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Diss Factsheets

Administrative data

Description of key information

Skin corrosion: Substance is not skin and eye irritating and therefore also not corrosive.

Skin irritation (OECD TG ): Not skin irritating

Eye irritation (OECD TG 438): Not eye irritating

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Skin irritation / corrosion

Link to relevant study records
Reference
Endpoint:
skin irritation: in vitro / ex vivo
Type of information:
experimental study
Adequacy of study:
key study
Study period:
23 November 2016 - 13 January 2017
Reliability:
1 (reliable without restriction)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
guideline study
Qualifier:
according to guideline
Guideline:
OECD Guideline 439 (In Vitro Skin Irritation: Reconstructed Human Epidermis Test Method)
Version / remarks:
28 July 2015
Deviations:
no
GLP compliance:
yes (incl. QA statement)
Test system:
human skin model
Source species:
human
Cell type:
other: epidermal keratinocytes
Cell source:
other: SkinEthic Laboratories, Lyon, France.
Source strain:
other: Not applicable.
Vehicle:
water
Remarks:
The substance was dissolved in water, as this is a solid
Details on test system:
RECONSTRUCTED HUMAN EPIDERMIS (RHE) TISSUE
- Model used: EPISKIN Small ModelTM, 0.38 cm^2
- Tissue batch number: 17-EKIN-002
- Five μL of deionised water was added into 12-well plates on top of the skin tissues.
- The test item was crushed and ground in a mortar with pestle and approximately 10 mg of it applied topically to the corresponding tissues and spread to the wetted tissues.

TEMPERATURE USED FOR TEST SYSTEM
- Temperature used during treatment / exposure: 37 ± 1.5°C

PRE-TEST PROCEDURE:
Assessment of Direct Test Item Reduction of MTT:
MTT Salt Metabolism, Cell Viability Assay:
The MTT assay, a colorimetric method of determining cell viability, is based on reduction of the yellow tetrazolium salt (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide) to a blue formazan salt by mitochondrial succinate dehydrogenase in viable cells. One limitation of the assay is possible interference of the test item with MTT. A test item may directly reduce MTT, thus mimicking dehydrogenase activity of thecellular mitochondria. This property of the test item is only a problem, if at the time of the MTT test (after rinsing) there are still sufficient amounts of the test item present on or in the tissues. In this case, the true metabolic MTT reduction and the false direct MTT reduction can be differentiated and quantified.

Test for Direct MTT Reduction:
For this purpose the test item (approximately 10 mg; the test item was crushed and ground in a mortar with pestle to improve the consistency) was mixed with 90 µL of deionised water in a pre-experiment. The test item/water mixture was gently shaken for 15 minutes at room temperature.
The test item did not dye water during the incubation period. An additional test with viable tissues (normal test procedure but without MTT addition) did not have to be performed.
Assessment of Color Interference with the MTT endpoint:
For correct interpretation of results it is necessary to assess the ability of the test item to directly reduce MTT. To test this, approximately 10 mg of the test item was added to 2 mL of MTT solution (0.3 mg/mL) and the mixture will be incubated in the dark at 37 ± 1.5 °C (5 ± 0.5% CO2) for 3 hours. MTT solution with 10 µL of DMEM was used as the control. Since the colour did not turn blue/purple, the test item was not considered to be a MTT reducer.

PRE-INCUBATION:
Under sterile conditions using sterile forceps, the inserts were transferred into 12-well plates containing the pre-warmed (37 ± 1.5 °C) maintenance medium. The EpiSkin™ tissues were incubated for about 22.5 hours.

TREATMENT:
The test item tissues were wetted with 5 ul of deionized water. The negative control, positive control and the test item were added to the inserts atop the concerning EpiSkin™ triplicate tissues. Exposure period of the tissues in 12-well plates was 15 minutes at room temperature.
After the end of the treatment interval the inserts were immediately removed from the 12-well plate. The tissues were gently rinsed with PBS to remove any residual test material. Excess PBS was removed by gently shaking the inserts and blotting the bottom with blotting paper. The inserts were placed in the plates with 2 mL maintenance medium. The tissues were incubated for approximately 42 hours at 37 ± 1.5 °C, 5 ± 0.5% CO2.

