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EC number: 241-769-4 | CAS number: 17791-81-0
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicological Summary
- Administrative data
- Workers - Hazard via inhalation route
- Workers - Hazard via dermal route
- Workers - Hazard for the eyes
- Additional information - workers
- General Population - Hazard via inhalation route
- General Population - Hazard via dermal route
- General Population - Hazard via oral route
- General Population - Hazard for the eyes
- Additional information - General Population
Administrative data
Workers - Hazard via inhalation route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 1.8 mg/m³
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 30
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEC
- Value:
- 52.9 mg/m³
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
- There are no relevant experimental data on repeated exposure by inhalation. A conservative approach is used assuming a two times higher absorption via the inhalation route (end route) as compared to the oral route (starting route).
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- The dose response relationship is considered unremarkable, therefore no additional factor is used.
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 6
- Justification:
- The default extrapolation factor for exposure duration is used: subacute (starting point) to chronic (end point).
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 1
- Justification:
- Respiratory interspecies differences are fully covered by the factors used for route to route extrapolation.
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 1
- Justification:
- Based on the toxicological profile of the substance there is no evidence for species differences in the general mode of action or kinetics of the substance. Therefore, there is no rationale for an additional factor of 2.5 for remaining differences. Through the conservativeness of the applied assessment factors and the multiplication of the different factors the assessment is already sufficiently conservative.
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 5
- Justification:
- The default value for the relatively homogenous group "worker" is used.
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- The quality of the whole data base is considered to be sufficient and uncritical.
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
- Justification:
- The approach used for DNEL derivation is conservative. No further assessment factors are required.
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- acute toxicity
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- acute toxicity
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- acute toxicity
DNEL related information
Workers - Hazard via dermal route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 5 mg/kg bw/day
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 120
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 600 mg/kg bw/day
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
- There are no relevant experimental data on repeated dermal exposure. Taken into account the physico-chemical and toxic properties of the substance, dermal absoption is anticipated to be 10 % of oral absorption.
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- The dose response relationship is considered unremarkable, therefore no additional factor is used.
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 6
- Justification:
- The default extrapolation factor for exposure duration is used: subacute (starting point) to chronic (end point).
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 4
- Justification:
- The default allometric scaling factor for the differences between rats and humans is used.
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 1
- Justification:
- Based on the toxicological profile of the substance there is no evidence for species differences in the general mode of action or kinetics of the substance. Therefore, there is no rationale for an additional factor of 2.5 for remaining differences. Through the conservativeness of the applied assessment factors and the multiplication of the different factors the assessment is already sufficiently conservative.
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 5
- Justification:
- The default value for the relatively homogenous group "worker" is used.
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- The quality of the whole data base is considered to be sufficient and uncritical.
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
- Justification:
- The approach used for DNEL derivation is conservative. No further assessment factors are required.
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- acute toxicity
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- skin irritation/corrosion
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- skin irritation/corrosion
Workers - Hazard for the eyes
Local effects
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Additional information - workers
General
DNEL derivation for the test item is performed under consideration of the recommendations of ECHA (2010).
Acute, systemic DNEL
The test substance is not classified and labelled for acute systemic toxicity, according to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP), based on the test data for acute oral and dermal toxicity. Thus, the derivation of a DNEL for acute/short term exposure is not required.
Acute/long term DNEL for local effects
Inhalation: Inhalation DNEL for local effects does not need to be derived as no skin and eye irritating (leading to C&L) and in conclusion no indication of local mucosal membranes damage has been identified (in accordance with "Guidance on information requirements and chemical safety assessment", chapter R8, November 2012).Thus, no DNEL is required.
Skin irritation/corrosion: The test substance is not classified for skin irritation/corrosion according to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP) based on the available experimental data. Therefore, no qualitative assessment is conducted.
Eye irritation: The test substance is not classified for eye irritation according to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP) based on the available experimental data. Therefore, no qualitative assessment is conducted.
Respiratory irritation: No data on respiratory irritation is available. As the substance is not classified as skin and eye irritating also no adverse effects on respiratory system is expected. No DNEL was derived.
Long term, systemic DNEL
Occupational exposure to the test substance occurs mainly by oral and dermal route. Therefore two long-term DNELs are calculated for workers. In view of the data used for evaluation, the "quality of whole database factor", "dose-response factor" and “remaining uncertainties” are considered to amount each to a value of 1, and are thus not shown in the calculations presented below.
Exposure by inhalation
Step 1: Selection of the relevant dose descriptor (starting point):
For risk characterization an inhalation NOAEC was derived by route to route extrapolation. The OECD TG 422 study is selected for DNEL derivation as it is the relevant repeated dose study performed in accordance to OECD guideline and GLP. In this study, the oral NOAEL in rats is 60 mg/kg bw/day.
Step 2: Modification into a correct starting point:
Using a conservative approach, a worker DNEL (long-term inhalation exposure) is derived. This worker DNEL is considered to ensure an appropriate level of protection with regard to acute inhalation exposure (no high peaks of exposure expected).
