4-nitrotoluene

Long-term toxicity to fish

Link to relevant study record(s)

Reference

Reference 1

Endpoint:

long-term toxicity to fish, other

Type of information:

other: OECD SIDS

Adequacy of study:

other information

Reliability:

other: OECD SIDS

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: no reliability is given as this is a summary entry for the OECD SIDS

Principles of method if other than guideline:

OECD SIDS

GLP compliance:

not specified

OECD SIDS (2003):

In a semi-chronic test with Oryzias latipes a 28 d-NOEC of 0.8 mg/l for the endpoint effects mortality and swimming behaviour was determined. The results of the stability experiment performed before testing fish toxicity showed a decay of the test compound in the test medium of only 6 % after 8 days. Therefore nominal concentrations can be used (Canton et al., 1985). In another long-term study with Poecilia reticulata (semistatic exposure) a 28 d-NOEC of 10 mg/l concerning the endpoints mortality and swimming behaviour was found (Slooff and Canton, 1983). The same authors found in a chronic toxicity test to Oryzias latipes (semistatic exposure) a 40 d-NOEC of 32 mg/l concerning the endpoint hatching rate and a 40 d-NOEC of 1 mg/l concerning the endpoints mortality, growth and swimming behaviour. The reported values in this study are all nominal (Slooff and Canton, 1983). No explanation is given by the authors for the higher sensitivity of the endpoint mortality compared to hatching.

Executive summary:

OECD SIDS (2003):

In a semi-chronic test with Oryzias latipes a 28 d-NOEC of 0.8 mg/l for the endpoint effects mortality and swimming behaviour was determined. The results of the stability experiment performed before testing fish toxicity showed a decay of the test compound in the test medium of only 6 % after 8 days. Therefore nominal concentrations can be used (Canton et al., 1985). In another long-term study with Poecilia reticulata (semistatic exposure) a 28 d-NOEC of 10 mg/l concerning the endpoints mortality and swimming behaviour was found (Slooff and Canton, 1983). The same authors found in a chronic toxicity test to Oryzias latipes (semistatic exposure) a 40 d-NOEC of 32 mg/l concerning the endpoint hatching rate and a 40 d-NOEC of 1 mg/l concerning the endpoints mortality, growth and swimming behaviour. The reported values in this study are all nominal (Slooff and Canton, 1983). No explanation is given by the authors for the higher sensitivity of the endpoint mortality compared to hatching.

Reference 2

Endpoint:

long-term toxicity to fish, other

Type of information:

other: BUA report

Adequacy of study:

other information

Reliability:

other: BUA report

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: no reliability is given as this is a summary entry for the BUA report

Principles of method if other than guideline:

BUA report

GLP compliance:

not specified

BUA report (1989):

For the chronic effects of p-nitrotoluene to Poecilia reticulata Deneer et al. (1987) found a 14d-LC50 of 36.9 mg/L. In a 28d study on the effect of p-nitrotoluene with respect to mortality, growth and behavior of Poecilia reticulata, the no-effect concentration (NOLC, NOEC) was found to be 10 mg/L (Slooff & Canton, 1983). A 40d test on the effect of p-nitrotoluene on the eggs of Oryzias latipes showed a no-effect concentration (NOLC, NOEC) of 1 mg/L for mortality and larval behavior and 32 mg/L for the hatching rate (Slooff & Canton, 1983).

Canton et al. (1985) determined the following values as results of a 28d test with Oryzias latipes:

LC50 = 3.5 mg/L, EC50 (mortality and immobility) = 2.8 mg/L, NOEC (mortality and immobility) = 0.8 mg/L.

Executive summary:

BUA report (1989):

For the chronic effects of p-nitrotoluene to Poecilia reticulata Deneer et al. (1987) found a 14d-LC50 of 36.9 mg/L. In a 28d study on the effect of p-nitrotoluene with respect to mortality, growth and behavior of Poecilia reticulata, the no-effect concentration (NOLC, NOEC) was found to be 10 mg/L (Slooff & Canton, 1983). A 40d test on the effect of p-nitrotoluene on the eggs of Oryzias latipes showed a no-effect concentration (NOLC, NOEC) of 1 mg/L for mortality and larval behavior and 32 mg/L for the hatching rate (Slooff & Canton, 1983).

