1,3-phenylenebis(oxyethane-2,1-diyl) dihexadecanoate

Genetic toxicity: in vitro

Administrative data

Endpoint:

in vitro gene mutation study in bacteria

Remarks:

Type of genotoxicity: gene mutation

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

June - July 2014

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: GLP study following OECD method without significant deviations

Data source

Reference

Reference Type:

study report

Title:

Unnamed

Year:

2014

Report date:

2014

Materials and methods

Test guideline

Qualifier:

equivalent or similar to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 471 (Bacterial Reverse Mutation Assay)

Deviations:

no

GLP compliance:

yes (incl. QA statement)

Type of assay:

bacterial reverse mutation assay

Test material

Test material information

Constituent 1

Reference substance name:

1,3-phenylenebis(oxyethane-2,1-diyl) dihexadecanoate

EC Number:

807-889-1

Cas Number:

1255203-42-9

Molecular formula:

C42H74O6

IUPAC Name:

1,3-phenylenebis(oxyethane-2,1-diyl) dihexadecanoate

Test material form:

solid: crystalline

Details on test material:

Name: Hexadecanoic acid, 1,1’-[1,3-phenylenebis(oxy-2,1-ethanediyI)] ester
BML-CODE: BML-l6244
Lot No.: 14-001
Purity: 99.5 wt%
Name and concentration of impurities Unknown ingredient: 0.5 wt%
CAS No.: 1255203-42-9
Molecular weight: 675.05
Melting point: 84 °C
Appearance at room temperature: White powder
Stability: Stable (no exothermic reaction nor generation of gas)
Solubility Water: insoluble; DMSO, acetone, DMF and 1,4-dioxane: insoluble; THF: 100 mg/mL and more
Stability in solvent DMSO, acetone, DMF, l,4-dioxane and THF: no exothermic reaction nor generation of gas
Condition of storage: Room temperature

Method

Target gene:

The following five strains were used:
Base-pair substitution type: Salmonella typhimurlum TA 100, TA 1535, Escherichia coli WP2 uvrA
Frame-shift type: Salmonella typhimurium TA98, TA 1537
These strains are very sensitive to mutagens and are the most commonly used in bacterial reverse mutation assays.

Species / strain

Species / strain 1

Species / strain / cell type:

S. typhimurium TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 98 and TA 100

Additional strain / cell type characteristics:

not specified

Species / strain 2

Species / strain / cell type:

E. coli WP2 uvr A

Additional strain / cell type characteristics:

not specified

Metabolic activation:

with and without

Metabolic activation system:

S9mix from ORIENTAL YEAST, CO LTD. Lot.No. 14021412

Test concentrations with justification for top dose:

The dose range for the main test was determined from the preliminary test using the following seven dose levels: 1.2, 4.9, 20, 78, 313, 1250 and 5000 µg/plate.
In the preliminary test, the growth inhibition by the test substance was not observed in any strains either with or without metabolic activation. And the precipitate of the test substance on the plates was observed at 313 µg/plate and more without metabolic activation, and at 1250 µg/plate and more with metabolic activation. Therefore, as the highest dose level of the test substance in the main tests, the 313 µg/plate dose was selected for all strains without metabolic activation, and the 1250 µg/plate dose was selected for all strains with metabolic activation, and these highest doses were diluted 4 times (using a common ratio of 2) to provide a total of 5 dose levels.

Vehicle / solvent:

Based on preliminary tests THF appeared to be the best suited solvent for this test.
Name: Tetrahydrofuran (TH F)
Manufacturer: Dojindo Laboratories
Purity: Spectrophotometric grade, more than 99%
Lot No.: DB002
Based on the information from the sponsor that the test substance was insoluble in water, the solubility test was performed with DMSO, acetone, DMF, 1,4-dioxane and THF. The test substance was insoluble at 50 mg/mL in DMSO, acetone, DMF and 1,4-dioxane, and dissolved at 100 mg/mL in THF and neither exothermic reaction nor generation of gas was observed. Therefore, THF was used as the solvent for the test substance. In consideration of growth inhibition of test strains by THF, twice the normal concentration was made and 0.05 mL of the solution in each test tube was used and the test was performed in the plate method.

Controls

Controls 1

Untreated negative controls:

yes

Remarks:

treated with only THF

Negative solvent / vehicle controls:

yes

Remarks:

THF

True negative controls:

no

Positive controls:

yes

Positive control substance:

other: 2-(2-Furyl)-3-(5-nitro-2-furyl)acrylamide

Remarks:

Positive control used for TA98, TA100, and WP2uvrA without S9

Controls 2

Untreated negative controls:

yes

Remarks:

treated with only THF

Negative solvent / vehicle controls:

yes

Remarks:

THF

True negative controls:

no

Positive controls:

yes

Positive control substance:

sodium azide

Remarks:

Positive control used for TA1535 without S9

Controls 3

Untreated negative controls:

yes

Remarks:

treated with only THF

Negative solvent / vehicle controls:

yes

Remarks:

THF

True negative controls:

no

Positive controls:

yes

Positive control substance:

other: 2-Methoxy-6-chIoro-9-[3-(2-chloroethyl)aminopropylamino]acridine.2HCI

Remarks:

Positive control used for TA1537 without S9

Controls 4

Untreated negative controls:

yes

Remarks:

treated with only THF

Negative solvent / vehicle controls:

yes

Remarks:

