Yttrium borate phosphate vanadate, europium-doped

Genetic toxicity: in vitro

Administrative data

Endpoint:

in vitro gene mutation study in bacteria

Remarks:

Type of genotoxicity: gene mutation

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

05 Oct 2011- 20 Dec 2011

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: The study has been performed according to OECD and/or EC guidelines and according to GLP principles.

Data source

Reference

Reference Type:

study report

Title:

Unnamed

Year:

2011

Report date:

2011

Materials and methods

Test guideline

Test guideline 1

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 471 (Bacterial Reverse Mutation Assay)

Deviations:

yes

Remarks:

In second experiment, T was >38°C for 75 minutes. The positive control (NF) of TA98 in the first experiment was not acceptable, therefore three batches of NF were tested in the second experiment. These deviations had no effect on the results of the study.

Test guideline 2

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

EU Method B.13/14 (Mutagenicity - Reverse Mutation Test Using Bacteria)

Deviations:

no

GLP compliance:

yes

Type of assay:

bacterial reverse mutation assay

Test material

Test material information

Constituent 1

Test material form:

solid: crystalline

Details on test material:

- Identification: L579
- Description: White powder

Method

Target gene:

- S. typhimurium: Histidine gene
- E. coli: Tryptophan gene

Species / strain

Species / strain / cell type:

S. typhimurium TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 98, TA 100 and E. coli WP2

Metabolic activation:

with and without

Metabolic activation system:

Rat liver S9-mix induced by Aroclor

Test concentrations with justification for top dose:

Experiment 1
Preliminary test: TA100 and WP2uvrA: 3, 10, 33, 100, 333, 1000, 3330 and 5000 µg/plate (without and with S9)
Main study: TA1535, TA1537 and TA98: 33, 100, 333, 1000 and 3330 µg/plate (without and with S9-mix)
Experiment 2: 33, 100, 333, 1000 and 3330 µg/plate (without and with S9-mix)

Vehicle / solvent:

- Vehicle used: DMSO
- Justification for choice of solvent/vehicle:
A homogeneous suspension could be made in DMSO and DMSO is accepted and approved by authorities and international guidelines.

Controls

Controls 1

Untreated negative controls:

no

Negative solvent / vehicle controls:

yes

Remarks:

DMSO

Positive controls:

yes

Positive control substance:

sodium azide

Remarks:

without S9

Migrated to IUCLID6: 5 µg/plate in saline for TA1535

Controls 2

Positive controls:

yes

Positive control substance:

other: ICR-191 at 2.5 µg/plate in DMSO for TA1537

Remarks:

without S9

Controls 3

Positive controls:

yes

Positive control substance:

other: 2-nitrofluorene at 10 µg/plate in DMSO for TA98

Remarks:

without S9

Controls 4

Positive controls:

yes

Positive control substance:

methylmethanesulfonate

Remarks:

without S9

Migrated to IUCLID6: at 650 µg/plate in DMSO for TA100

Controls 5

Positive controls:

yes

Positive control substance:

4-nitroquinoline-N-oxide

Remarks:

without S9

Migrated to IUCLID6: at 10 µg/plate in DMSO for WP2uvrA

Controls 6

Negative solvent / vehicle controls:

yes

Remarks:

DMSO

Positive controls:

yes

Positive control substance:

other: 2-aminoanthracene at 2.5 µg/plate for TA1535, at 2.5 and 5 µg/plate for TA1537; at 1 µg/plate for TA98, at 1 and 2.5 µg/plate for TA100; at 10 µg/plate for WP2uvrA

Remarks:

With S9

Details on test system and experimental conditions:

METHOD OF APPLICATION: in agar (plate incorporation)

DURATION
- Exposure duration: 48 hour

NUMBER OF REPLICATIONS:
- Doses of the test substance were tested in triplicate in each strain. Two independent experiments were conducted.

