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Ecotoxicological information

Short-term toxicity to fish

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Endpoint:
short-term toxicity to fish
Type of information:
experimental study
Adequacy of study:
key study
Reliability:
2 (reliable with restrictions)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
guideline study with acceptable restrictions
Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
read-across: supporting information
Qualifier:
according to guideline
Guideline:
other: OECD 210 “Fish, Early Life Stage Toxicity”
GLP compliance:
no
Analytical monitoring:
no
Vehicle:
yes
Details on test solutions:
In several instances acetone or dimethyl sulfoxide was used as a solvent for the compounds. The concentrations of these carriers were kept below 100 µl/l.
Test organisms (species):
Danio rerio (previous name: Brachydanio rerio)
Details on test organisms:
- Fertilized eggs in the blastula stage (2 - 4 h after spawning);
disinfected for 1 min in a 0.04 % formalin solution
Test type:
semi-static
Water media type:
freshwater
Limit test:
no
Total exposure duration:
7 d
Nominal and measured concentrations:
5 to 7 concentrations tested plus one control
The range between the concentrations was 3.2.
Duration:
7 d
Dose descriptor:
LC50
Effect conc.:
560 mg/L
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
test mat.
Basis for effect:
mortality (fish)
Remarks on result:
other: 99%CL: 320-1000
Sublethal observations / clinical signs:
no information is given on using a buffered medium, but pH value of the test medium indicates a pH adjustment RS-Freetext:
LOEC (mortality): 1000 mg/l
LOEC (total embryotoxicity): 1000 mg/l
EC50 (total embryotoxicity): 561 mg/l
Executive summary:

Prolonged toxicity of phthalic anhydride to fish (Danio rerio) has been tested under semistatic conditions in accordance to OECD Guideline Draft "Early Life Stage. A 7 d-LC50 of 560 mg/l was measured (van Leeuwen, 1990).

Endpoint:
short-term toxicity to fish
Type of information:
read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
Adequacy of study:
key study
Reliability:
2 (reliable with restrictions)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
guideline study with acceptable restrictions
Justification for type of information:
Phthalic anhydride, the cyclic anhydride of phthalic acid, is used for the read across.
For further information see attached document:
Justification for a read-across between phthalic acid and phthalic anhydride
Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
read-across source
Duration:
7 d
Dose descriptor:
LC50
Effect conc.:
560 mg/L
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
test mat.
Basis for effect:
mortality (fish)
Remarks on result:
other: 99% CL: 320-1000
Endpoint:
short-term toxicity to fish
Type of information:
experimental study
Adequacy of study:
other information
Reliability:
3 (not reliable)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
unsuitable test system
Principles of method if other than guideline:
Determination of the acute effect of compounds on fish. Working group "Fischtest im Hauptausschuß Detergenzien" (1973)
GLP compliance:
no
Analytical monitoring:
not specified
Test organisms (species):
Leuciscus idus
Test type:
static
Water media type:
freshwater
Total exposure duration:
48 h
Duration:
48 h
Dose descriptor:
LC0
Effect conc.:
200 mg/L
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
test mat.
Basis for effect:
mortality (fish)
Endpoint:
short-term toxicity to fish
Type of information:
experimental study
Adequacy of study:
weight of evidence
Reliability:
3 (not reliable)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
unsuitable test system
Principles of method if other than guideline:
Determination of the influence different temperatures in the presents of various pollutants in a static test system.
GLP compliance:
not specified
Vehicle:
yes
Test organisms (species):
Oryzias latipes
Test type:
static
Duration:
48 h
Dose descriptor:
LC50
Effect conc.:
> 1 000 mg/L
Details on results:
The same values were obtained at 10, 20, and 30°C.
Endpoint:
short-term toxicity to fish
Type of information:
experimental study
Adequacy of study:
weight of evidence
Reliability:
3 (not reliable)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
other: significant methodological deficiencies, to short exposure duration
Principles of method if other than guideline:
Acute toxicity test conducted with a semi static method.
GLP compliance:
not specified
Test organisms (species):
Cyprinus carpio
Details on test organisms:
The carp were purchased from a commercial source and were kept under laboratory conditions for at last 2 weeks. The weight of the fish was ca. 5 g and the length 5 cm.
Test type:
semi-static
Total exposure duration:
48 h
pH:
7
Duration:
48 h
Dose descriptor:
LC50
Effect conc.:
500 mg/L
Nominal / measured:
not specified
Conc. based on:
test mat.
Basis for effect:
other: inhibition

Description of key information

The embryolarval stages of Brachydanio rerio (new name: Danio rerio) were exposed to phthalic anhydride for 7 days in buffered medium under semi-static conditions. The test was conducted in accordance to OECD Guideline Draft "Early Life Stage” 210 yielding a LC50 of 560 mg/l. (Van Leeuwen, 1990).

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Fresh water fish

Fresh water fish
Dose descriptor:
LC50
Effect concentration:
560 mg/L

Additional information

Due to fast hydrolysis the LC50-value obtained for phthalic anhydride was considered here to assess the toxicity to fish of phthalic acid. The test conducted according to the Draft Guideline OECD 210 (“Fish, Early Life Stage”) with Brachydanio rerio (new name: Danio rerio) is regarded as an acute toxicity test to fish and preferred for hazard assessment; due to the following reasons: The study cannot be used concerning long-term adverse effects, as the exposure duration of 7 days is too short to obtain long-lasting effects. With respect to acute toxicity, the developmental stages in the life cycles of fish have been shown to be relatively sensitive to the effects of chemicals rather than to adults, and leading to more meaningful results. It is not the lowest value found in acute toxicity tests on fish, because the results are regarded as non-reliable, due to the short exposure duration. The non reliable effect values (48-hour LC50) of 500 mg/l (Zhao 1998) and > 1000 mg/l (Tsuji 1986) for phthalic acid are in good agreement with the results found in the experiments conducted with phthalic anhydride.