% in test groups 0 (control), 1 (25 mg/kg bw/d) and 2 (80 mg/kg bw/d) and 90% in test group 3 (250 mg/kg bw/d) as male animal No. 39, which was placed overnight with female animal No. 139, did not mate.

Male fertility index:
Fertility was proven for most of the F0 parental males within the scheduled mating interval to produce F1 litter. Male animal Nos. 32 and 39 of test group 3 (250 mg/kg bw/d), which were placed with female animal Nos. 132 and 139, did not generate F1 pups although sperm was detected at least in female animal No 132. Thus, the male fertility index was 100.0% in test group 0 (control), test group 1 (25 mg/kg bw/d) and test groups 2 (80 mg/kg bw/d) but only 80% in test group 3 (250 mg/kg bw/d; see table 4.2.1.12.2.1.). However, these values reflected the normal range of biological variation inherent in the strain of rats used for this study. A relation to treatment was not considered for male animals of test group 3.

Female mating index:
The female mating index calculated after the mating period for F1 litter was 100% in test groups 0, 1 and 2 (control, 25 and 80 mg/kg bw/d) and 90% in test group 3 (250 mg/kg bw/d). The mean duration until sperm was detected (GD 0) was 3.2 days for test group 0, 2.8 days for test group 1, 2.9 days for test group 2 and 2.1 days for test group 3. No sperm was detected in female animal No. 139 of test group 3. These values reflected the normal range of biological variation inherent in the strain of rats used for this study as all respective values were within the range of the historical control data.

Female fertility index:
Most sperm positive rats delivered pups with the exception of female animal No. 132, which was mated with male animal No. 32 of test group 3 (250 mg/kg bw/d). The animal had spermin vaginal smear but delivered no pups and showed no implants. Thus, the female fertility index was 100% in test group 0 (control), 1 (25 mg/kg bw/d), and 2 (80 mg/kg bw/d) and 88.9% in test group 3 (250 mg/kg bw/d). These values reflected the normal range of biological variation inherent in the strain of rats. The mean duration of gestation was similar in all test groups, i.e. 22.0 days in test groups 0 (0 mg/kg bw/d; control), 1 (25 mg/kg bw/d) and 3 (250 mg/kg bw/d) and 22.2 days in test group 2 (80 mg/kg bw/d). These findings reflected the normal range of biological variation inherent in the strain of rats used for this study as all respective values were within the range of the historical control data.

Gestation index:
The gestation index was 100% in test groups 1 (25 mg/kg bw/d), 2 (80 mg/kg bw/d) and 3 (250 mg/kg bw/d) and 90% in test group 0 (control).

Live Birth Indices:
The rate live birth indices were 100% in all test groups including the control.

Postimplantation loss:
The postimplantation loss was 16.7% in test group 0 (control), 4.4% in test group 1 (25 mg/kg bw/d), 5.9% in test group 2 (80 mg/kg bw/d) and 25.9% in test group 3 (250 mg/kg bw/d). The values in test groups 0, 1 and 2 reflected the normal range of biological variation inherent in the strain of rats used for this study as all respective values were within the range of the historical control data. The postimplantation loss in test group 3 was clearly outside the range. This change was assessed to be related to treatment and adverse.

Thyroid hormones:
In parental males of test groups 2 and 3 (80 and 250 mg/kg bw/d) and in female pups of test group 13 (250 mg/kg bw/d) at PND 13 T4 values were significantly increased. However, the values were within historical ranges (adult males T4 44.87-88.29 nmol/L; female pups at PND13 50.04-75.97 nmol/L). TSH values of the respective individuals were not significantly altered. At PND 13 no treatment-related alterations of T4 and TSH levels were observed in male pups
of test groups 1, 2 and 3 (25, 80 and 250 mg/kg bw/d).

Key result

Dose descriptor:

NOAEL

Effect level:

80 mg/kg bw/day (actual dose received)

Based on:

test mat.

Sex:

male/female

Basis for effect level:

body weight and weight gain

food consumption and compound intake

Key result

Critical effects observed:

no

Analyses

Stability

The stability of the test substance in 0.5% sodium carboxymethyl cellulose in drinking water was demonstrated over a period of 7 days at room temperature. As the test substance preparations were not stored longer than this time period, the stability was guaranteed.

Homogeneity

Considering the low relative standard deviation in the homogeneity analysis, it can be concluded that the test item was distributed homogeneously in 0.5% sodium carboxymethyl cellulose in drinking water.

Concentration

The concentrations of Orasol Black X45 in 0.5% sodium carboxymethyl cellulose in drinking water were found to be in the range of 90-110% of the nominal concentration. These results demonstrated the correctness of the concentrations of the test item in 0.5% sodium carboxymethyl cellulose in drinking water.

Food

On the basis of duration of use and the analytical findings with respect to chemical and microbiological contaminants, the diet was found to be suitable. Fed. Reg. Vol. 44, No. 91 of 09 May 1979, p. 27354 (EPA), served as a guideline for maximum tolerable chemical contaminants. The number of microorganisms did not exceed 1*105/g food.

Drinking water

On the basis of the analytical findings the drinking water was found to be suitable. German “Trinkwasserverordnung” (Drinking Water Regulation) served as a guideline for maximum

Bedding and enrichment

On the basis of the analytical findings, the bedding and the enrichment are found to be suitable. Levels given in Lab. Animal, Nov-Dec 1979, pp. 24-34, served as a guideline for maximum tolerable contaminants.

 

Table 1 Absolute and relative organ weights

	Males				Females
Test group (mg/kg bw/d)	0 (0)	01 (25)	02 (80)	03 (250)	0 (0)	01 (25)	02 (80)	03 (250)
Terminal body weight	-	97 %	96 %	92 %**	-	96 %*	95 %*	91 %**
Relative organ weight
Kidneys	-	105 %	109 %	116 %**	-	-	-	-
Liver	-	103 %	104 %	111 %**	-	-	-	-
Gross lesions
Several organs, discoloration	0	0	8	10	0	0	10	10
Cecum, discoloration of contents	0	0	10	10	0	0	5	10
Colon, discoloration of contents	0	0	9	10	0	0	5	10
Forestomach, discoloration	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0
Glandular stomach, discoloration of contents	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	10
Jejunum, discoloration of contents	0	0	0	10	0	0	5	10
Lungs, several foci, black	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	2
Histopathology
Histiocytosis, multifocal	1	3	1	6	0	0	0	5
Grade 1	1	3	1	1				3
Grade 2				5				2

*p ≤ 0.05; **p ≤ 0.01

 

Cross-reference 3

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

reference to other study

Reference

Endpoint:

repeated dose toxicity: oral, other

Remarks:

Dose range finder (14 days)

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

supporting study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment

Qualifier:

no guideline followed

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Wistar rats were exposed via the oral route (gavage), at doses of 300 and 1000 mg/kg bw/day, daily for 14 days. Clinical signs, body weight, food consumption, water consumption, haematology, clinical chemistry were observed.

