Gum turpentine oil, consisting of the volatile fraction resulting from the distillation of oleoresin collected by tapping softwoods from pinacea derivatives (genus: pinus). It consists of terpenes, mainly monoterpenes such as alpha-pinene and beta-pinene.

Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Link to relevant study record(s)

Reference

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Type of information:

read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)

Adequacy of study:

supporting study

Justification for type of information:

Crude sulfate turpentine is a UVCB substance that contains the same main constituents as gum turpentine oil. Therefore, data on crude sulfate turpentine can be extrapolated to gum turpentine oil. See read-across justification document in section 13.

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

read-across source

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

NOELR

Effect conc.:

2.5 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Remarks:

water-accommodated fraction loading rate

Basis for effect:

mobility

Key result

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

EL50

Effect conc.:

8.8 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Remarks:

water-accommodated fraction loading rate

Basis for effect:

mobility

Details on results:

- Immobilisation of control: 0

- Other adverse effects control: none

- Abnormal responses: none

- Effect concentrations exceeding solubility of substance in test medium: The tested loading rates exceeded the aqueous solubility of the substance.

Reported statistics and error estimates:

The EL50 (EL = Effective Loading) value was calculated using Probit-analysis (Finney-method, lognormal distribution; confidence limit 95 %, significance level: 0.05). The NOELR was determined by comparison of the responses at each loading rate with the control validity criterion for immobilisation (≤ 10 % immobilisation).

Table 1. Test results

Control

2.5 mg/L

5.0 mg/L

10 mg/L

25 mg/L

50 mg/L

Number

[%]

Number

[%]

Number

[%]

Number

[%]

Number

[%]

Number

[%]

Immobilisation 24 h

0/20

0

0/20

0

1/20

5

2/20

10

20/20

100

20/20

100

Immobilisation 48 h

0/20

0

0/20

0

2/20

10

12/20

60

20/20

100

20/20

100

Moults 48 h

16/20

80

13/20

65

11/20

55

6/20

30

0/20

0

0/20

0

Living animals at the surface 48 h

0/20

0

0/20

0

0/20

0

0/20

0

0/20

0

0/20

0

Table 2. Results of TOC analysis of test media (mg/L)

Time [h]	Control	2.5 mg/L	10 mg/L	50 mg/L
0	0.4	0.6	0.8	3.3
48	0.2	0.1	1.0	3.1

 

Table 3. Results of GC-MS analysis of test media

Vessel	Time [h]	α-Terpineol [µg/L]	α-Pinene [µg/L]	β-Pinene [µg/L]	3-Carene [µg/L]	Limonene [µg/L]	Total [µg/L]
Control	0	0.214**	< 0.367*	0.227**	< 0.151*	0.212**	< 1.17
Control	48	0.214**	< 0.367*	0.227**	< 0.151*	0.212**	< 1.17
2.5 mg/L	0	2.25	42.9	3.50	9.78	3.45	61.9
2.5 mg/L	48	1.41	33.4	2.82	7.76	2.03	47.4
10 mg/L	0	9.97	432	19.4	80.7	21.6	564
10 mg/L	48	6.04	154	12.7	47.6	13.6	234
50 mg/L	0	57.7	1492	112	299	111	2072
50 mg/L	48	36.7	755	91.2	189	88.2	1161

Remarks:

*   Limit of detection

**   derived from equation of the calibration line (axis intercept); no signal was measured in the controls for α-Terpineol, β-Pinene and Limonene

     Quantitative GC-MS-values are based on results and/or limits of detection

Validity criteria fulfilled:

yes

Conclusions:

A 48h EL50 value of 8.8 mg/L and NOELR of 2.5 mg/L have been determined for the effects of the tested substance on mobility of Daphnia magna.

Executive summary:

An acute aquatic toxicity study was performed on Daphnia magna in accordance with GLP and OECD Guideline 202. Following a preliminary range-finding test, twenty daphnids (four replicates, five daphnids per replicate) were exposed to Water Accommodated Fractions (WAFs) of the test item over a range of nominal loading values of 2.5, 5, 10, 25 and 50 mg/L. The immobility of the daphnids was determined in a semi-static 48-h test by visual observation after 24 and 48 h.

After 24 h of exposure, immobilizations were 0% at 2.5 mg/L (loading), 5% at 5 mg/L (loading), 10% at 10 mg/L (loading) and 100% at 25 and 50 mg/L (loading). After 48 h of exposure, immobilizations were 0% at 2.5 mg/L (loading), 10% at 5 mg/L (loading), 60% at 10 mg/L (loading), 100% at 25 and 50 mg/L (loading).

 

Therefore, the 48h EL50 for the test item to Daphnia magna was estimated to be 8.8 mg/L. The 48h NOELr for the test item to Daphnia magna was estimated to be 2.5 mg/L.

Description of key information

In a test conducted according to OECD Guideline 202 with Crude sulfate turpentine, EL50 and NOELR values of 8.8 and 2.5 mg/L were determined. 

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Fresh water invertebrates

Fresh water invertebrates

Effect concentration:

8.8 mg/L