MTT ASSAY:
A 12-well plate was filled with 2 mL assay medium containing 0.3 mg/mL MTT per well.
After the treatment procedure was completed for all tissues the cell culture inserts were transferred from the holding plates to the MTT-plates. After a 3 hour incubation period (37 ± 1.5 °C, 5 ± 0.5% CO2) MTT solution was aspirated from the wells and the wells were rinsed three times with PBS. Tissue samples were cut out of the inserts with a biopsy punch and transferred into plastic vials. The tissue samples were immersed into extractant solution by gently pipetting 0.5 mL extractant solution (isopropanol containing 0.04 N HCl) into each vial. The tissue samples were completely covered by isopropanol. The formazan salt was extracted for nearly 3 hours while shaking at room temperature. Even though the recommended time of extraction is around 2 hours, this longer time of extraction is not expected to influence any results of this test.
Per tissue sample 2 x 200 µL aliquots of the formazan blue solution were transferred into a 96-well flat bottom microtiter plate. OD was read in a microplate reader (Versamax® Molecular Devices, 85737 Ismaning, Germany, version 4.7.1) with 570 nm filter. Mean values were calculated from the 2 wells per tissue sample.

DECISION CRITERIA:
For the current test, a test item is considered irritant if the mean relative tissue viability of three individual tissues is reduced to ≤ 50% of the negative control.
For the current test, a test item is considered non-irritant if the mean relative tissue viability of three individual tissues is > 50% of the negative control.
Control samples:
yes, concurrent negative control
yes, concurrent positive control
Amount/concentration applied:
Test material
- Applied amount: 10 mg in 5 ul deionised water
Duration of treatment / exposure:
15-Minute exposure period
Duration of post-treatment incubation (if applicable):
42 hours post-exposure incubation period
Number of replicates:
A total of 9 tissues were used: Triplicate tissues were treated with: test substance, positive control or negative control.
Irritation / corrosion parameter:
other: relative mean viability
Value:
113.8
Negative controls validity:
valid
Positive controls validity:
valid
Remarks on result:
other: The relative mean tissue viability compared to the negative control tissues (100%).
Other effects / acceptance of results:
Direct MTT Reduction and colour interference:
The optical pre-experiment (colour interference pre-experiment) to investigate the test item’s colour change potential in water did not lead to a change in colour.
Optical evaluation of the MTT-reducing capacity of the test item after 3 hour incubation with MTT-reagent did not show blue colour.

Quality Criteria:
After treatment with the negative control the absorbance values were well within the required acceptability criterion of mean OD ≥ 0.6 till ≤ 1.5 (0.954-1.111) for the 15 minutes treatment interval thus showing the quality of the tissues.
Treatment with the positive control induced a decrease in the relative absorbance as compared to the negative control to 8.1% (≤ 40%) thus ensuring the validity of the test system.
The rel. standard deviations between the % variability values of the test item, the positive and negative controls were below 16% (≤ 18%), thus ensuring the validity of the study.

Mean OD570 Values and Percentage Viabilities for the Negative Control Item, Positive Control Item and Test Item:

Item

OD570 of

tissues

Mean OD570

of triplicate

tissues

Relative SD (%)

Relative

individual

tissue

viability (%)

Relative

mean

viability (%)

Negative

Control Item

1.111

1.053

8.2

105.5

100

1.094

103.9

0.954

90.6

Positive Control Item

0.074

0.086

15.9

7.0

8.1

0.082

7.8

0.101

9.6

Test Item

1.261

1.199

5.3

119.7

113.8

1.200

114.0

1.135

107.8

OD = Optical Density

SD = Standard deviation

∗ = The mean viability of the negative control tissues is set at 100%

Interpretation of results:
other: Not skin irritating
Remarks:
According to Regulation (EC) No. 1272/2008 and its amendments.
Conclusions:
Since the mean relative tissue viability for the substance was above 50%, the substance is considered to be not irritant to skin.
Executive summary:

The possible skin irritation potential of the substance was tested in an in vitro using a human skin model through topical application for 15 minutes. The study procedures described in this report were according to OECD TG 439 guideline and GLP principles. Skin tissue was treated by topical application of 10 mg powdered test substance. After 42 hours incubation period, determination of the cytotoxic (irritancy) effect was performed. Cytotoxicity is expressed as the reduction of mitochondrial dehydrogenase activity measured by formazan production from (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide) MTT at the end of treatment. Skin irritation is expressed as the remaining cell viability after exposure to the test substance. Reliable negative and positive controls were included. The positive control had a mean cell viability after 15 ± 0.5 minutes exposure of 8.1%. The relative mean tissue viability obtained after 15 minutes treatment with the substance compared to the negative control tissue was 113.8%. Since the mean relative tissue viability for the substance was above 50% after 15 minutes treatment, the substance is considered to be not irritant to skin.

Endpoint conclusion
Endpoint conclusion:
no adverse effect observed (not irritating)

Eye irritation

Link to relevant study records
Reference
Endpoint:
eye irritation: in vitro / ex vivo
Type of information:
experimental study
Adequacy of study:
key study
Study period:
12-12-2016 to 08-02-2017
Reliability:
1 (reliable without restriction)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
guideline study
Qualifier:
according to guideline
Guideline:
OECD Guideline 438 (Isolated Chicken Eye Test Method for Identifying i) Chemicals Inducing Serious Eye Damage and ii) Chemicals Not Requiring Classification for Eye Irritation or Serious Eye Damage)
GLP compliance:
yes (incl. QA statement)
Remarks:
Triskelion B.V., Utrechtseweg 48, 3700 AV, Zeist
Species:
other: Eyes of male or female chickens (ROSS, spring chickens)
Details on test animals or tissues and environmental conditions:
SOURCE OF COLLECTED EYES
- Source: Slaughterhouse v.d. Bor, Nijkerkerveen, The Netherlands
- Characteristics of donor animals: Approximately 7 weeks old, male or female chickens, body weight range approximately 1.5-2.5 kg, were used as eye donors.
- Storage, temperature and transport conditions of ocular tissue: Heads of the animals were cut off immediately after sedation of the animals by electric shock and incision of the neck for bleeding, and before they reached the next station on the process line. The heads were placed in small plastic boxes on a bedding of paper tissues moistened with isotonic saline. Next, they were transported to the testing facility. During transportation, the heads were kept at ambient temperature.
- Time interval prior to initiating testing: Within 2 hours after kill, eyes were carefully dissected and placed in a superfusion apparatus.
- Indication of any existing defects or lesions in ocular tissue samples: No
- Indication of any antibiotics used: No
Vehicle:
unchanged (no vehicle)
Amount / concentration applied:
TEST MATERIAL
The test substance (melting point 43.6 °C) was warmed to about 60 °C to facilitate collection by means of the syringe.
Details on study design:
SELECTION AND PREPARATION OF ISOLATED EYES
Within 2 hours after kill, eyes were carefully dissected and placed in a superfusion apparatus using the following procedure: First the eye-lids were carefully removed without damaging the cornea and a small drop of Fluorescein sodium 2.0% w/v was applied to the corneal surface for a few seconds and subsequently rinsed off with isotonic saline at ambient temperature. Next, the head with the fluorescein-treated cornea was examined with a slit-lamp microscope (Slit-lamp 900 BP, Haag-Streit AG, Liebefeld-Bern, Switzerland) to ensure that the cornea was not damaged. If undamaged (e.g., fluorescein retention and corneal opacity scores of ≤ 0.5), the eye was further dissected from the head without damaging the eye or cornea. Care was taken to remove the eye-ball from the orbit without cutting off the optical nerve too short. The enucleated eye was placed in a stainless steel clamp with the cornea positioned vertically and transferred to a chamber of the superfusion apparatus. The clamp holding the eye was positioned in such a way that the entire cornea was supplied with isotonic saline from a bent, stainless steel tube, at a target rate of 0.10-0.15 mL/min. The chambers of the superfusion apparatus as well as the saline were temperature controlled at approximately 32 °C (water pump set at 36.4 °C). After placing in the superfusion apparatus, the eyes were examined again with the slit-lamp microscope to ensure that they were not damaged. An accurate measurement was taken at the corneal apex of each eye. Eyes with a corneal thickness deviating more than 10% of the average corneal thickness of the eyes, eyes showing opacity (score higher than 0.5), or were unacceptably stained with fluorescein (score higher than 0.5) indicating the cornea to be permeable, or eyes that showed any other signs of damage, were rejected as test eyes and replaced.