Relevant dose descriptor (NOAEL): 60 mg/kg bw/day
Standard respiratory volume of the rat (sRVrat) for 8 hours: 0.38 m³/kg bw/d
Oral absorption of the rat / inhalation absorption of humans (ABSoral-rat / ABSinh-human): 0.5
Standard respiratory volume of humans (sRVhuman) for 8 hours: 6.7 m³
Worker respiratory volume (wRV) for 8 hours with light physical activity: 10 m³
Corrected inhalatory NOAEC for workers
= 60 mg/kg bw/d × 0.5 × (1 / 0.38 m³/kg bw/d) × (6.7 m³/10 m³)
= 52.9 mg/m³
Step 3: Use of assessment factors: 30
Interspecies: Respiratory interspecies differences are fully covered by the modification of the NOAEC. Based on the toxicological profile of the substance there is no evidence for species differences in the general mode of action or kinetics of the substance. Therefore, there is no rationale for an additional factor of 2.5 for remaining differences. Through the conservativeness of the applied assessment factors and the multiplication of the different factors the assessment is already sufficiently conservative.
Intraspecies AF (worker): 5
Exposure duration AF: 6 (29 days)
In conclusion, long term systemic inhalation DNEL, workers = 1.8 mg/m3
Dermal exposure
Step 1: Selection of the relevant dose descriptor (starting point):
The OECD TG 422 study is selected for DNEL derivation as it is the relevant repeated dose study performed in accordance to OECD guideline and GLP. In this study, the oral NOAEL in rats is 60 mg/kg bw/day.
Step 2: Modification of the starting point:
A worker DNEL (long-term dermal exposure) is derived. Based on physico-chemical (MW = 1673.437 g/mol, log Kow = -6.5) and toxic properties of the test substance dermal absorption is anticipated to be low. The test substance is not classified as skin irritant or skin sensitizer and therefore no damage to the skin may enhance penetration. Thus, a dermal absorption of 10% of oral absorption is assumed as worst case.
In conclusion, dermal NOAEL = oral NOAEL x [ABS oral rat/ABS dermal human] = 60 mg/kg bw/day x (100/10) = 600 mg/kg bw/d.
Step 3: Use of assessment factors: 120
Interspecies AF, allometric scaling (rat to human): 4
Interspecies AF, remaining differences: Based on the toxicological profile of the substance there is no evidence for species differences in the general mode of action or kinetics of the substance. Therefore, there is no rationale for an additional factor of 2.5 for remaining differences. Through the conservativeness of the applied assessment factors and the multiplication of the different factors the assessment is already sufficiently conservative.
Intraspecies AF (worker): 5
Exposure duration AF: 6
In conclusion, long term systemic dermal DNEL, workers = 5 mg/kg bw/day
References
(not included as endpoint study record)
- ECHA (2012). Guidance on information requirements and chemical safety assessment. Chapter R.8: Characterisation of dose [concentration]-response for human health. Version 2.1 ECHA-2010-G-19 –EN.
- ECHA (2014). Guidance on information requirements and chemical safety assessment. Chapter R.7.12: Endpoint specific guidance: Guidance on Toxicokinetics. Version 2. ECHA-14 -G-06 -EN.
- ECHA (2012) Practical Guide 15: How to undertake a qualitative human health assessment and document it in a chemical safety report, November 2012.
General Population - Hazard via inhalation route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 0.4 mg/m³
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 60
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEC
- Value:
- 22.2 mg/m³
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
- There are no relevant experimental data on repeated exposure by inhalation. A conservative approach is used assuming a two times higher absorption via the inhalation route (end route) as compared to the oral route (starting route).
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- The dose response relationship is considered unremarkable, therefore no additional factor is used.
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 6
- Justification:
- The default extrapolation factor for exposure duration is used: subacute (starting point) to chronic (end point).
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 1
- Justification:
- Respiratory interspecies differences are fully covered by the factors used for route to route extrapolation.
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 1
- Justification:
- Based on the toxicological profile of the substance there is no evidence for species differences in the general mode of action or kinetics of the substance. Therefore, there is no rationale for an additional factor of 2.5 for remaining differences. Through the conservativeness of the applied assessment factors and the multiplication of the different factors the assessment is already sufficiently conservative.
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 10
- Justification:
- The default value for the more heterogenous group "general population" is used.
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- The quality of the whole data base is considered to be sufficient and uncritical.
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
- Justification:
- The approach used for DNEL derivation is conservative. No further assessment factors are required.
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- acute toxicity
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- acute toxicity
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- acute toxicity
DNEL related information
General Population - Hazard via dermal route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 2.5 mg/kg bw/day
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 240
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 60 mg/kg bw/day
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
- There are no relevant experimental data on repeated dermal exposure. Taken into account the physico-chemical and toxic properties of the substance, dermal absoption is anticipated to be 10 % of oral absorption.
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- The dose response relationship is considered unremarkable, therefore no additional factor is used.
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 6
- Justification:
- The default extrapolation factor for exposure duration is used: subacute (starting point) to chronic (end point).
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 4
- Justification:
- The default allometric scaling factor for the differences between rats and humans is used.