GLP compliance:

no

Limit test:

no

Specific details on test material used for the study:

- name of test substance as used in study report: Orasol Black X45

Species:

rat

Strain:

Wistar

Sex:

male/female

Route of administration:

oral: gavage

Vehicle:

not specified

Analytical verification of doses or concentrations:

not specified

Duration of treatment / exposure:

14 days

Frequency of treatment:

Daily

Dose / conc.:

300 mg/kg bw/day (nominal)

Dose / conc.:

1 000 mg/kg bw/day (nominal)

No. of animals per sex per dose:

4 animals/sex and dose

Control animals:

yes

Details on study design:

Doge range finder (DRF) study serves as a screening study for the OECD 422 guideline study

Observations and examinations performed and frequency:

CAGE SIDE OBSERVATIONS: Yes
- Time schedule: at least once daily

DETAILED CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS: Yes
- Time schedule: day 0, 3, 7, 10, 14

BODY WEIGHT: Yes
- Time schedule for examinations: day 0, 3, 7, 10, 14

FOOD CONSUMPTION: Yes
- Time schedule for examinations: day 0, 3, 7, 10, 14

WATER CONSUMPTION: Yes
- Time schedule for examinations: day 0, 3, 7, 10, 14
- Parameters observed: measurement of the water consumed in grams

HAEMATOLOGY: Yes
- Time schedule for collection of blood: day 15

CLINICAL CHEMISTRY: Yes
- Time schedule for collection of blood: day 15

Sacrifice and pathology:

- Gross pathology: yes
- Parameters observed: Terminal body weight, organ weights of adrenal glands, kidneys, liver, spleen

- Histopathology: yes
- Parameters observed: abnormalities in gross lession, postmortal state, phisical state (discoloration).

Statistics:

- Descriptive statistics (mean, median, standard deviation)
- Wilcoxon test (2-sided)

Clinical signs:

effects observed, treatment-related

Description (incidence and severity):

Adverse effects were observed on animal tested with 1000 mg/kg bw/day.
- Nose encrusted (1/4 males)
- Abdominal position (1/4 males)
- Splayed limbs (4/4 males, 2/4 females)
- Discolored feces (4/4 males and 4/4 females)
- Atonia (1/4 males)
- Hypothermia (1/4 males)
- General condition poor (1/4 males, 2/4 females)
- Discolored skin (4/4 males and 4/4 females)
- Piloerection (4/4 males and 4/4 females)
- Fur smeared (1/4 males, 2/4 females)
- Semiclosed eyelid (4/4 males, 2/4 females)
- Eye discolored (4/4 males and 4/4 females)
- Unsteady gait (1/4 males, 2/4 females)
- Tremors (1/4 females)
- Diarrhea (1/4 females)

Mortality:

mortality observed, treatment-related

Description (incidence):

- Found dead: 2/4 males and 2/4 females (1000 mg/kg bw) and sacrificed moribund: 2/4 males and 2/4 females (1000 mg/kg bw).

Body weight and weight changes:

effects observed, treatment-related

Description (incidence and severity):

Body weight of male animals was decreased after 3 days of treatment. At the dose of 1000 mg/kg bw/d the body weight decrease was more severe than at the dose of 300 mg/kg bw/d.
Body weight of male and females animals was decreased after 14 days of treatment, at the dose of 300 mg/kg bw/d.
Body weight change was significantly different from the control group in males from the 300 mg/kg bw/d group after 14 days (lower increase) and in females from the 300 mg/kg bw/d group after 3 days (decrease instead of increase).

Food consumption and compound intake (if feeding study):

effects observed, treatment-related

Description (incidence and severity):

Decrease in food consumption in comparison with the untreated group of male and female animals

Food efficiency:

not specified

Water consumption and compound intake (if drinking water study):

effects observed, treatment-related

Description (incidence and severity):

Decrease in water consumption in comparison with the untreated group of male and female animals

Ophthalmological findings:

not examined

Haematological findings:

no effects observed

Clinical biochemistry findings:

effects observed, treatment-related

Description (incidence and severity):

- Significantly increased cholosterol (males and females), triglycerides (females) and total bilirubin (males and females) in test group 1 which was treated with 300 mg/kg bw/d.

Urinalysis findings:

no effects observed

Behaviour (functional findings):

not examined

Immunological findings:

not examined

Organ weight findings including organ / body weight ratios:

effects observed, treatment-related

Description (incidence and severity):

- The relative weight of the liver was increased for males at the dose of 300 mg/kg bw/d by 114% (not significant).
- The absolute weight of liver and adrenal glands were increased, compared to the control group, for females at the dose of 300 mg/kg bw/d by respectively 133% and 110% (not significant) and the relative weight of the liver was significantly increased for females at the dose of 300 mg/kg bw/d, compared to the control group, by 114%.

Gross pathological findings:

effects observed, treatment-related

Description (incidence and severity):

Discoloration in 4/4 males and 4/4 females at the dose of 300 and 1000 mg/kg bw/d.

Neuropathological findings:

not examined

Histopathological findings: non-neoplastic:

no effects observed

Histopathological findings: neoplastic:

not examined

Other effects:

not specified

Remarks on result:

not measured/tested

Remarks:

Dose range finder prior to the OECD 442 study, no effect level was determined.

Critical effects observed:

not specified

Data source

Reference

Reference Type:

study report

Title:

Unnamed

Year:

2018

Materials and methods

Test guideline

Test guideline 1

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 422 (Combined Repeated Dose Toxicity Study with the Reproduction / Developmental Toxicity Screening Test)

Version / remarks:

29 July 2016

Test guideline 2

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

other: EPA OPPTS 870.3650 (Combined Repeated Dose Toxicity Study with the Reproduction/Developmental Toxicity Screening Test)

Version / remarks:

July 2000

GLP compliance:

yes

Limit test:

no

Test material

Test material information

Constituent 1

Reference substance name:

Reaction mass of Chromate(1-), [N-[7-hydroxy-8-[(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)azo]-1-naphthalenyl]acetamidato(2-)][1-[(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)azo]-2-naphthalenolato(2-)]-, hydrogen, compd. with N-cyclohexylcyclohexanamine (1:1) and hydrogen bis[1-[(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)azo]-2-naphtholato(2-)]chromate(1-) , compound with dicyclohexylamine (1:1) and hydrogen bis[N-[7-hydroxy-8-[(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)azo]-1-naphthyl]acetamidato(2-)]chromate(1-) , compound with dicyclohexylamine (1:1)

EC Number:

916-865-0

Molecular formula:

C32H18CrN6O8.C12H23N.H, C34H21CrN7O9.C12H23N.H, C36H24CrN8O10.C12H23N.H

IUPAC Name:

Reaction mass of Chromate(1-), [N-[7-hydroxy-8-[(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)azo]-1-naphthalenyl]acetamidato(2-)][1-[(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)azo]-2-naphthalenolato(2-)]-, hydrogen, compd. with N-cyclohexylcyclohexanamine (1:1) and hydrogen bis[1-[(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)azo]-2-naphtholato(2-)]chromate(1-) , compound with dicyclohexylamine (1:1) and hydrogen bis[N-[7-hydroxy-8-[(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)azo]-1-naphthyl]acetamidato(2-)]chromate(1-) , compound with dicyclohexylamine (1:1)

Test material form:

solid

Specific details on test material used for the study:

SOURCE OF TEST MATERIAL
- Source and batch No.of test material: 002-150504
- Expiration date of the batch: 29 Apr 2025
- Purity: 99.22 area-% (sum of all peaks, HPLC 231 nm), 99.05 area-% (sum of all peaks, HPLC 323 nm)

STABILITY AND STORAGE CONDITIONS OF TEST MATERIAL
- Stability under storage conditions: guaranteed by the sponsor
- Storage conditions: ambient

Test animals

Species:

rat

Strain:

Wistar

Remarks:

Crl:WI(Han)

Sex:

male/female

Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:

TEST ANIMALS
- Source: Charles River Laboratories, Research Models and Services, Sulzfeld, Germany
- Females nulliparous and non-pregnant: yes
- Age at study initiation: about 14-15 weeks (males animals); about 13 weeks (female animals)
- Weight at study initiation: (P) Males: 374.6 +/- 13.5 g; Females: 221.4 +/- 7.8 g
- Housing during pre-mating, mating, gestation, lactation, males after mating and females after weaning: Polycarbonate cages type III
- Housing during pre-treatment: Polysulfonate cages Typ 2000P (H-Temp), floor area about 2065 cm2 (610 x 435 x 215 mm); supplied by TECHNIPLAST, Hohenpeiflenberg, Germany
- No of animals per cage: 1; exceptions: during pre-treatment: 5 animals per sex and cage; during mating: 1 male/1 female per cage; during rearing up to PND 13: 1 dam with her litter.
- Bedding: Dust-free wooden bedding
- Diet and water: ad libitum
- Type of diet: Ground Kliba maintenance diet mouse/rat "GLP", Provimi Kliba SA, Kaiseraugst, Switzerland
- Acclimation period: 28 days prior to the beginning of administration period

REASON FOR SELECTION:
The rat is a frequently used laboratory animal, and there is comprehensive experience with this animal species. Moreover, the rat has been proposed as a suitable animal species by the OECD and the EPA. This Wistar rat strain (Crl:WI(Han)) is selected because extensive historical control data is available for these rats.

ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°C): 20-24
- Humidity (%): 30-70
- Air changes (per hr): 15
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): 12 /12

Administration / exposure

Route of administration:

oral: gavage

Vehicle:

CMC (carboxymethyl cellulose)

Remarks:

0.5% Carboxymethylcellulose suspension in drinking water

Details on exposure:

PREPARATION OF DOSING SOLUTIONS:
- Route of administration: Orally by gavage using 3 or 5 mL syringes
- Preparation frequency: The test substance preparations were prepared at intervals which guarantee that the test substance concentrations in the vehicle will remain stable.
- Preparation: Test substance preparations in 0.5% Carboxymethylcellulose suspension in drinking water.
- Form of preparation: suspension
- Carrier: 0.5% Carboxymethylcellulose suspension in drinking water
- Reason for the selection of the route of administration: The oral administration of a test substance has been proved useful worldwide in numerous studies for discovering a potential toxicological profile.

DIET PREPARATION
- Rate of preparation of diet (frequency): at least weekly
- Mixing appropriate amounts with (Type of food): Ground Kliba maintenance diet mouse/rat "GLP", Provimi Kliba SA, Kaiseraugst, Switzerland
- Storage conditions of the preparations: Ambient

VEHICLE
- Concentration in vehicle: 0.5% Carboxymethylcellulose suspension in drinking water
- Amount of vehicle: 10 mL/kg bw/d; the body weight determined most recently was used to calculate the administration volume.

Details on mating procedure:

- Premating period: 14 days
- Mating period: until there is evidence of copulation or for maximum 14 days
- M/F ratio per cage: 1 male/1 female
- Length of cohabitation: female was placed into the cage of the male at 16.00 h and seperated from the male between 06.30 and 09.00 h in the following morning.
- Proof of pregnancy: sperm in vaginal smear referred to as (gestation) day 0 of pregnancy
- Pairs: each female was mated with a predetermined male.

Analytical verification of doses or concentrations:

yes

Details on analytical verification of doses or concentrations:

- At the beginning (during pre-mating), twice during gestation and once during lactation of the study each 3 samples (from the top, middle and bottom of the preparation vessel) were taken from the lowest and highest concentration for potential homogeneity analyses. These samples were used as a concentration control at the same time. At the above mentioned time points additionally one sample from the mid concentration was taken for concentration control analysis.
- All test samples, plus a duplicate set of reserve samples, were withdrawn by staff of the Sub-chronic/Chronic Toxicology Laboratory Rodents.
- The samples collected at the beginning of the administration period and during lactation were analysed in the Analytical Laboratory.
- The samples of the gestation were analysed only if any imprecision occurs during the analysis of the samples from the beginning and lactation of the study.
- The last sample date was identified on the accompanying documentation to inform the Analytical Laboratory that the report can be prepared.
- Retain samples were stored frozen at the Laboratory Subchronic/Chronic Toxicity (at -20°C).

Duration of treatment / exposure:

All animals, with the exception of the controls, received the test substance daily by gavage according to the time schedule (exception: no administration to animals being in labor). All animals were daily observed for any clinical signs during the study period. The duration of exposure was at least 28 days, including 14 days of pre-mating.

Frequency of treatment:

Once daily for 7 days/week

Doses / concentrations

Doses / concentrations 1

Dose / conc.:

25 mg/kg bw/day

Remarks:

low-dose level

Doses / concentrations 2

Dose / conc.:

80 mg/kg bw/day

Remarks:

mid-dose level

Doses / concentrations 3

Dose / conc.:

250 mg/kg bw/day

Remarks:

high-dose level

No. of animals per sex per dose:

10

Control animals:

yes, concurrent vehicle

yes, historical

Details on study design:

- Dose selection rationale: Doses were determined by performing a 14-day dose range finding study in which doses of 300 and 1000 mg/kg bw/day were tested described in the supporting study record with report number "01R0051/16N02" in section 'Repeated dose toxicity: oral" (BASF, 2017).

Positive control:

no

Examinations

Parental animals: Observations and examinations:

CAGE SIDE OBSERVATIONS: Yes
- Time schedule: at least once daily
- Parameters observed: Posture, Tremors, Convulsions, Abnormal movements, Gait, Other findings.