EQUILIBRATION AND BASELINE RECORDINGS
Each eye provided its own baseline values for corneal swelling, corneal opacity and fluorescein retention. For that purpose, after an equilibration period of 45-60 minutes, the corneal thickness of the eyes was measured again to determine the zero reference value for corneal swelling calculations.

NUMBER OF REPLICATES
Negative control: 1
Positive control: 3
Test group: 3

NEGATIVE CONTROL USED
Physiological saline

POSITIVE CONTROL USED
Benzalkonium Chloride 5%

APPLICATION DOSE AND EXPOSURE TIME
30 μL for 10 seconds

OBSERVATION PERIOD
240 minutes

REMOVAL OF TEST SUBSTANCE
- Volume and washing procedure after exposure period: 20 mL saline. After rinsing, each eye in the holder was returned to its chamber.
- Indicate any deviation from test procedure in the Guideline: none

METHODS FOR MEASURED ENDPOINTS:
- Corneal opacity: Slit-lamp microscope examination
- Damage to epithelium based on fluorescein retention: Slit-lamp microscope examination
- Swelling: measured with optical pachymeter on a slit-lamp microscope; slit-width setting: set at 0.095 mm
- Others: After the final examination, the test substance treated eyes, the negative and positive control eyes were preserved in a neutral aqueous phosphate-buffered 4% solution of formaldehyde. The corneas were embedded in paraffin wax, sectioned at ca 4 μm and stained with PAS (Periodic Acid-Schiff). The microscopic slides were subjected to histopathological examination.

SCORING SYSTEM:
Defined scoring scales were used for each parameter to define the severity of effects into four categories (I-IV).
- Mean corneal swelling (%): According to OECD 438 guideline. Examination of the eyes after 0, 30, 75, 120, 180, and 240 minutes
- Mean maximum opacity score: According to OECD 438 guideline. Examination of the eyes after 0, 30, 75, 120, 180, and 240 minutes
- Mean fluorescein retention score at 30 minutes post-treatment: According to OECD 438 guideline.

DECISION CRITERIA: According to OECD 438 guideline
Irritation parameter:
percent corneal swelling
Run / experiment:
slit-lamp examination
Value:
3
Vehicle controls validity:
not applicable
Negative controls validity:
valid
Positive controls validity:
valid
Remarks on result:
other: maximum mean values
Irritation parameter:
cornea opacity score
Run / experiment:
slit-lamp examination
Value:
0.3
Vehicle controls validity:
not applicable
Negative controls validity:
valid
Positive controls validity:
valid
Remarks on result:
other: maximum mean values
Irritation parameter:
fluorescein retention score
Run / experiment:
slit-lamp examination
Value:
0.3
Vehicle controls validity:
not applicable
Negative controls validity:
valid
Positive controls validity:
valid
Other effects / acceptance of results:
Slit-lamp examination: the test substance caused very slight corneal swelling (mean of 3%), no or slight opacity (mean of 0.3) and no or very slight fluorescein retention (mean of 0.3). The negative control eye did not show any corneal effect and demonstrated that the general conditions during the tests were adequate. The positive control BAC 5% caused severe corneal effects and demonstrated the ICE test valid to detect severe eye irritants.

