p-(2,3-epoxypropoxy)-N,N-bis(2,3-epoxypropyl)aniline

Repeated dose toxicity: oral

Administrative data

Endpoint:

sub-chronic toxicity: oral

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

31st May 2019 - 18th December 2019

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

guideline study

Data source

Reference

Reference Type:

study report

Title:

Unnamed

Year:

2020

Report date:

2019

Materials and methods

Test guideline

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 408 (Repeated Dose 90-Day Oral Toxicity Study in Rodents)

Deviations:

no

GLP compliance:

yes (incl. QA statement)

Limit test:

no

Test material

Test material information

Constituent 1

Reference substance name:

p-(2,3-epoxypropoxy)-N,N-bis(2,3-epoxypropyl)aniline

EC Number:

225-716-2

EC Name:

p-(2,3-epoxypropoxy)-N,N-bis(2,3-epoxypropyl)aniline

Cas Number:

5026-74-4

Molecular formula:

C15H19NO4

IUPAC Name:

4-[(oxiran-2-yl)methoxy]-N,N-bis[(oxiran-2-yl)methyl]aniline

Details on test material:

Chemical name: p-(2,3-epoxypropoxy)-N,N-bis(2,3-epoxypropyl)aniline

Specific details on test material used for the study:

SOURCE OF TEST MATERIAL
- Batch No.of test material: AAH1020800
- Expiration date of the lot/batch: 8 July 2021

STABILITY AND STORAGE CONDITIONS OF TEST MATERIAL
- Storage condition of test material: Refrigerated (2 to 8°C) and protected from light.
- Solubility and stability of the test substance in the solvent/vehicle: Fully soluable in Propylene glycol.

Test animals

Species:

rat

Strain:

Wistar

Details on species / strain selection:

RccHan™:WIST rat.

Sex:

male/female

Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:

Supplier: Envigo RMS Limited.
Number of animals: 45 males and 45 females.
Spare animals were removed from the study room after
treatment commenced.
Duration of acclimatization: Approximately 2 weeks before commencement of treatment.
Age at start of treatment: 43 to 49 days.
Weight range at the start of treatment:
Males:137 to 188 g
Females:111 to 153 g

Environmental Control
Animal facility Limited access - to minimize entry of external biological and chemical agents and to minimize the transference of such agents between rooms.
Air supply: Filtered fresh air which was passed to atmosphere and not recirculated.
Temperature and relative humidity: Monitored and maintained within the range of 20-24ºC and 40-70%.
There were no deviations from these ranges.

Lighting: Artificial lighting, 12 hours light : 12 hours dark.
Electricity supply: Public supply with automatic stand-by generators.

Animal Accommodation
Cages: Polycarbonate body with a stainless steel mesh lid, changed at appropriate intervals.
Housing specification: Cage floor area: 2065 cm2. Cage height: 21.5 cm.
Cage distribution: Males and females were blocked by sex and the cages constituting each group were dispersed in batteries so that possible environmental influences arising from their spatial distribution were equilibrated, as far as was practicable. The positions of the cage batteries in the room were changed weekly, following a rotation plan, to further minimize possible effects of spatial variations.
Number of animals per cage: Five of the same sex.
Bedding: Wood based bedding which was changed at appropriate intervals each week.

Environmental Enrichment
Aspen gnawing material Provided to each cage throughout the study and replaced when necessary.
Plastic shelter provided to each cage throughout the study and replaced when necessary.

Administration / exposure

Route of administration:

oral: gavage

Details on route of administration:

Oral, by gavage using a rubber dosing catheter attached to a disposable plastic syringe.

Vehicle:

propylene glycol

Details on oral exposure:

Method of preparation
The required amount of test item was weighed.
Approximately 50% of the final volume of vehicle was added and magnetically stirred until the test item was uniformly mixed. The remaining vehicle was added to achieve the required volume and the formulation was mixed using a magnetic stirrer until homogeneous. The formulation was transferred to the final containers, via syringe whilst magnetically stirring.
A series of formulations at the required concentrations were prepared by dilution of individual weighings of the test item in ascending order of concentration.

Frequency of preparation: Weekly.
Storage of formulation: Refrigerated (2 to 8°C) and protected from light.

Formulations prepared at 0.1 and 10 mg/mL were found to be homogeneous and stable at ambient temperature (15 to 25C) for up to three days and refrigerated (2 to 8°C) for up to 17 days. In both cases formulations were protected from light.