DETAILED CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS: Yes
- Time schedule: twice daily from Mondays to Fridays and once daily on weekends and public holidays
- Parameters observed: Abnormal behavior in handling; Fur; Skin; Posture; Salivation; Respiration; Activity/arousal level; Tremors; Convulsions; Abnormal movements; Gait abnormalities; Lacrimation; Palpebral closure; Exophthalmus (Protruding eyeball); Assessment of the feces excreted during the examination (appearance, consistency); Assessment of the urine excreted during the examination; Pupil size

BODY WEIGHT: Yes
- Time schedule for examinations: once a week at the same time of the day (in the morning)
- During the mating period, the females were weighed on the day of positive evidence of sperm (GD 0) and on GD 7, 14 and 20.
- Females with litter were weighed on the day of parturition (PND 0), PND 4. PND 7 PND 10 and PND 13.
- Females showing no positive evidence of sperm in the vaginal smear were weighed once a week during this mating interval as were the males (for the calculation of the administration volume, body weight data of these individuals were only reported in the individual tables).
- Females without litter and after weaning (PND 13) were weighed once a week (for the calculation of the administration volume, body weight data of these individuals were only reported in the individual tables).

FOOD CONSUMPTION AND COMPOUND INTAKE: Yes
- Food consumption for each animal determined and mean daily diet consumption calculated as g food/kg body weight/day: Yes
- Food consumption was determined once a week for the male and female parental animals.
- Food consumption was determined after the 2nd premating week (male parental animals) and during the mating period (male and female parental animals).
- Food consumption of the females with evidence of sperm was determined for GD 0-7, 7-14 and 14-20.
- Food consumption of the females which gave birth to a litter was determined for PND 1-4, 4-7, 7-10 and 10-13.

WATER CONSUMPTION AND COMPOUND INTAKE: Yes
- Time schedule for examinations: daily by visual inspection of the water bottles for any changes in volume

HAEMATOLOGY: Yes
- Time schedule: Prenatal day14
- Anaesthetic used for blood collection: Yes, under isoflurane anesthesia
- Animals fasted: Yes
- How many animals: the first 5 surviving parental males per group at termination and the first 5 females with litters (in order of delivery) per group at PND 14.
- The following parameters were observed: leukocytes; erythrocytes; haemoglobin; haematocrit; mean corpuscular volume (MCV); mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH); mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC); platelets; differential blood count; reticulocytes; preparation of blood smears (only evaluated blood smears were archived); prothrombin time

CLINICAL CHEMISTRY: Yes
- Time schedule: Prenatal day 14
- Anaesthetic used for blood collection: Yes, under isoflurane anesthesia
- Animals fasted: Yes
- How many animals: the first 5 surviving parental males per group at termination and the first 5 females with litters (in order of delivery) per group at PND 14.
- The following parameters were observed: alanine aminotransferase; aspartate aminotransferase; alkaline phosphatase; serum y-glutamyl transferase; sodium; potassium ; chloride; inorg. phosphate; calcium; urea; creatinine; glucose; total bilirubin; total protein; albumin; globulins; triglycerides; cholesterol; bile acids.

BEHAVIOUR (FUNCTIONAL FINDINGS): Yes
FUNCTIONAL OBSERVATIONAL BATTERY
- The functional observational battery (FOB) was carried out once, towards the end of the administration period, in the first 5 surviving parental males and the first 5 surviving parental females with litter per group (in order of delivery).
- The examinations were generally started in the morning at about 10:00 h. The FOB was carried out in a randomized sequence. The animals were not h transferred to new cages before the test, nor were food or drinking water withdrawn. The FOB was started with passive observations without disturbing the rats, followed by removal from the home cage, open field observations in a standard arena and sensory motor tests as well as reflex tests. The findings were ranked according to the degree of severity, if applicable.
- Home cage observation: besides other abnormalities, posture; tremors ; convulsions; abnormal movements; gait were observed.
- Open field observation: besides other abnormalities, behavior on removal from the cage, fur, skin, salivation, nasal discharge, lacrimation, eyes/pupil size, posture, palpebral closure, respiration, tremors, convulsions, abnormal movements/stereotypes, gait, activity/arousal level, feces excreted within 2 minutes (appearance/consistency), urine excreted within 2 minutes (amount/color), rearings within 2 minutes and other findings were observed.
- Sensory motor tests/reflex tests: the animals were removed from the open field and were subjected to the sensory motor and reflex tests; reaction to an object being moved towards the face (approach response), touch sensitivity (touch response), vision (visual placing response), pupillary reflex, pinna reflex, audition (startte response), coordination of movements (righting response), behavior during handling, vocalization, pain perception (tail pinch), other findings, grip strength of forelimbs, grip strength of hindlimbs, landing foot-splay test were performed.

MEASUREMENT OF MOTOR ACTIVITY
- The measurement of motor activity (MA) was carried out once, towards the end of the administration period in the first 5 surviving parental males per group and the first 5 surviving parental females with litter per group (in order of delivery).
- For this purpose, the animals were placed in clean polycarbonate cages with a small amount of bedding for the duration of the measurement. The examinations were performed using the TSE Labmaster System supplied by TSE Systems GmbH, Bad Homburg, Germany. Eighteen beams will be allocated per cage.
- The number of beam interrupts were counted over 12 intervals for 5 minutes in each case. The sequence at which the animals were placed in the polycarbonate cages was selected at random. Motor activity measurements were carried out from 14.00 h onwards.
- On account of the measuring variant "staggered", the starting time varied by the time which was needed to place the animals in the cages. For each animal, measurement started individually when the 1st beam was interrupted and ended exactly 1 hour later.
- The animals were given no food or water during the measurements. During measurement the pups were placed in a different room, separated from the dams. After the transfer of the last animal in each case, the room of measurement was darkened. The program required a file name for the measured data to be stored. This name consists of the reference number and a serial number

Oestrous cyclicity (parental animals):

- For all females of the pool estrous cycle normality was evaluated before the beginning of the administration period.
- In all parental females in the premating phase, estrous cycle length and normality were evaluated by preparing vaginal smears during a minimum of 2 weeks prior to premating,
- Additionally, on the day of scheduled sacrifice, the estrous status was also determined in all female F0 rats.

Sperm parameters (parental animals):

- Parameters examined in male parental generation: testes (histologically), weight of testes and of epididymides.

Litter observations:

Pup status and litter size after birth: the status (sex, liveborn or stillborn) and number of all pups delivered from the parents were determined as soon as possible after birth. At the same time, the pups were examined for gross-morphological changes.
- Pup viability/mortality: in general, a check was made for any dead or moribund pups twice daily on workdays (once in the morning and once in the afternoon) or as a rule, only in the morning on weekends and public holidays. Pups, which died before the first determination of their status on the day of birth, were defined as stillborn pups.
- Clinical signs: all live pups were examined daily for clinical symptoms (including gross-morphological findings) during the clinical inspection of the dams. If pups showed particular findings, these were documented with the dam concerned.
- Nipple/areola anlagen: all surviving male pups were examined for the presence of nipple/areola anlagen on PND 13 of the lactation phase. The number of nipple/areola anlagen were counted.
- Body weights: the pups were weighed on the day after birth (PND 1) as well as on PNDs 4, 7 and 13. The body weight determined on PND 1 was also used to determine runts. Those pups whose body weight was ≥ 25% below the mean body weight of the control group (separately according to male and female pups) were defined as runts.
- Anogenital distance: anogenital distance (AGD; defined as the distance from the anus [center of the anal opening] to the base of the genital tubercle) measurements were done blind to treatment in a randomized order, using a measuring ocular, on all live male, female and uncertain pups on day 1 after birth.