Microscopic examination of the corneas treated with the test substance revealed very slight vacuolation of the epithelium in one cornea. Microscopic examination of the cornea treated with the negative control (saline) did not reveal any abnormalities. Microscopic examination of the corneas treated with the positive control BAC 5% revealed slight or severe erosion and very slight or slight vacuolation of the epithelium and endothelial necrosis (two corneas).
Interpretation of results:
other: Not eye irritating.
Remarks:
According to EU CLP 1272/2008 and its amendments.
Conclusions:
Under the test conditions (OECD 438 and GLP) the test substance is not considered to be an eye irritant in accordance with the criteria outlined in EU CLP (1272/2008/EC) and its amendments.
Executive summary:

In accordance to OECD guideline 438 and GLP, the test substance was examined for its in vitro eye irritating potential using the Isolated Chicken Eye (ICE) Test. In the ICE test, 3 eyes were exposed to 30 µL test substance for 10 seconds. In addition, one negative control eye (30 µL saline) and three positive control eyes (30 µL Benzalkonium Chloride (BAC)) were tested. After the exposure the eyes were rinsed with 20 mL saline and were examined at approximately 0, 30, 75, 120, 180, and 240 minutes after treatment. The test substance caused very slight corneal swelling (mean of 3%), no or slight opacity (mean of 0.3) and no or very slight fluorescein retention (mean of 0.3). The negative control eye did not show any corneal effect and demonstrated that the general conditions during the tests were adequate. The positive control BAC 5% caused severe corneal effects and demonstrated the ICE test valid to detect severe eye irritants. Microscopic examination of the corneas treated with the test substance revealed very slight vacuolation of the epithelium in one cornea. Microscopic examination of the cornea treated with the negative control (saline) did not reveal any abnormalities. Microscopic examination of the corneas treated with the positive control BAC 5% revealed slight or severe erosion and very slight or slight vacuolation of the epithelium and endothelial necrosis (two corneas). Based on these results, the test substance is considered to be not eye irritating.

Endpoint conclusion
Endpoint conclusion:
no adverse effect observed (not irritating)

Additional information

In vitro skin irritation:

The possible skin irritation potential of the substance was tested in an in vitro using a human skin model through topical application for 15 minutes. The study procedures described in this report were according to OECD TG 439 guideline and GLP principles. Skin tissue was treated by topical application of 10 mg powdered test substance. After 42 hours incubation period, determination of the cytotoxic (irritancy) effect was performed. Cytotoxicity is expressed as the reduction of mitochondrial dehydrogenase activity measured by formazan production from (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide) MTT at the end of treatment. Skin irritation is expressed as the remaining cell viability after exposure to the test substance. Reliable negative and positive controls were included. The positive control had a mean cell viability after 15 ± 0.5 minutes exposure of 8.1%. The relative mean tissue viability obtained after 15 minutes treatment with the substance compared to the negative control tissue was 113.8%. Since the mean relative tissue viability for the substance was above 50% after 15 minutes treatment, the substance is considered to be not irritant to skin.

In vitro eye irritation:

In accordance to OECD guideline 438 and GLP, the test substance was examined for its in vitro eye irritating potential using the Isolated Chicken Eye (ICE) Test. In the ICE test, 3 eyes were exposed to 30 µL test substance for 10 seconds. In addition, one negative control eye (30 µL saline) and three positive control eyes (30 µL Benzalkonium Chloride (BAC)) were tested. After the exposure the eyes were rinsed with 20 mL saline and were examined at approximately 0, 30, 75, 120, 180, and 240 minutes after treatment. The test substance caused very slight corneal swelling (mean of 3%), no or slight opacity (mean of 0.3) and no or very slight fluorescein retention (mean of 0.3). The negative control eye did not show any corneal effect and demonstrated that the general conditions during the tests were adequate. The positive control BAC 5% caused severe corneal effects and demonstrated the ICE test valid to detect severe eye irritants. Microscopic examination of the corneas treated with the test substance revealed very slight vacuolation of the epithelium in one cornea. Microscopic examination of the cornea treated with the negative control (saline) did not reveal any abnormalities. Microscopic examination of the corneas treated with the positive control BAC 5% revealed slight or severe erosion and very slight or slight vacuolation of the epithelium and endothelial necrosis (two corneas). Based on these results, the test substance is considered to be not eye irritating.

Justification for classification or non-classification

Based on the negative result found in the in vitro skin and eye irritation test, the substance does not need to be classified as a skin irritant in accordance with the criteria outlined in Annex I of the CLP Regulation (1272/2008/EC) and its amendments.