Analytical verification of doses or concentrations:

yes

Details on analytical verification of doses or concentrations:

Achieved concentration Samples of each formulation prepared for administration in Weeks 1, 2, 7 and 13 of treatment were analyzed for achieved concentration of the test item.

Content check issues in Week 1
Before dosing commenced, the Week 1 results for Groups 3 and 4 were within specification (99 and 96% of intended respectively), however Group 2 was at 43%. The pharmacy data were checked and no discrepancies found. Reanalysis
of the samples confirmed the low results. Consequently, the Group 2 dose was discarded and re-formulated. It was not used to dose the animals.
The reformulated dose for Group 2 was found to be at 161% of intended. The pharmacy data were checked and no discrepancies found. Reanalysis of the samples confirmed the high results. This formulation was used to dose Group 2 animals in Week 1.
Due to the analytical problems in Week 1, additional samples were taken and analysed from all groups in Weeks 2 and 7, as well as those planned for Week 13. The potentially higher than intended dose given to Group 2 animals in Week 1 only was not considered to have affected the integrity of the study.

The stability and homogeneity of the test item in the vehicle were determined in Study No.: XT87YV

Duration of treatment / exposure:

Ninety consecutive days

Frequency of treatment:

Once daily

Doses / concentrations

Doses / concentrations 1

Dose / conc.:

0 mg/kg bw/day (actual dose received)

Doses / concentrations 2

Dose / conc.:

1.5 mg/kg bw/day (actual dose received)

Doses / concentrations 3

Dose / conc.:

5 mg/kg bw/day (actual dose received)

Doses / concentrations 4

Dose / conc.:

15 mg/kg bw/day (actual dose received)

No. of animals per sex per dose:

10 animals per sex per dose

Control animals:

yes, concurrent vehicle

Details on study design:

Dose selection rational:
The dose levels for this study (0, 1.5, 5 and 15 mg/kg/day at 5 mL/kg) were selected following the outcome of a two generation reproductive toxicity study in Han Wistar rats performed at the same laboratories, with particular reference to the responses observed in the F0 generation animals (the animals were of a similar age at the start of treatment to that of the F0 generation and were treated for a similar, although slightly shorter duration).

In the reproductive study, dose levels of 5, 15 and 25 mg/kg/day at 4 mL/kg were administered to the F0 generation animals from 6-7 weeks of age for a minimum of 16 weeks. There were no test item-related premature deaths, changes in general clinical
condition or signs in relation to dose administration. Males given 15 or 25 mg/kg/day showed low mean body weight gain throughout the study, although mean food consumption was not clearly affected; body weight gain and food intake in females was unaffected by treatment during the 10-week pre-pairing treatment period at all dose levels investigated. At scheduled termination, test item-related macroscopic abnormalities were limited to the stomach, where ulceration were observed in males at 25 mg/kg/day. Histopathological evaluation revealed stomach ulceration at 25 mg/kg/day (primarily in males), and a dose-dependent incidence of mucosal degeneration/atrophy of the stomach, duodenum and jejunum (with associated regenerative hyperplasia in the duodenum and jejunum) in both sexes at 15 or 25 mg/kg/day. In addition, erythrocytosis/erthyrophagocytosis, sinusoidal ectasia and/or cortical atrophy were apparent in the lymph nodes in animals given 25 mg/kg/day and minimal splenic white pulp depletion was evident at 25 mg/kg/day. The No Observed Effect Level was 5 mL/kg/day.

The effects on the gastroinestinal tract seen at 15 or 25 mg/kg/day were considered to be associated with local irritancy. At 25 mg/kg/day the changes were considered of sufficient magnitude to exclude this as a high dose in this 13-week study. Consequently 15 mg/kg/day was selected as the high dose and was expected to be well tolerated over 13 weeks with minimal local irritant effects. The low and intermediate doses of 1.5 and 5 mg/kg/day were selected to allow analysis of any dose response relationship and to aid in the determination of a No Observed Adverse Effect Level. As the local irritancy was possibly linked to the dose concentration, the dose volume was increased from 4 mL/kg (used in the two-generation reproductive toxicity) to 5 mL/kg to slightly reduce the concentrations at the selected doses.

Allocation
Randomly allocated on arrival.
Using the sequence of cages in the battery, one animal at a time was placed in each cage with the procedure being repeated until each cage held the appropriate number of animals. Each sex was allocated separately.
Identification of animals
Each animal was assigned a number and identified uniquely within the study by a microch/>ip inserted shortly after arrival.

