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Diss Factsheets
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EC number: 248-003-8 | CAS number: 26787-78-0
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Phototransformation in water
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
Description of key information
Key study. Method similar to OECD Phototransformation of chemicals in waters; no GLP. The test item is found to be susceptible to photoinduced transformations, especially in slightly basic conditions. The test item is characterised by a maximum half-life of 9d in winter (50º latitude) and a minimum half-life of 2d in summer (20º latitude).
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- Half-life in water:
- 9 d
Additional information
In the hydrolysis and direct photolysis experiment performed by Andreozzi et al. (2004), the abiotic degradation process of amoxicillin was described as a hydrolysis reaction through the attack of the nucleophile H2O to the β-lactam ring followed by the ring opening and the UV absorption for λ > 290 nm being the substance susceptible of photoinduced transformations. According to the obtained results, both processes would be favoured in slightly basic aqueous medium. The hydrolysis rate constants were Khydr (pH 5.5) = 0.00146 h-1 and Khydr (pH 7.5) = 0,00317 h-1. The photolysis rate constants were Kphot (pH 5.5) = 2.09*10-3 h-1 and Kphot (pH 7.5) = 3.09*10-3 h-1. In regards to the indirect photolysis process, the same authors determined that the effect of nitrate ions was negligible at both investigated pH values of pH 5.5 and pH 7.5 since the nitrate ion absorbs sunlight as amoxicillin in the middle-UV region of hydroxyl radicals production. When humic acids were presents the photodegradation rate of amoxicillin was enhanced at both pH.
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