α-hydroxy-β,β-dimethyl-γ-butyrolactone

Short-term toxicity to fish

Administrative data

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to fish

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: see 'Remark'

Remarks:

Guideline study; The oxygen content level within the 215 mg/l and 464 mg/l test concentration was observed to fall below 4 mg/l within the first hour of the study. However, the oxygen content was observed to recover quickly and at 4 h was > 6 mg/l, therefore the test can be considered to be valid.

Data source

Reference

Reference Type:

study report

Title:

Unnamed

Year:

1990

Report date:

1990

Materials and methods

Test guideline

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

other: German standard DIN 38 412, part L15

GLP compliance:

no

Test material

Test material information

Constituent 1

Reference substance name:

α-hydroxy-β,β-dimethyl-γ-butyrolactone

EC Number:

209-963-3

EC Name:

α-hydroxy-β,β-dimethyl-γ-butyrolactone

Cas Number:

599-04-2

Molecular formula:

C6H10O3

IUPAC Name:

(3R)-dihydro-3-hydroxy-4,4-dimethyl-2(3H)-furanone

Details on test material:

- Name of test material (as cited in study report): D-Pantolactone (crystalline)
Purity: < 99 %
Water solubility: easily soluble according to the sponsor

Sampling and analysis

Analytical monitoring:

no

Test solutions

Details on test solutions:

PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION (especially for difficult test substances)
- Method: The test item was added to the test water without any pretreatment, subsequently the fish were placed into the aquaria.

Test organisms

Test organisms (species):

Leuciscus idus

Details on test organisms:

TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Golden orfe
- Source: Fischzucht Paul Eggers, 2354 Hohenweststedt, Germany
- Length at study initiation (length definition, mean, range and SD): 8.4 cm (range 7.5 - 9.3 cm)
- Weight at study initiation (mean and range, SD): 6.0 g (range 4.4 - 7.6 g)
- Method of breeding: Duration of housing: about 5 months Mortality during the last 2 weeks of housing: 0 %. Medical treatment: twice with 0.05 mg/l malachite green chloride, once with 10 mg/l tetracycline hydrochloride.
- Feeding during test: 1 day before and during exposure

ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation period: 3 days
- Health during acclimation (any mortality observed): none

Study design

Test type:

static

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

96 h

Test conditions

Hardness:

2.5 mmol/l

Test temperature:

20 - 21 °C

pH:

6.7 - 7.5

Dissolved oxygen:

3.7 - 8.8 mg/l

Nominal and measured concentrations:

Nominal test concentrations: 100, 215, 464 and 1000 mg/l. In addition, a control was tested in parallel.

Details on test conditions:

TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: glass aquaria (30 x 22 x 24 cm)
- Type (delete if not applicable): open / closed
- Fill volume: 10 l
- Aeration: slight
- No. of organisms per vessel: 10
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 1
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 1
- Biomass loading rate: 6 g fish/l test water


TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: reconstituted freshwater according to DIN 38412, Part II, 1982.
- Acid capacity: 0.8 mmol/l
- Conductivity: 4:1



OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Photoperiod: 16 : 8 hours day-night regime


EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) :
Mobility and symptoms of intoxication after 1, 4, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h

Results and discussion

Effect concentrations

Effect concentrations 1

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

LC0

Effect conc.:

464 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Effect concentrations 2

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Effect conc.:

681.2 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Effect concentrations 3

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

LC100

Effect conc.:

1 000 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Reported statistics and error estimates:

The LC50 value was calculated as the geometrical mean of the LC0 (464 mg/l) and LC100 (1000 mg/l) nominal values.

Any other information on results incl. tables

Sublethal observations / clinical signs:

During the 96 h exposure to Test substance, mortalities were as follows:

Nominal test / Cumulative mortality (%) after x hours
concentration / 1 / 4 / 24 / 48 / 72 / 96 /
(mg/l)
Control / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 /
100 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 /
215 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 /
464 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 /
1000 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 90 / 100 / 100 /


Symptoms of intoxication:

Nominal test / Symptoms of intoxication after x hours
concentration / 1 / 4 / 24 / 48 / 72 / 96 /
(mg/l)
Control / - / - / - / - / - / - /
100 / - / - / - / - / - / - /
215 / - / - / - / - / - / - /
464 / - / - / - / - / - / - /
1000 / - / - / AT / AT / + / + /

Definitions of Symptoms:
-: No symptoms
+: All fish dead
A: Apathy
T: Tumbling

Behaviour of the test substance during the test:
No remarkable observations

Chemical Analysis:
No analytical dose-verification of the test item was carried out. Therefore, all results refer to nominal test concentrations of D-Pantolactone (crystalline).