Benzyl isobutyrate

Endpoint summary

Description of key information

Short term toxicity to fish:  

In the first acute fish toxicity study of 96 hrs. (EPI suite, ECOSAR version 1.1, 2016) were conducted to assess toxic effects of test chemical and the results were predicted. The study was based on the effects of the test compound on fish in a static fresh water system. The lethal concentration (LC50) for test chemical was predicted to be 18.916 mg/l on the basis of mortality effects. Thus, based on lethal concentration, it can be concluded that test chemical considered as toxic to fish and thus can be classified as aquatic chronic category 3. Since the chemical is readily biodegradable in nature thus it is considered as non-toxic to fish and thus cannot be classified as hazardous as per the CLP criteria.

Short term toxicity to aquatic invertebrate:

Determination of the inhibition of the mobility of daphnids was carried out with the substance. Test conducted according to the OECD Guideline 202. The stock solution 100 mg/l was prepared by dissolving colourless liquid in acetone. Test solutions of required concentrationas were prepared by mixing the stock solution of the test sample with reconstituted test water. The test substance was tested at the concentrations 0, 0, 5, 10, 20, 40, 80 mg/L. Effects on immobilisation were observed for 48 hours. The median effective concentration (EC50) for the test substance benzyl 2-methylpropanoate, in Daphnia magna was determined to be 20.5 mg/L for immobilisation effects. This value indicates that the substance is likely to be hazardous to aquatic invertebrates and can be classified as aquatic chronic 3 category as per the CLP criteria. But as the chemical was readily biodegradable thus it can be concluded that the chemical was nontoxic and not classified as per the CLP classification criteria.

 

Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria:

Freshwater algal growth inhibition test was carried out on Desmodesmus subspicatus with the substance. Test was conducted according to OECD Guideline 201. The stock solution 100 mg/l was prepared by dissolving colourless liquid in acetone. Test solutions of required concentrations were prepared by mixing the stock solution of the test sample with reconstituted test water. The test substance was tested at the concentrations 0, 0, 5, 10, 20, 40, 80 mg/L. Effects on growth rate were observed for 72 hours. The median effective concentration (ErC50) for the test substance, on Desmodesmus subspicatus was determined to be 71.1 mg/L for growth rate effects. This value indicates that the substance is likely to be hazardous to aquatic algae and can be classified as aquatic chronic 3 category as per the CLP criteria. But as the chemical was readily biodegradable thus it can be concluded that the chemical was nontoxic and not classified as per the CLP classification criteria.

 

Toxicity to microorganism:

Muller Hinton agar medium in culture dishes (35*10mm) was used for the measurement of MIC. Various concentrations of fragrance materials were prepared in ethyl alcohol or DMSO depending on the solubility of the materials. The bacteria tested were pre-propagated with sensitivity test broth of NISSUI using shaking culture. The incubated mediums were diluted by 0.75% physiological saline to the microbial concentration of 106CFU/ml. In the Muller Hinton agar medium containing fragrance material, 0.1ml of diluted culture solution was inoculated. MIC was determined as the concentration where no growth was observed after 24hrs at 37°C. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration of Arthrobacter sp.,Corynebacterium minutissimum (CM) ,Staphylococ cus aureus (IAM-1011, (SA)) ,Staphylococcus epidermidis var. (SE), Escherichia coli (ATCC 11775, (EC)) was determine to be > 2000 mg/l (inoculum 105CFU/plate) after 24 hours exposure to test chemical.

Additional information

Short term toxicity to fish:                 

Various experimental and predicted data available for the test chemical and structurally and functionally similar read across chemicals were reviewed to determine the toxic nature of test chemical on the mortality of fish. The studies are as mentioned below:

 

In the first acute fish toxicity study of 96 hrs. (EPI suite, ECOSAR version 1.1, 2016) were conducted to assess toxic effects of test chemical and the results were predicted. The study was based on the effects of the test compound on fish in a static fresh water system. The lethal concentration (LC50) for test chemical was predicted to be 18.916 mg/l on the basis of mortality effects. Thus, based on lethal concentration, it can be concluded that test chemical considered as toxic to fish and thus can be classified as aquatic chronic category 3. Since the chemical is readily biodegradable in nature thus it is considered as non-toxic to fish and thus cannot be classified as hazardous as per the CLP criteria.

 

Prediction done using average value of both models i.e Leadscope and SciMatics SciQSAR model and the result were predicted in Battery model. Based on the Danish (Q)SAR Database, the 96 hours LC50 was estimated to be 5.62 mg/l on Pimephales promelas for substance with mortality effects. Thus based on this value it can be concluded that the substance can be classified as toxic. But as the chemical was readily biodegradable in water thus chemical consider to be nontoxic to fish and not classified as per the CLP classification criteria.

 

Similarly above data was supported by the experimental data from report. This study was designed to access the toxic effects of the test compound on the Zebra fish (Danio rerio). Bowl aquaria containing 4 liters of potable water (passed through reverse osmosis system) were loaded with 8 fishes each. A static procedure was used for the study and it was conducted in compliance with the OECD guideline 203.The nominal concentration selected for the experiment were and test fish were exposed to 6.25 mg/L, 12.5 mg/L, 25 mg/L, 50 mg/L & 100 mg/L concentrations for 96 hours. The test substance was moderately soluble in water. Initially, stock solution was prepared by dissolving 1ml of the test substance in 1 liter of potable water (passed through reverse osmosis system) with 24 hrs of continuous stirring. From this stock solution, further test concentration was prepared for achieving test concentrations of 6.25 mg/L, 12.5 mg/L, 25 mg/L, 50 mg/L & 100 mg/L, respectively.  The median lethal concentration (LC50) for test chemical on Danio rerio in a 96 hours study on the basis of mortality effect was determine to be >12.5 mg/L. Thus, on the basis of this LC50 value and according to CLP criteria for aquatic classification of the substance, it is concluded that the substance, is classified under aquatic chronic 3 category and exhibits short term toxicity to fish. But as the chemical was readily biodegradable in water, thus on that basis, chemical consider to be nontoxic and not classified as per the CLP classification criteria.