Identification of cages
Each cage label was color-coded according to group and was numbered uniquely with cage and study number, as well as the identity of the occupants.

Positive control:

no (not required)

Examinations

Observations and examinations performed and frequency:

CAGE SIDE OBSERVATIONS: Not specified

DETAILED CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS: Yes
- Time schedule:
Animals were inspected visually at least twice daily for evidence of ill-health or reaction to
treatment. Cages were inspected daily for evidence of animal ill-health amongst the
occupants. Any deviation from normal was recorded at the time in respect of nature and
severity, date and time of onset, duration and progress of the observed condition, as
appropriate.
During the acclimatization period, observations of the animals and their cages were recorded
at least once per day.

BODY WEIGHT: Yes
- Time schedule for examinations:
The weight of each animal was recorded one week before treatment commenced, on the day
that treatment commenced (Week 0), weekly throughout the study and before necropsy.

OPHTHALMOSCOPIC EXAMINATION: Yes
- Time schedule for examinations:
Pretreatment, Week 12
- Dose groups that were examined:
Pretreatment- all animals
Week 12- all group 1-4 animals.

HAEMATOLOGY: Yes
- Anaesthetic used for blood collection: Not specified
- Time schedule for examinations: week 13
- Animals fasted: Overnight
- How many animals:
All animals

CLINICAL CHEMISTRY: Yes
- Time schedule for collection of blood:
Week 13
- Animals fasted: Overnight
- How many animals:
All animals

Sacrifice and pathology:

GROSS PATHOLOGY: Yes (see table)

HISTOPATHOLOGY: Yes (see table)

Statistics:

The following data types were analyzed at each timepoint separately:
Grip strength and motor activity
Body weight, using gains over appropriate study periods
Hematology
Blood chemistry
Organ weights, absolute or adjusted for terminal body weight
The following comparisons were performed:
Group 1 vs 2, 3 and 4

For Further Details see Additional information

Results and discussion

Results of examinations

Clinical signs:

effects observed, non-treatment-related

Description (incidence and severity):

There were no deaths and the general appearance and behaviour of the animals were unaffected by treatment.
Chin rubbing and salivation at the time of dose administration were reported on transient occasions in a low number of animals but since these are commonly observed signs in studies where the test item is administered by gavage they are considered of no toxicological
significance.

Mortality:

no mortality observed

Body weight and weight changes:

effects observed, treatment-related

Description (incidence and severity):

Overall bodyweight gain (Weeks 0 to 13) was significantly slightly low, when compared to the controls, for males receiving 15 mg/kg/day.
The bodyweight gain of males receiving 1.5 or 5 mg/kg/day and of all groups of treated females was not clearly affected by treatment.

Food consumption and compound intake (if feeding study):

effects observed, treatment-related

Description (incidence and severity):

Overall food consumption (Weeks 1 to 13) was slightly low, when compared to the controls,
for males receiving 15 mg/kg/day.
The intake of males receiving 1.5 or 5 mg/kg/day and of all groups of treated females was not
clearly affected by treatment.

Food efficiency:

not specified

Water consumption and compound intake (if drinking water study):

not specified

Ophthalmological findings:

no effects observed

Description (incidence and severity):

The haematological examination during Week 13 did not reveal any toxicologically significant differences from controls.
Lymphocyte counts were slightly low (resulting in a low total white cell count), when compared to the controls, for males receiving 15 mg/kg/day and for all groups of treated females. The difference from controls was small, there was no dose relationship in females
and none of the individual values was outside the background range (98-percentile range; 2.44x109/L to 8.58x109/L; n=104 for males and 1.27x109/L to 7.20x109/L; n=103 for females). Basophil, monocyte and large unstained cell counts were also slightly low, when
compared to the controls, for females receiving 5 or 15 mg/kg/day but none of the individual values was outside the background range (98-percentile range; 0.00x109/L to 0.03x109/L for basophils, 0.04x109/L to 0.22x109/L for monocytes and 0.00x109/L to 0.07x109/L for large
unstained cells ; n=104). Consequently, these inter-group differences from controls were
considered to represent normal biological variation.
All other inter-group differences from controls, including those that attained statistical
significance, were minor, occurred in one sex only or were without dose-relationship and
were therefore considered to represent normal biological variation.