NUMBER OF CELLS EVALUATED: 10E8 per plate

DETERMINATION OF CYTOTOXICITY
- Method: The reduction of the bacterial background lawn, the increase in the size of the microcolonies and the reduction of the revertant colonies.

OTHER EXAMINATIONS:
- The presence of precipitation of the test compound on the plates was determined.

Evaluation criteria:

A test substance is considered negative (not mutagenic) in the test if:
a) The total number of revertants in tester strain TA100 is not greater than two (2) times the concurrent control, and the total number of revertants in tester strains TA1535, TA1537, TA98 or WP2uvrA is not greater than three (3) times the concurrent control.
b) The negative response should be reproducible in at least one independently repeated experiment.

A test substance is considered positive if:
a) The total number of revertants in tester strain TA100 is greater than two (2) times the concurrent control, or the total number of revertants in tester strains TA1535, TA1537, TA98 or WP2uvrA is greater than three (3) times the concurrent vehicle control.
b) In case a repeat experiment is performed when a positive response is observed in one of the tester strains, the positive response should be reproducible in at least one independently repeated experiment.

Results and discussion

Test results

Test results 1

Species / strain:

S. typhimurium TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 98 and TA 100

Metabolic activation:

with and without

Genotoxicity:

negative

Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:

no cytotoxicity nor precipitates, but tested up to recommended limit concentrations

Remarks:

up to 5000µg/ml for TA100; up to 3330µg/ml for all other strains

Vehicle controls validity:

valid

Positive controls validity:

valid

Test results 2

Species / strain:

E. coli WP2 uvr A

Metabolic activation:

with and without

Genotoxicity:

negative

Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:

no cytotoxicity nor precipitates, but tested up to recommended limit concentrations

Remarks:

up to 5000µg/ml

Vehicle controls validity:

valid

Positive controls validity:

valid

Additional information on results:

TEST-SPECIFIC CONFOUNDING FACTORS
- Precipitation: precipitation was observed at dose levels of 1000 μg/plate and upwards.

RANGE-FINDING/SCREENING STUDIES:
- No toxicity or mutagenicity was observed up to and including the top dose of 5000 µg/plate

COMPARISON WITH HISTORICAL CONTROL DATA:
- The negative and strain-specific positive control values were within laboratory historical control data ranges indicating that the test conditions were adequate and that the metabolic activation system functioned properly.

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ON CYTOTOXICITY:
- No toxicity or mutagenicity was observed up to and including the top dose of 5000 µg/plate

Remarks on result:

other: all strains/cell types tested

Remarks:

Migrated from field 'Test system'.

Applicant's summary and conclusion

Conclusions:

Interpretation of results (migrated information):
negative

L579 is shown not to be mutagenic in the Salmonella typhimurium reverse mutation assay and in the Escherichia coli reverse mutation assay with or without S9 mix.

Executive summary:

L579 was tested according to OECD/EC test guidelines in the Salmonella typhimurium reverse mutation assay with four histidine-requiring strains of Salmonella typhimurium (TA1535, TA1537, TA98 and TA100) and in the Escherichia coli reverse mutation assay with a tryptophan-requiring strain of Escherichia coli (WP2uvrA). The test was performed in two independent experiments in the presence and absence of two different concentrations of S9-mix (rat liver S9-mix induced by Aroclor). L579 did not induce a significant dose-related increase in the number of revertant (His+) colonies in each of the four tester strains (TA1535, TA1537, TA98 and TA100) or in the number of revertant (Trp+) colonies in tester strain WP2uvrA both in the absence and presence of S9-metabolic activation. No cytotoxicity was observed and slight precipitation was seen at test concentrations of 1000 μg/plate and upwards (tested up to limit concentrations).

Based on the results of this study it is concluded that L579 is not mutagenic in the Salmonella typhimurium reverse mutation assay and in the Escherichia coli reverse mutation assay with or without metabolic activation.