Zeolite, cuboidal, crystalline, synthetic, non-fibrous

Short-term toxicity to fish

Link to relevant study record(s)

Reference

Reference 1

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to fish

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

test procedure in accordance with national standard methods with acceptable restrictions

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

read-across source

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

other: EPA-660/3-75-009

Version / remarks:

1975

Deviations:

not specified

Principles of method if other than guideline:

static test, 10 fish per species, 96-hour exposure

GLP compliance:

not specified

Specific details on test material used for the study:

Type-A zeolite

Analytical monitoring:

yes

Details on sampling:

Actual test concentrations of zeolite were measured during all partial and full chronic studies with macroinvertebrates and fish by digesting the aluminosilicate to molybdate-reactive silica after APHA.

Details on test solutions:

The unexchanged sodium form of zeolite was used during all marine tests since the abundance of metal ions in ambient seawater greatly exceeds the complexing capacity of zeolite to significantly alter these metal concentrations.

Test organisms (species):

other: Lagodon rhomboides

Details on test organisms:

Pinfish, Lagodon rhomboides, 30-45 mm standard length, were collected from Big Lagoon, Pensacola, Fla. All test animals were acclimated to laboratory test conditions in natural seawater (salinity of 24%o and pH 8.0 ± 0.5) for a minimum of seven days prior to testing.

Test type:

static

Water media type:

saltwater

Total exposure duration:

96 h

pH:

8.0 +/- 0.5

Salinity:

2.4 %

Nominal and measured concentrations:

780 mg/l

Reference substance (positive control):

no

Key result

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

LC0

Effect conc.:

>= 780 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

not specified

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Details on results:

Pin fish, Lagodon rhomboides, exhibited no mortality in test concentrations of Type-A zeolite up to 780 mg/L. After 96 h of exposure to the test material, continuously stirred in static seawater with aeration, there were no deaths in any test concentration or control.

Validity criteria fulfilled:

not specified

Conclusions:

Pinfish, Lagodon rhomboides, exhibited no mortality in test concentrations of Type-A zeolite up to 780 mg/L. After 96 h of exposure to the test material, continuously stirred in static seawater with aeration, there were no deaths in any test concentration or control.

Executive summary:

The saltwater specie pinfish was exposed to type A zeolite for 96 hours.

Reference 2

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to fish

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

test procedure in accordance with national standard methods with acceptable restrictions

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

other: EPA-660/3-75-009

Version / remarks:

1975

Deviations:

not specified

Principles of method if other than guideline:

static test, 10 fish per species, 96-hour exposure

GLP compliance:

not specified

Specific details on test material used for the study:

Type-A zeolite

Analytical monitoring:

yes

Details on sampling:

Actual test concentrations of zeolite were measured during all partial and full chronic studies with macroinvertebrates and fish by digesting the aluminosilicate to molybdate-reactive silica after APHA.

Details on test solutions:

To avoid the effects of hardness ion depletion during all freshwater tests, including acutes, longer-term chronics and critical life stage testing, the zeolite used in these tests was pre-exchanged with Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, and K+ ions. A 100-L batch of reconstituted water was prepared at 100x recommended salt concentrations. A 500-g sample of zeolite was added, mixed for 1 h, and allowed to settle. Three subsequent suspensions were mixed with new batches of reconstituted water until no further depletion in total hardness of Ca2+ concentration was
recorded. Atomic absorption analyses of the zeolite at this time indicated that 90% existed in the Ca2+ exchanged form with a total of 10% as Mg2+, Na+, and K+ salts. This exchange was deemed appropriate to model the environmental form of zeolite since it is highly unlikely that the sodium form of zeolite would predominate in natural surface waters.

Test organisms (species):

other: Lepomis macrochirus, Salmo gairdneri, Ictalurus punctatus, Pimephales promelas

Details on test organisms:

Bluegill, Lepomis macrochirus, were acquired from a commercial hatchery in Nebraska and had a mean wet weight and standard length of 1.0 g and 35 mm, respectively. Rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri, were obtained from a hatchery in Massachusetts and had a mean wet weight of 1.2 g and mean standard length of 56 mm. Channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, were acquired from a commercial producer in Missouri and had a mean wet weight and standard length of 0.9 g and 50 mm, respectively. Fathead minnows, Pimephales promelas, were obtained from a hatchery in Arkansas and had a mean wet weight of 1.3 g and a mean standard length of 53 mm. The test animals were held in laboratory holding facilities for at least 30 days prior to testing; during this period fish were fed once daily with commercial trout chow, mortality was less than 2%, and no mortality was observed during the 48 h immediately prior to testing.

Test type:

static

Water media type:

freshwater

Total exposure duration:

96 h

Hardness:

35.0 mg/L CaCO3

Test temperature:

12 ± 1 °C for the rainbow trout
21 ± 1 °C for the remaining species

pH:

7.1

Dissolved oxygen:

above 6.0 mg/L

Nominal and measured concentrations:

680 mg/l

Reference substance (positive control):

no

Key result

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

LC0

Effect conc.:

>= 680 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

not specified

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Details on results:

Type-A zeolite showed no evidence of acute toxicity to four species of freshwater fish. No mortality was observed for either cold water or warm water fish exposed to suspensions of 680 mg/L under continuously mixed conditions for 96 h.

Validity criteria fulfilled:

not specified

Conclusions:

Type-A zeolite showed no evidence of acute toxicity to four species of freshwater fish. No mortality was observed for either cold water or warm water fish exposed to suspensions of 680 mg/L for 96 h.

Executive summary:

Four species of freshwater fish were exposed to type A zeolite for 96 hours.

Description of key information

Type A zeolite showed no evidence of acute toxicity to four species of freshwater fish. No mortality was observed for either cold water or warm water fish exposed to suspensions of 680 mg/l for 96 h (LC0 >= 680 mg/l).

Pinfish, Lagodon rhomboides, exhibited no mortality in test concentrations of Type A zeolite up to 780 mg/l. After 96 h of exposure to the test material, continuously stirred in static seawater with aeration, there were no deaths in any test concentration or control (LC0 >= 780 mg/l).

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Fresh water fish

Fresh water fish

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Effect concentration:

> 680 mg/L

Marine water fish

Marine water fish

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Effect concentration:

> 780 mg/L