Canton et al. (1985) determined the following values as results of a 28d test with Oryzias latipes:

LC50 = 3.5 mg/L, EC50 (mortality and immobility) = 2.8 mg/L, NOEC (mortality and immobility) = 0.8 mg/L.

Reference 3

Endpoint:

adult fish: sub(lethal) effects

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

other information

Reliability:

4 (not assignable)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

documentation insufficient for assessment

Remarks:

Test procedure in accordance with generally accepted scientific standards, but not described in sufficient detail

Principles of method if other than guideline:

other: Test similar to the method described by Canton and Slooff (1982) [Canton, JH and Slooff, W (1982): Substitutes for phosphate containing washing products: their toxicity and biodegradability in the aquatic environment. Chemosphere 11 (9): 891 - 907]

GLP compliance:

not specified

Specific details on test material used for the study:

Name of test material (as cited in publication): 4-Nitrotoluene
Analytical purity > 99.5 % Purity (Origin: Fluka)

Analytical monitoring:

yes

Details on sampling:

no data

Vehicle:

not specified

Test organisms (species):

Oryzias latipes

Details on test organisms:

- age of animals at start of test: 3-4 weeks

Test type:

semi-static

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

28 d

Test temperature:

23 +/- 2 °C

Details on test conditions:

- 50 animals each test
- Fish were fed with Tetramine, Tetraphyll
- Photoperiod (day-/night rhythm)
- 3-times a week adjustment of the concentration
- Culturing and test medium: NaHCO3 100 mg/L, CaCl2*2H2O 200 mg/L, KHCO3 20 mg/L, MgSO4*7H2O 180 mg/L

Duration:

28 d

Dose descriptor:

NOEC

Effect conc.:

0.8 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

not specified

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

other: mortality and immobilisation

Duration:

28 d

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Effect conc.:

3.5 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

not specified

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality

Duration:

28 d

Dose descriptor:

EC50

Effect conc.:

2.8 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

not specified

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

other: mortality and immobilisation

Executive summary:

The toxicity of 4-Nitrotoluene to Oryzias latipes was evaluated in a 28 d study performed according to the method described by Canton and Sloof (1982). The 28d-NOEC value was determined to be 0.8 mg/L (Canton et al. 1985).

Description of key information

For transported isolated intermediates according to REACh, Article 18, this endpoint is not a data requirement. However, data is available for this endpoint and is thus reported under the guidance of "all available data".

OECD SIDS (2003):

In a semi-chronic test with Oryzias latipes a 28 d-NOEC of 0.8 mg/l for the endpoint effects mortality and swimming behaviour was determined. The results of the stability experiment performed before testing fish toxicity showed a decay of the test compound in the test medium of only 6 % after 8 days. Therefore nominal concentrations can be used (Canton et al., 1985). In another long-term study with Poecilia reticulata (semistatic exposure) a 28 d-NOEC of 10 mg/l concerning the endpoints mortality and swimming behaviour was found (Slooff and Canton, 1983). The same authors found in a chronic toxicity test to Oryzias latipes (semistatic exposure) a 40 d-NOEC of 32 mg/l concerning the endpoint hatching rate and a 40 d-NOEC of 1 mg/l concerning the endpoints mortality, growth and swimming behaviour. The reported values in this study are all nominal (Slooff and Canton, 1983). No explanation is given by the authors for the higher sensitivity of the endpoint mortality compared to hatching.

BUA report (1989)/Canton et al. (1985):

For the chronic effects of p-nitrotoluene to Poecilia reticulata Deneer et al. (1987) found a 14d-LC50 of 36.9 mg/L. In a 28d study on the effect of p-nitrotoluene with respect to mortality, growth and behavior of Poecilia reticulata, the no-effect concentration (NOLC, NOEC) was found to be 10 mg/L (Slooff & Canton, 1983). A 40d test on the effect of p-nitrotoluene on the eggs of Oryzias latipes showed a no-effect concentration (NOLC, NOEC) of 1 mg/L for mortality and larval behavior and 32 mg/L for the hatching rate (Slooff & Canton, 1983).

Canton et al. (1985) determined the following values as results of a 28d test with Oryzias latipes:

LC50 = 3.5 mg/L, EC50 (mortality and immobility) = 2.8 mg/L, NOEC (mortality and immobility) = 0.8 mg/L.