 

In experimental study from peer reviewed journal short term toxicity study to Cyprinus carpio was carried out for 44 hrs. Test was performed under flow through conditions. After exposure of test animal to different dose conc. i.e, at 68, 130 and 146 mg/l of test chemical. Glass-fronted, fiberglass tanks were used in the study, no effects were observed on the test animal. Thus, the NOEC value was consider to be 146 mg/l respectively.

Thus based on the all above data and results, chemical consider to be nontoxic and not classified as per the CLP classification criteria.

 

Short term toxicity to aquatic invertebrate:

Determination of the inhibition of the mobility of daphnids was carried out with the substance. Test conducted according to the OECD Guideline 202. The stock solution 100 mg/l was prepared by dissolving colourless liquid in acetone. Test solutions of required concentrationas were prepared by mixing the stock solution of the test sample with reconstituted test water. The test substance was tested at the concentrations 0, 0, 5, 10, 20, 40, 80 mg/L. Effects on immobilisation were observed for 48 hours. The median effective concentration (EC50) for the test substance benzyl 2-methylpropanoate, in Daphnia magna was determined to be 20.5 mg/L for immobilisation effects. This value indicates that the substance is likely to be hazardous to aquatic invertebrates and can be classified as aquatic chronic 3 category as per the CLP criteria. But as the chemical was readily biodegradable thus it can be concluded that the chemical was nontoxic and not classified as per the CLP classification criteria.

 

Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria:

Freshwater algal growth inhibition test was carried out on Desmodesmus subspicatus with the substance. Test was conducted according to OECD Guideline 201. The stock solution 100 mg/l was prepared by dissolving colourless liquid in acetone. Test solutions of required concentrations were prepared by mixing the stock solution of the test sample with reconstituted test water. The test substance was tested at the concentrations 0, 0, 5, 10, 20, 40, 80 mg/L. Effects on growth rate were observed for 72 hours. The median effective concentration (ErC50) for the test substance, on Desmodesmus subspicatus was determined to be 71.1 mg/L for growth rate effects. This value indicates that the substance is likely to be hazardous to aquatic algae and can be classified as aquatic chronic 3 category as per the CLP criteria. But as the chemical was readily biodegradable thus it can be concluded that the chemical was nontoxic and not classified as per the CLP classification criteria.

 

Toxicity to microorganism:

Various studies available for the test chemical and similar read across chemicals were reviewed to determine the toxic nature of test chemical on the growth and other activity of microorganisms. The studies are as mentioned below:

 

 Muller Hinton agar medium in culture dishes (35*10mm) was used for the measurement of MIC. Various concentrations of fragrance materials were prepared in ethyl alcohol or DMSO depending on the solubility of the materials. The bacteria tested were pre-propagated with sensitivity test broth of NISSUI using shaking culture. The incubated mediums were diluted by 0.75% physiological saline to the microbial concentration of 106CFU/ml. In the Muller Hinton agar medium containing fragrance material, 0.1ml of diluted culture solution was inoculated. MIC was determined as the concentration where no growth was observed after 24hrs at 37°C. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration of Arthrobacter sp.,Corynebacterium minutissimum (CM) ,Staphylococ cus aureus (IAM-1011, (SA)) ,Staphylococcus epidermidis var. (SE), Escherichia coli (ATCC 11775, (EC)) was determine to be > 2000 mg/l (inoculum 105CFU/plate) after 24 hours exposure to test chemical.

 

The Minimum Inhibition (MIC) effect of test chemical was observed on Corynebacterium minutissimum (CM), Arthrobacter sp. isolated from Lipo-66, Staphylococcus aureus (IAM-1011, (SA)),Staphylococcus epidermidis var. (SE) and Escherichia coli (ATCC 11775, (EC)) for exposure period of 24 hrs. Muller Hinton agar medium in culture dishes (35*10mm) was used for the measurement of MIC. Various concentrations of fragrance materials were prepared in ethyl alcohol or DMSO depending on the solubility of the materials. The bacteria tested were pre-propagated with sensitivity test broth of NISSUI using shaking culture. The incubated mediums were diluted by 0.75% physiological saline to the microbial concentration of 106CFU/ml. In the Muller Hinton agar medium containing fragrance material, 0.1ml of diluted culture solution was inoculated. MIC was determined as the concentration where no growth was observed after 24hrs at 37°C. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration of test chemical on Corynebacterium minutissimum (CM), Arthrobacter sp. isolated from Lipo-66, Staphylococcus aureus (IAM-1011, (SA)), Staphylococcus epidermidis var. (SE) and Escherichia coli (ATCC 11775, (EC)) microorganisms species was determine to be  >2000 mg/l (inoculum 105CFU/plate) after 24 hours exposure with test chemical.

 

On the basis of above all data for fish, invertebrate and algae, chemical consider to be nontoxic and not classified as per the CLP classification criteria.