Description (incidence and severity):

The biochemical examination of the blood plasma after 13 weeks of treatment did not reveal any toxicologically significant differences from controls.
All inter-group differences from controls, including those that attained statistical significance, were minor, occurred in one sex only or were without dose-relationship and were therefore considered to represent normal biological variation. Such differences included the slightly
high alanine amino transferase activity, bile acid concentration and potassium concentration in males receiving 15 mg/kg/day, and the slightly low sodium concentration in females
receiving 15 mg/kg/day.

Behaviour (functional findings):

no effects observed

Organ weight findings including organ / body weight ratios:

no effects observed

Description (incidence and severity):

The organ weights of animals killed after 13 weeks were unaffected by treatment.
All inter-group differences from controls were minor, occurred in one sex (where appropriate) or were associated with the low terminal bodyweights and were therefore considered to represent normal biological variation. These included the slightly low adrenal
and thyroid gland weight in males at 15 mg/kg/day which associated with the low terminal bodyweights, and the slightly high brain weight in females at 15 mg/kg/day as the difference from controls was small and there was no similar finding in males.

Gross pathological findings:

no effects observed

Histopathological findings: non-neoplastic:

effects observed, treatment-related

Description (incidence and severity):

The histopathological examination performed on animals killed after 13 weeks of treatment revealed mucosal hyperplasia in the duodenum of males and females which received 5 or 15 mg/kg/day; a dose-relationship in incidence and severity was apparent.

Other effects:

no effects observed

Description (incidence and severity):

Data on sperm motility was gathered as per OECD TG 408, the details of the results have been attached in the 'Additional background information' section alongside comments on the requested information (decision CCH-C-2114551122-63-01/F).

Effect levels

Key result

Dose descriptor:

NOAEL

Effect level:

15 mg/kg bw/day (actual dose received)

Based on:

test mat.

Sex:

male/female

Basis for effect level:

histopathology: non-neoplastic

Target system / organ toxicity

Key result

Critical effects observed:

no

Any other information on results incl. tables

Data on sperm motility was gathered as per OECD TG 408, the details of the results have been attached in the 'Additional background information' section alongside comments on the requested information (decision CCH-C-2114551122-63-01/F).

Data tables outlining the results of the conducted sperm analysis have been affixed in additional background information.

Applicant's summary and conclusion

Conclusions:

It is concluded that the oral (by gavage) administration of p-(2,3-epoxypropoxy)-N,N-bis(2,3-epoxypropyl) aniline to Han Wistar rats for 13 did not cause any toxicologically significant finding. Mucosal hyperplasia was present in the duodenum of males and females which received 5 or 15 mg/kg/day but was considered to be an adaptive response associated with local irritation and non-adverse. The no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) in this study was considered to be 15 mg/kg/day.

Executive summary:

The purpose of this study was to assess the systemic toxic potential of p-(2,3-epoxypropoxy)-N,N-bis(2,3-epoxypropyl) aniline (an industrial chemical), when administered orally (by gavage) to Han Wistar rats (RccHan™;WIST) for 13 weeks.

Three groups, each comprising ten male and ten female rats, received doses of 1.5, 5 or 15 mg/kg/day. A similarly constituted control group received the vehicle (propylene glycol), at the same volume dose as the treated groups. During the study, clinical condition, detailed physical examination and arena observations, sensory reactivity observations, grip strength, motor activity, body weight, food consumption,

water consumption (visual assessment only), ophthalmic examination, hematology (peripheral blood), blood chemistry, thyroid hormone analysis, estrous cycles, organ weight, macropathology and histopathology investigations were undertaken.

Results

The general appearance and behaviour of the animals and sensory activity, grip strength and motor activity were unaffected by treatment.

The bodyweight gain and food intake was significantly slightly low for males receiving 15 mg/kg/day.

There were no treatment-related ophthalmoscopic findings.

The haematological and blood chemistry investigation did not indicate any toxicologically significant findings.

Estrous cycles at the end of the treatment period were unaffected.

Serum triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) concentrations were unaffected.

Organ weights were unaffected and there were no treatment-related macroscopic findings.

Histopathology revealed mucosal hyperplasia in the duodenum of males and females which received 5 or 15 mg/kg/day.

Conclusion

It is concluded that the oral (by gavage) administration of p-(2,3-epoxypropoxy)-N,Nbis(2,3-epoxypropyl) aniline to Han Wistar rats for 13 did not cause any toxicologically significant finding. Mucosal hyperplasia was present in the duodenum of males and females which received 5 or 15 mg/kg/day but was considered to be an adaptive response associated with local irritation and non-adverse. The no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) in this study was considered to be 15 mg/kg/day.