THYROID HORMONES: Yes
- Blood samples for T3, T4 and TSH measurement were taken from all surplus pups at PND 4 as well as one male and one female pup per litter at PND 13 by decapitation under isoflurane anesthesia.
- If not sufficient serum could be sampled from PND 4 pups, samples were pooled per sex and litter. If not at least 8 pools per sex were sufficient for the hormone measurements, samples were pooled regardless of sex per litter.
- Additionally, blood samples for the above mentioned hormones were taken by puncturing the retrobulbar venous plexus under isoflurane anesthesia from all dams at PND 14 and all adult males at termination. The adults were fastened before the blood sampling.
- Blood samples from the PND 13 pups and the adult males were assessed for serum levels for T4 and TSH.
All generated serum samples were frozen at -80° at least until finalization of the report.

Postmortem examinations (parental animals):

SACRIFICE
All parental animals were sacrificed by decapitation under isoflurane anesthesia. The exsanguinated animals were necropsied and assessed by gross pathology, special attention was given to the reproductive organs. Animals which died intercurrently or were sacrificed in a moribund state were necropsied as soon as possible after their death and assessed by gross pathology.

GROSS NECROPSY
Gross necropsy consisted of external and internal examinations including the cervical and thoracic

HISTOPATHOLOGY / ORGAN WEIGHTS
- The following weights were determined in all animals sacrificed on schedule: Anesthetized animals; Epididymides; Ovaries; Prostate; Seminal vesicles with coagulating glands; Testes; Thyroid glands; Uterus (with cervix) - The following weights were determined in 5 animals per sex/test group sacrificed on schedule (females with litters only, same animals as used for clinical pathological examinations): Adrenal glands; Brain; Heart; Kidneys; Liver; Spleen; Thymus
- The following organs or tissues of all parental animals were fixed in 4% buffered formaldehyde solution or modified Davidson's solution: All gross lesions; Adrenal glands; Aorta; Bone marrow (femur); Brain; Cecum; Cervix; Coagulating glands; Colon; Duodenum; Eyes with optic nerve; Esophagus; Extraorbital lacrimal glands; Epididymides (modified Davidson's solution); Femur with knee joint; Heart; Ileum; Jejunum (with Peyer's patches); Kidneys; Larynx; Liver; Lungs; Lymph nodes (axillary and mesenteric); Mammary gland (male and female); Nose (nasal cavity); Ovaries (modified Davidson's solution); Oviducts; Pancreas; Parathyroid glands; Pharynx; Pituitary gland; Prostate gland; Rectum; Salivary glands (mandibular and sublingual); Sciatic nerve; Seminal vesicles; Skeletal muscle; Spinal cord (cervical, thoracic and lumbar cord); Spleen; Sternum with marrow; Stomach (forestomach and glandular stomach); Testes (modified Davidson's solution); Thymus; Thyroid glands;Trachea ;Urinary bladder; Uterus; Vagina.

Postmortem examinations (offspring):

- On PND 4, as a result of standardization, the surplus pups were sacrificed under isoflurane anesthesia by decapitation. Blood was sampled for determination of thyroid hormone concentrations. After sacrifice, the pups were examined externally and eviscerated, and their organs will be assessed macroscopically.
- On PND 13, one selected male and one female pup per litter were sacrificed under isoflurane anesthesia by decapitation. Blood was sampled for determination of thyroid hormone concentrations. Thyroid glands/parathyroid glands were fixed in neutral buffered 4% formaldehyde solution and were transferred to the Pathology Laboratory for possible further processing.
- The remaining pups were sacrificed under isoflurane anesthesia with CO2. After sacrifice, all pups were examined externally and eviscerated, and their organs will be assessed macroscopically.
- Pups that die or were sacrificed in a moribund state were eviscerated and examined for possible defects and/or the cause of death, paying particular attention to potential pericardial blood vessel effects.
- Pups showing clinical symptoms or gross-morphological findings may have been further examined using appropriate methods. Organs/tissues with gross-morphological findings may have been preserved in a suitable manner for potential histopathological examination. All pups without any notable findings were discarded after their macroscopic evaluation.

Statistics:

Statistics of clinical examinations and postmortem examinations of offspring:
- Means and standard deviations were calculated. In addition, the following statistical analyses were carried out:
- Food consumption (parental animals), body weight and body weight change (parental animals and pups; for the pup weights, the litter means were used), gestation days; anogenital distance, anogenital index: DUNNETT test (two-sided)
- Male and female mating indices, male and female fertility indices, females mated, females delivering, gestation index (females with liveborn pups), females with stillborn pups, females with all stillborn pups: FISHER'S EXACT test (one-sided)
- Mating days until day 0 pc, % post implantation loss, pups stillborn, %perinatal loss; nipple development: WILCOXON test (one-sided+) with BONFERRONI-HOLM
- Implantation sites, pups delivered, pups liveborn, life pups day x, viability Index, survival index: WILCOXON test (one-sided-) with BONFERRONI-HOLM
- Rearing, grip strength of forelimbs and hindlimbs, landing foot-splay test, motor activity: KRUSKAL-WALLIS test and WILCOXON test (two-sided)
- % live male day x, % live female day x: WILCOXON test (two-sided)
- Number of cycles and cycle length: KRUSKAL-WALLIS test (two-sided) and WILCOXON test (two-sided)

Statistics of clinical pathology
- Means, medians and standard deviations were calculated
- Clinical pathology parameters: KRUSKAL-WALLIS and WILCOXON

Reproductive indices:

- Male and female mating indices
- Male and female fertility indices
- Gestation index
- Anogetical index: anogetical distance [mm] / cubic root of pup weight [g]

Offspring viability indices:

- viability Index
- survival index

Results and discussion

Results: P0 (first parental generation)

General toxicity (P0)

Clinical signs:

effects observed, treatment-related

Description (incidence and severity):

In test group 3 (250 mg/kg bw/d) black discoloration of feces was observed in male and female animals from pre-mating day 3 onwards until sacrifice. Grey discoloration of skin started on pre-mating day 4, grey discoloration of eyes was observed first on pre-mating day 5 in both sexes. These findings lasted until sacrifice for each animal. In test group 2 (80 mg/kg bw/d) black discoloration of feces, grey discoloration of skin and grey discoloration of eyes were observed in male animals from post-mating day 1 onwards until sacrifice. All findings which appeared in test groups 2 and 3 were assessed to be related to treatment and demonstrated the bioavailability of the test item. None of the mentioned findings occurred in male animals of test group 1 (25 mg/kg bw/d) during pre- and post-mating periods.