THF

True negative controls:

no

Positive controls:

yes

Positive control substance:

benzo(a)pyrene

Remarks:

Positive control used for TA98, TA100, and TA1537 with S9

Controls 5

Untreated negative controls:

yes

Remarks:

treated with only THF

Negative solvent / vehicle controls:

yes

Remarks:

THF

True negative controls:

no

Positive controls:

yes

Positive control substance:

other: 2-Aminoanthracene

Remarks:

Positive control used for TA1535, and WP2uvrA with S9

Details on test system and experimental conditions:

Test procedures (the plate method)
For the tests without metabolic activation, 0.5 mL of 0.1 M Na-phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) and 0.1 mL of each fresh bacterial culture were added to each tube containing 0.05 mL of the test solution. For the tests with metabolic activation, 0.5 mL of the S9 mix was added to each tube instead of the 0.1 M Na-phosphate buffer. And then 2.0 mL of top agar were added to the mixture, and the contents of each tube were poured over the surface of the minimal glucose agar plate. For the sterility test, 0.05 mL of the test solution of the highest dose and 0.5 mL of the S9 mix were put into each tube, 2.0 mL of top agar were then added to the tube, and the contents of each tube were poured over the surface of the minimal glucose agar plate. These operations were conducted under lamps with ultraviolet absorbent filter.
All plates were incubated at 37 °C for 48 hours, and the number of revertant colonies was counted. Afierwards, growth inhibition of the test strains was checked using a stereoscopic microscope.
As top agar, a soft agar solution (0.6% Agar and 0.5% NaCl) with 1/10 by volume of the solution of 0.5 mM biotin-0.5 mM L-histidine and the same ratio of 0.5 mM L-tryptophan were used for the S. typhimurium TA strains and the E. coli strain, respectively. One minimal glucose agar plate was used for each dose level in the preliminary test and three minimal glucose agar plates were used for each dose level in two main tests which were performed at the same doses.
Counting procedure
The number of revertant colonies was counted visually due to the precipitate of the test substance on the plates. But the revertant colonies of positive controls were counted with a colony counter.
Measuring instrument
Model :Colony Analyzer CA-11, Manufacturer System Science Co., Ltd.
Correction: Count loss correction
Coefficient 1 - 100 colonies * 1.11, 101 - 400 colonies * 1.16, >400 - colonies * 1.25

Evaluation criteria:

If in the two main tests, the number of revertant colonies on the test plates increased significantly in comparison with that on the control plates (based on twice as many as that of the negative control), and dose-response and reproducibility were also observed, the test substance was to be judged positive. The results at each concentration were demonstrated with the mean and the standard deviation.

Results and discussion

Test results

Test results 1

Species / strain:

S. typhimurium TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 98 and TA 100

Metabolic activation:

with and without

Genotoxicity:

negative

Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:

no cytotoxicity, but tested up to precipitating concentrations

Vehicle controls validity:

valid

Untreated negative controls validity:

valid

Positive controls validity:

valid

Test results 2

Species / strain:

E. coli WP2 uvr A

Metabolic activation:

with and without

Genotoxicity:

negative

Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:

no cytotoxicity, but tested up to precipitating concentrations

Vehicle controls validity:

valid

Untreated negative controls validity:

valid

Positive controls validity:

valid

Additional information on results:

In the two main tests, neither an increase in the number of revertant colonies (more than twice as many as that of the negative control) nor a dose-related response was observed at any doses in any strains of base-pair substitution type or frame-shift type, with or without metabolic activation.
The revertant colonies of the positive controls showed an increase of more than twice that of the negative controls and they were within limit of controls (mean ±3SD) in historical data, indicating that this study was performed correctly.
From these results, mutagenicity of the test substance was judged negative.
The growth inhibition of the test strains by the test substance was not observed. And the precipitate of the test substance on the plates was observed at 156 µg/plate and more without metabolic activation, and at 625 µg/plate andmore with metabolic activation.
In the sterility test on the test solution and the S9 mix, no growth of bacteria was observed.

Remarks on result:

other: all strains/cell types tested

Remarks:

Migrated from field 'Test system'.

Any other information on results incl. tables

During the study period, there was no environmental factor that was thought to have affected the reliability of the study, and there was no deviation from the protocol. A graphical plot of the results from the two main tests is attached.

Applicant's summary and conclusion

Conclusions:

Interpretation of results (migrated information):
negative with metabolic activation
negative without metabolic activation

It is concluded that Hexadecanoic acid, 1,1'-[1,3-phenyIenebis(oxy-2,1-ethanediyl)] ester is not mutagenic in the bacterial reverse mutation assay carried out under the experimental conditions.

Executive summary:

The mutagenicity potential of Hexadecanoic acid, 1,1'-[1,3-phenylenebis(oxy-2,1-ethanediyl)] ester was assessed with Salrnonela typhimurium TA 100, TA 1535, TA98, TA 1537 and Escheria coli WP2 uvrA.

In this study, neither an increase in the number of revertant colonies more than twice in comparison with that of the negative control nor a dose-related response was observed in any strains of base-pair substitution type or frame-shift type, with or without metabolic activation. From the above, it is judged that hexadecanoic acid, 1,1'-[1,3-phenylenebis(oxy-2,1-ethanediyl)] ester has no mutagenicity forward to bacteria under the described study conditions.