4-chloroaniline

Short-term toxicity to fish

Administrative data

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to fish

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

other information

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: Acceptable, well documented publication which meets basic scientific principles

Data source

Reference

Reference Type:

publication

Title:

Acute and Long-Term Effects of Nine Chemicals on the Japanese Medaka (Oryzias latipes)

Author:

Holcombe, G.W., Benoit, D.A., Hammermeister, D.E., Leonard, E.N. and Johnson, R.D.

Year:

1995

Bibliographic source:

Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 28, 287-297.

Materials and methods

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Ninety-six-hour acute and 28-day larval survival and
growth tests were conducted with 4-chloroaniline, using
the Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) as the test organism.

GLP compliance:

not specified

Test material

Test material information

Constituent 1

Reference substance name:

4-chloroaniline

EC Number:

203-401-0

EC Name:

4-chloroaniline

Cas Number:

106-47-8

Molecular formula:

C6H6ClN

IUPAC Name:

4-chloroaniline

Details on test material:

- Name of test material (as cited in study report): 4-chloroaniline
- Analytical purity: 99.9%

Sampling and analysis

Analytical monitoring:

not specified

Test solutions

Details on test solutions:

Stock solution: was prepared by dissolving the test substance in
Lake Superior water, using a high speed stirrer.
Afterwards it was transferred to a glass stock bottle inside the vented
diluter enclosure using Teflon tubing and air pressure.
During each test, a predetermined volume (ml/min) of stock solution
was continuously pumped from the stock bottle into the mixing cell of
the diluter system.
Lake Superior water was used for all testing. Before use, it was filtered
through sand, a 50-micron filter; a 5-micron filter; and then exposed to
ultraviolet light before heating to the test temperature of 25 + I°C.

Test organisms

Test organisms (species):

Oryzias latipes

Details on test organisms:

Fish were not fed for 24-h before or during acute testing.
Twenty medaka were exposed per concentration, ten per replicate, in
acute tests. Medaka used for acute tests ranged from 28-43 days old
and weighed from 18-71 mg. Mean weights of test fish were determined
by weighing the control group (20 fish) at the end of the 96-h
exposures. Methods not specified above conform to recommendations
of the American Society for Testing and Materials (1980).

Tests with 4-chloroaniline were
started by placing the fish directly into tanks containing the various
exposure concentrations of each chemical.

Study design

Test type:

flow-through

Water media type:

freshwater

Total exposure duration:

96 h

Test conditions

Hardness:

Hardness and alkalinity determinations were made at a minimum on a control, one intermediate,
and one high concentration tank once or twice during acute tests
and once weekly during 28-day larval tests and the embryo-larval test.
The mean and range for total hardness was 45.8 (38.0-52.0) mg/L as
CaCO 3 for all tests.

Test temperature:

25 ± I°C

pH:

The arithmetic mean, standard deviation and range of pH readings for all
tests was 7.88 ± 0.18 (7.31-8.85).

Dissolved oxygen:

Dissolved oxygen (D.O.) was measured by a
dissolved oxygen meter (calibrated by the azide modification of the
Winkler method) on one complete set of replicate tanks (6) at least once
during acute tests and once weekly during all 28-d larval tests. The
mean, standard deviation and range of D.O. measurements (mg/L) for
all tests was 6.8± 0.7 (5.0-8.5).

Details on test conditions:

Exposure System
Continuous-flow mini-diluter exposure systems with vented enclosures
(Benoit et al. 1982) were used for all tests. The diluters generated five
exposure concentrations and a control, all in replicate, with a dilution
factor of 0.5. Exposure tanks were glass aquaria 18.5 × 14.0 × 13.0
cm deep. Each exposure tank had a 8.6 cm standpipe which resulted in
a tank volume of 2.0 L. Flow rates and 90% replacement times
(Sprague 1969) were 25 ml/min and 2.8 h, respectively, during all
tests. Fluorescent lamps provided a light intensity that ranged from 12
to 25 lumens at the water surface. A 16-h photoperiod was used for all
tests.

Results and discussion

Effect concentrations

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Effect conc.:

37.7 mg/L

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Any other information on results incl. tables

Sublethal observations / clinical signs:

The 96-h LC50 for 4-chloroaniline was 37.7 mg/L and the acute-to-chronic ratio was greater than 16.8.