During Gestation
In test group 3 (250 mg/kg bw/d) black discoloration of feces, grey discoloration of skin and grey discoloration of eyes were observed in all female animals from gestational day (GD) 0 onwards until end of gestation. In test group 2 (80 mg/kg bw/d) the same kind of findings, i.e. black discoloration of feces, grey discoloration of skin and grey discoloration of eyes, occurred in all female animals starting in individual animals on GD 12. From GD 15 onwards, all animals were affected until end of gestation. All findings which appeared in test groups 2 and 3 were assessed to be related to treatment and demonstrated the bioavailability of the test item. No findings were observed in test group 1 (25 mg/kg bw/d). In test group 0 (control), female animal No. 107 was unable to deliver. A mass in the abdominal region was palpable between GD 25 to GD 39. The mass disappeared on GD 40. A relation to treatment could be excluded.

During Lactation
In test groups 2 and 3 (80 and 250 mg/kg bw/d) black discoloration of feces, grey discoloration of skin and grey discoloration of eyes were still observable in all female animals from postnatal day (PND) 0 onwards until end of the lactation period. Again, no findings were observed in test group 1 (25 mg/kg bw/d).

Detailed clinical observations
In test group 3 (250 mg/kg bw/d) black discoloration of feces grey discoloration of skin and grey discoloration of eyes were observed on study days 7, 14, 21 and 28 in both sexes and, in addition, on study days 35, 42, 49 and 56 in females. In test group 2 (80 mg/kg bw/d) black discoloration of feces, grey discoloration of skin and grey discoloration of eyes were also observed in female animals on study days 35, 42, 49 and 56. These effects were related to the test substance but assessed as being non-adverse. In test group 0 (control), a palpable mass was observed in female animal No. 107 on study days 42 and 49. The mass was not palpable any more on study day 56. A relation to treatment could be excluded.

Dermal irritation (if dermal study):

not examined

Mortality:

no mortality observed

Description (incidence):

No animal died prematurely in the present study.

Body weight and weight changes:

effects observed, treatment-related

Description (incidence and severity):

During the pre-mating period, body weight loss was observed for male and female animals (250 mg/kg bw/d). At later stages, the animals recovered but mean body weights were significantly lower in males and females of test group 3 during the entire application period. These changes were considered to be treatment-related and adverse. No test substance-related changes in mean body weights and mean body weight change values were observed for male and female animals of test groups 1 (25 mg/kg bw/d) and 2 (80 mg/kg bw/d) when compared to the control group. The significantly lower mean body weight of female animals in test group 2 (80 mg/kg bw/d) at the beginning of lactation as well as the significantly lower mean body weight change values of male animals in this test group in the pre-mating phase were regarded to be incidental and not related to treatment as these changes occurred only sporadically.

Food consumption and compound intake (if feeding study):

effects observed, treatment-related

Description (incidence and severity):

Food consumption values in male animals of test group 3 (250 mg/kg bw/d) were significantly lower during pre-mating (maximum of -15% between study days 0-7). Food consumption values in females of test group 3 (250 mg/kg bw/d) were also significantly lower during premating (except between days 7 -13), gestation and lactation. These changes were assessed to be related to treatment and adverse. During the entire application period, no impairment of food consumption was observed in male and female animals of test groups 1 and 2 (25 and 80 mg/kg bw/d).

Food efficiency:

not examined

Water consumption and compound intake (if drinking water study):

no effects observed

Description (incidence and severity):

No test substance-related changes in water consumption were observed.

Ophthalmological findings:

not examined

Haematological findings:

no effects observed

Description (incidence and severity):

No treatment-related, adverse changes among hematological parameters were observed. In females of test group 3 (250 mg/kg bw/d) absolute reticulocyte counts were significantly increased. This was the only altered red blood cell parameter. No relevant histopathological findings in the spleen were found. Therefore, higher reticulocyte counts were regarded as treatment-related, but not adverse (ECETOC Technical Report No. 85, 2002).

Clinical biochemistry findings:

no effects observed

Description (incidence and severity):

No treatment-related, adverse changes among clinical chemistry parameters were observed. In rats of both sexes of test groups 2 and 3 (80 and 250 mg/kg bw/d) total bilirubin levels were significantly increased. This was the only relevantly changed clinical chemistry parameter. No relevant histopathologic findings were observed in the liver. Because of the bluish-black serum color in these individuals, total bilirubin photometric measurement is especially prone to an interference. Therefore, this change was regarded as incidental and not treatment-related. In females of test group 3 (250 mg/kg bw/d) aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities and in males of test groups 2 and 3 (80 and 250 mg/kg bw/d) creatinine levels were significantly decreased. The AST activity decrease in females of test group 3 was slight (decrease of mean versus control -27%). The mean value for creatinine in males of test group 2 was within, that one of test group 3 marginally below the historical control range (males: creatinine 22.2-29.8 μmol/L). Both alterations were isolated in the individuals of the respective groups. Therefore, these alterations were regarded as maybe treatment-related, but not adverse (ECETOC Technical Report No. 85, 2002).

Urinalysis findings:

not examined

Behaviour (functional findings):

no effects observed

Description (incidence and severity):

Functional observational battery:
Deviations from "zero values" were obtained in several animals. However, as most findings were equally distributed between test-substance treated groups and controls, without a doseresponse relationship or occurred in single animals only, these observations were considered as incidental.
The following examinations were performed during FOB and are assessed individually:
- Home cage observations: No test substance-related, adverse effects were observed.
- Open field observations: No test substance-related, adverse effects were observed.
- Male and female animals of test group 3 (250 mg/kg bw/d) as well as female animals of test group 2 (80 mg/kg bw/d) showed grey discolored skin. One female animal of test group 3 showed black discolored feces.
- Sensorimotor tests/reflexes: No test substance-related, adverse effects were observed.
- Quantitative Parameters: No test substance-related effects were observed.

Motor activity measurements:
Regarding the overall motor activity, no test substance-related deviations were noted for male and female animals. Comparing the single intervals with the control groups, significantly decreased value was measured for female animals of test group 3 (250 mg/kg bw/d) at interval 4. The difference was regarded to be incidental and not related to treatment as no other interval as well as the overall motor activity was not affected. No significant changes were observed for male animals of test groups 1, 2 and 3 (25, 80 and 250 mg/kg bw/d) as well as for female animals of test groups 1 and 2 when compared to the control group.

Immunological findings:

not examined

Organ weight findings including organ / body weight ratios:

no effects observed

Histopathological findings: non-neoplastic:

no effects observed

Description (incidence and severity):

The incidence and grading of multifocal histiocytosis was increased in males and females of test group 3. The black foci in the margins of the lungs of 2 females of test group 3 correlated with moderate multifocal subpleural histiocytosis. However, neither the moderate nor the slight or minimal histiocytosis showed black contents. All other findings occurred either individually or were biologically equally distributed over control and treatment groups. They were considered to be incidental or spontaneous in origin and without any relation to treatment. The stages of spermatogenesis in the testes of males of the high-dose test group were comparable to those of the controls. In high-dose females, the different stages of functional bodies in the ovaries were present and comparable to the control animals.

Fertility
The non-pregnant female animals Nos. 132 and 139 as well as one male mating partner No. 32) did not show relevant histopathological findings. The male mating partner No. 39 presented a hypoplasia of the testes and epididymides with aspermia, which correlated with the reduced size of both organs and explained the infertility of this animal. This finding was considered to be incidental and not treatment-related.

Histopathological findings: neoplastic:

not examined

Other effects:

no effects observed

Description (incidence and severity):

Thyroid hormones:
In parental males of test groups 2 and 3 (80 and 250 mg/kg bw/d) T4 values were significantly increased. However, the values were within historical ranges (adult males T4 44.87-88.29 nmol/L). TSH values of the respective individuals were not significantly altered.

Reproductive function / performance (P0)

Reproductive function: oestrous cycle:

no effects observed

Description (incidence and severity):

Estrous cycle data revealed regular cycles in the rearing F1 females of all test groups including the control. The mean estrous cycle duration in the different test groups was 4.0 days in test group 0 (control) and 3.9 days in test groups 1 (25 mg/kg bw/d), 2 (80 mg/kg bw/d) and 3 (250 mg/kg bw/d).

Reproductive function: sperm measures:

not examined

Reproductive performance:

effects observed, treatment-related

Description (incidence and severity):

Male mating index:
The male mating index calculated after the mating period for F1 litter was 100% in test groups 0 (control), 1 (25 mg/kg bw/d) and 2 (80 mg/kg bw/d) and 90% in test group 3 (250 mg/kg bw/d) as male animal No. 39, which was placed overnight with female animal No. 139, did not mate.

Male fertility index:
Fertility was proven for most of the F0 parental males within the scheduled mating interval to produce F1 litter. Male animal Nos. 32 and 39 of test group 3 (250 mg/kg bw/d), which were placed with female animal Nos. 132 and 139, did not generate F1 pups although sperm was detected at least in female animal No 132. Thus, the male fertility index was 100.0% in test group 0 (control), test group 1 (25 mg/kg bw/d) and test groups 2 (80 mg/kg bw/d) but only 80% in test group 3 (250 mg/kg bw/d; see table 4.2.1.12.2.1.). However, these values reflected the normal range of biological variation inherent in the strain of rats used for this study. A relation to treatment was not considered for male animals of test group 3.

Female mating index:
The female mating index calculated after the mating period for F1 litter was 100% in test groups 0, 1 and 2 (control, 25 and 80 mg/kg bw/d) and 90% in test group 3 (250 mg/kg bw/d). The mean duration until sperm was detected (GD 0) was 3.2 days for test group 0, 2.8 days for test group 1, 2.9 days for test group 2 and 2.1 days for test group 3. No sperm was detected in female animal No. 139 of test group 3. These values reflected the normal range of biological variation inherent in the strain of rats used for this study as all respective values were within the range of the historical control data.

Female fertility index:
Most sperm positive rats delivered pups with the exception of female animal No. 132, which was mated with male animal No. 32 of test group 3 (250 mg/kg bw/d). The animal had spermin vaginal smear but delivered no pups and showed no implants. Thus, the female fertility index was 100% in test group 0 (control), 1 (25 mg/kg bw/d), and 2 (80 mg/kg bw/d) and 88.9% in test group 3 (250 mg/kg bw/d). These values reflected the normal range of biological variation inherent in the strain of rats. The mean duration of gestation was similar in all test groups, i.e. 22.0 days in test groups 0 (0 mg/kg bw/d; control), 1 (25 mg/kg bw/d) and 3 (250 mg/kg bw/d) and 22.2 days in test group 2 (80 mg/kg bw/d). These findings reflected the normal range of biological variation inherent in the strain of rats used for this study as all respective values were within the range of the historical control data.

Gestation index:
The gestation index was 100% in test groups 1 (25 mg/kg bw/d), 2 (80 mg/kg bw/d) and 3 (250 mg/kg bw/d) and 90% in test group 0 (control).

Live Birth Indices:
The rate live birth indices were 100% in all test groups including the control.

Postimplantation loss:
The postimplantation loss was 16.7% in test group 0 (control), 4.4% in test group 1 (25 mg/kg bw/d), 5.9% in test group 2 (80 mg/kg bw/d) and 25.9% in test group 3 (250 mg/kg bw/d). The values in test groups 0, 1 and 2 reflected the normal range of biological variation inherent in the strain of rats used for this study as all respective values were within the range of the historical control data. The postimplantation loss in test group 3 was clearly outside the range. This change was assessed to be related to treatment and adverse.

Effect levels (P0)

1

Key result

Dose descriptor:

NOAEL

Remarks:

systemic toxicity

Effect level:

80 mg/kg bw/day (actual dose received)

Based on:

test mat.

Sex:

male/female

Basis for effect level:

body weight and weight gain

food consumption and compound intake

2

Key result

Dose descriptor:

NOAEL

Remarks:

fertility

Effect level:

80 mg/kg bw/day (actual dose received)

Based on:

test mat.

Sex:

male/female

Basis for effect level:

other: sign. increased postimplantation loss at 250 mg/kg bw

Target system / organ toxicity (P0)

Key result

Critical effects observed:

no

Results: F1 generation

General toxicity (F1)

Clinical signs:

effects observed, treatment-related

Description (incidence and severity):

All F1 pups of test groups 1 to 3 showed grey discoloration of skin. In addition, increased incidences of tail abnormalities were observed in pups of test groups 2 and 3 (80 and 250 mg/kg bw/d), i.e. 16 male and 15 female pups were affected in test group 3, and 2 male and 5 female pups were affected in test group 2. In test group 3, kink tail was noted for 9 male and 11 female pups, short tail for 10 male and 6 female pups and pigtail (curled tail) for 6 male and 4 female pups; in some pups these types of findings occurred in combination. In test group 2, kink tail was noted for 1 male and 3 female pups and pigtail (curled tail) for 1 male and 2 female pups. Affected pups were fixed and their skeletons were stained. The skeletal evaluations revealed misshapen, fused, bipartite or absent caudal vertebrae. All tail abnormalities were considered to be treatment-related and assessed to be adverse. An abnormal flexibility of the limb was observed in 1 male pup. The finding was also considered to be related to treatment.

Dermal irritation (if dermal study):

not examined

Mortality / viability:

mortality observed, treatment-related

Description (incidence and severity):

The viability index indicating pup mortality between PND 0 and 4 was 100.0% in test group 0 (control), 99.3% in test group 1 (25 mg/kg bw/d), 100.0% in test group 2 (80 mg/kg bw/d) and 80.8% in test group 3 (250 mg/kg bw/d). Although the value for test group 3 was not statistically significantly altered, the reduction by nearly 20% was outside the historical range and considered to be related to treatment.

The rate live birth indices were 99.1% in test group 0, 100.0% in test groups 1 and 2, and 98.5% in test group 3. These values reflected the normal range of biological variation inherent in the strain of rats used for this study as all respective values were within the range of the historical control data.

The number of dams with stillborn pups and mean number of stillborn pups/litter were not significantly increased in test group 3. Also, the mean value of perinatal loss was not increased in test group 3 although female animal Nos. 131, 138 and 140 cannibalized pups in their litters.

Body weight and weight changes:

effects observed, treatment-related

Description (incidence and severity):

Mean pup body weights/pup body weight changes of all pups in test groups 1 and 2 (25 and 80 mg/kg bw/d) were comparable to the control group. However, mean pup body weights/pup body weight changes were affected in pups of test group 3 (250 mg/kg bw/d) during the entire lactation period. This effect was assessed to be treatment-related and adverse. Each one female runt was seen in test groups 0 (control) and 1 (25 mg/kg bw/d) and one male runt was seen test group 2 (80 mg/kg bw/d) on PND 1. All values were within the range of the biological variation inherent in the strain of rats used for this study.

Food consumption and compound intake (if feeding study):

not examined

Food efficiency:

not examined

Water consumption and compound intake (if drinking water study):

not examined

Ophthalmological findings:

not examined

Haematological findings:

not examined

Clinical biochemistry findings:

not examined

Urinalysis findings:

not examined

Sexual maturation:

not examined

Organ weight findings including organ / body weight ratios:

not examined

Gross pathological findings:

effects observed, treatment-related

Description (incidence and severity):

Nearly all male and female pups of test groups 1 to 3 (25, 80 and 250 mg/kg bw/d) showed grey skin discoloration. Discoloration of liver, thymus and kidneys could be observed in a dose-dependent manner, i.e. increasing incidences from the low to the high-dose group. In addition, stomach and intestinal contents showed black discoloration with the highest incidence in test group 3. Tail abnormalities, i.e. kinked, curled or short tails, occurred in test groups 2 and 3, only, also with increasing incidences by dose and for some individuals in combination. Affected pups were fixed and their skeletons were stained. The skeletal evaluations revealed misshapen, fused, bipartite or absent caudal vertebrae. All tail abnormalities were considered to be treatment-related and assessed to be adverse.

Histopathological findings:

not examined

Other effects:

effects observed, treatment-related

Description (incidence and severity):

Pup number and status of delivery:
The mean number of delivered F1 pups per dam was equally distributed among test groups 0, 1, and 2 (control, 25 and 80 mg/kg bw/d). The number of F1 Pups of test group 3 (250 mg/kg bw/d) was significantly decreased (-8.2%). This change was assessed to be related to treatment and adverse.

Anogenital Distance:
Anogenital distance and anogenital index were not affected in all F1 pups.

Nipple/areola anlagen:
The apparent number and percentage of male pups having areolae was not influenced by the test substance when examined on PND 13.

Thyroid Hormones:
In female pups of test group 13 (250 mg/kg bw/d) at PND 13 T4 values were significantly increased. However, the values were within historical ranges (female pups at PND 13 50.04-75.97 nmol/L). TSH values of the respective individuals were not significantly altered. At PND 13 no treatment-related alterations of T4 and TSH levels were observed in male pups of test groups 1, 2 and 3 (25, 80 and 250 mg/kg bw/d).

Developmental neurotoxicity (F1)

Behaviour (functional findings):

not examined

Developmental immunotoxicity (F1)

Developmental immunotoxicity:

not examined

Effect levels (F1)

Key result

Dose descriptor:

NOAEL

Generation:

F1

Effect level:

25 mg/kg bw/day (actual dose received)

Based on:

test mat.

Sex:

male/female

Basis for effect level:

other: developmental toxicity

Target system / organ toxicity (F1)

Key result

Critical effects observed:

yes

Lowest effective dose / conc.:

80 mg/kg bw/day (actual dose received)

System:

musculoskeletal system

Organ:

other: caudal vertebrae

Treatment related:

yes

Dose response relationship:

yes

Overall reproductive toxicity

Key result

Reproductive effects observed:

yes

Lowest effective dose / conc.:

80 mg/kg bw/day (actual dose received)

Treatment related:

yes

Relation to other toxic effects:

reproductive effects in the absence of other toxic effects

Dose response relationship:

yes

Any other information on results incl. tables

Analyses

Stability

The stability of the test substance in 0.5% sodium carboxymethyl cellulose in drinking water was demonstrated over a period of 7 days at room temperature. As the test substance preparations were not stored longer than this time period, the stability was guaranteed.

Homogeneity

Considering the low relative standard deviation in the homogeneity analysis, it can be concluded that the test item was distributed homogeneously in 0.5% sodium carboxymethyl cellulose in drinking water.

Concentration

The concentrations of Orasol Black X45 in 0.5% sodium carboxymethyl cellulose in drinking water were found to be in the range of 90-110% of the nominal concentration. These results demonstrated the correctness of the concentrations of the test item in 0.5% sodium carboxymethyl cellulose in drinking water.

Food

On the basis of duration of use and the analytical findings with respect to chemical and microbiological contaminants, the diet was found to be suitable. Fed. Reg. Vol. 44, No. 91 of 09 May 1979, p. 27354 (EPA), served as a guideline for maximum tolerable chemical contaminants. The number of microorganisms did not exceed 1*105/g food.

Drinking water

On the basis of the analytical findings the drinking water was found to be suitable. German “Trinkwasserverordnung” (Drinking Water Regulation) served as a guideline for maximum

Bedding and enrichment

On the basis of the analytical findings, the bedding and the enrichment are found to be suitable. Levels given in Lab. Animal, Nov-Dec 1979, pp. 24-34, served as a guideline for maximum tolerable contaminants.

Table 1 Male fertility indices for F0 males

	Test group 0 (0 mg/kg bw/d)	Test group 1 (25 mg/kg bw/d)	Test group 2 (80 mg/kg bw/d)	Test group 3 (250 mg/kg bw/d)
Male fertility index [%]	100.0	100.0	100.0	80.0

 

Table 2 Female fertility indices for F0 males

	Test group 0 (0 mg/kg bw/d)	Test group 1 (25 mg/kg bw/d)	Test group 2 (80 mg/kg bw/d)	Test group 3 (250 mg/kg bw/d)
Female fertility index [%]	100.0	100.0	100.0	88.9

Table 3 Reproductive parameter indices, in percent

Test group (mg/kg bw/d)	0 (0)	01 (25)	02 (80)	03 (250)
P0 Males
Mating Index	100	100	100	90
Fertility Index	100	100	100	80
P0 Females
Mating Index	100	100	100	90
Fertility Index	100	100	100	88.9
Gestation Index	90	100	100	100
Live birth Index	100	100	100	100
F1 Pups
Viability Index	100	99.3	100	80.8
Survival Index	99.1	100	100	89.5