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 1
- Justification:
- Based on the toxicological profile of the substance there is no evidence for species differences in the general mode of action or kinetics of the substance. Therefore, there is no rationale for an additional factor of 2.5 for remaining differences. Through the conservativeness of the applied assessment factors and the multiplication of the different factors the assessment is already sufficiently conservative.
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 10
- Justification:
- The default value for the relatively homogenous group "general population" is used.
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- The quality of the whole data base is considered to be sufficient and uncritical.
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
- Justification:
- The approach used for DNEL derivation is conservative. No further assessment factors are required.
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- acute toxicity
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- skin irritation/corrosion
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- skin irritation/corrosion
General Population - Hazard via oral route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 0.25 mg/kg bw/day
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 240
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 60 mg/kg bw/day
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
- No route to route extrapolation is necessary since a repeated dose oral toxicity study is available.
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- The dose response relationship is considered unremarkable, therefore no additional factor is used.
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 6
- Justification:
- The default extrapolation factor for exposure duration is used: subacute (starting point) to chronic (end point).
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 4
- Justification:
- The default allometric scaling factor for the differences between rats and humans is used.
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 1
- Justification:
- Based on the toxicological profile of the substance there is no evidence for species differences in the general mode of action or kinetics of the substance. Therefore, there is no rationale for an additional factor of 2.5 for remaining differences. Through the conservativeness of the applied assessment factors and the multiplication of the different factors the assessment is already sufficiently conservative.
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 10
- Justification:
- The default value for the relatively homogenous group "general population" is used.
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- The quality of the whole data base is considered to be sufficient and uncritical.
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
- Justification:
- The approach used for DNEL derivation is conservative. No further assessment factors are required.
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- acute toxicity
DNEL related information
General Population - Hazard for the eyes
Local effects
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Additional information - General Population
General
DNEL derivation for the test item is performed under consideration of the recommendations of ECHA (2010). In view of the data used for evaluation, the "quality of whole database factors", “remaining uncertainties” and "dose-response factors" are considered to amount each to a value of 1, and are thus not shown in the calculations presented below.
Acute, systemic DNEL
The test substance is not classified and labelled for acute systemic toxicity, according to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP), based on the test data for acute oral and dermal toxicity. Thus, the derivation of a DNEL for acute/short term exposure is not required.
Acute/long term DNEL for local effects
Inhalation: Inhalation DNEL for local effects does not need to be derived as no skin and eye irritating (leading to C&L) and in conclusion no indication of local mucosal membranes damage has been identified (in accordance with "Guidance on information requirements and chemical safety assessment", chapter R8, November 2012). Thus, no DNEL is required.
Skin irritation/corrosion: The test substance is not classified for skin irritation/corrosion according to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP) based on the available experimental data. Therefore, no qualitative assessment is conducted.
Eye irritation: The test substance is not classified for eye irritation according to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP) based on the available experimental data. Therefore, no qualitative assessment is conducted.
Respiratory irritation: No data on respiratory irritation is available. As the substance is not classified as skin and eye irritating also no adverse effects on respiratory system is expected.No DNEL was derived.
Long term, systemic DNEL
Exposure by inhalation
Step 1: Selection of the relevant dose descriptor (starting point):
For risk characterisation an inhalation NOAEC was derived by route to route extrapolation. The OECD TG 422 study is selected for DNEL derivation as it is the relevant repeated dose study performed in accordance to OECD guideline and GLP. In this study, the oral NOAEL in rats is 60 mg/kg bw/day.
Step 2: Modification into a correct starting point:
Using a conservative approach, a DNEL (long-term inhalation exposure) for general population is derived. This worker DNEL is considered to ensure an appropriate level of protection with regard to acute inhalation exposure (no high peaks of exposure expected).
Relevant dose descriptor (NOAEL): 60 mg/kg bw/day
Standard respiratory volume of the rat (sRVrat) for 24 hours: 1.35 m³/kg bw/d
Oral absorption of the rat / inhalation absorption of humans (ABSoral-rat / ABSinh-human): 0.5
Corrected inhalatory NOAEC for general population
= 60 mg/kg bw/d × 1/1.35 m³/kg bw/d x 0.5
= 22.2 mg/m³
Step 3: Use of assessment factors: 60
Interspecies AF (allometric scaling): Respiratory interspecies differences are fully covered by the modification of the NOAEC. Based on the toxicological profile of the substance there is no evidence for species differences in the general mode of action or kinetics of the substance. Therefore, there is no rationale for an additional factor of 2.5 for remaining differences. Through the conservativeness of the applied assessment factors and the multiplication of the different factors the assessment is already sufficiently conservative.
Intraspecies AF (general population): 10
Exposure duration AF: 6 (29 days)
In conclusion, long term systemic inhalation DNEL, general population = 0.375 mg/m³ ~ 0.4 mg/m3
Dermal exposure
Step 1: Selection of the relevant dose descriptor (starting point):
There are no relevant experimental data on repeated exposure via dermal route. Thus, the OECD TG 422 study is selected for DNEL derivation as it is the relevant dose study performed in accordance to OECD guideline and GLP. In this study, the NOAEL in rats is 60 mg/kg bw/d.
Step 2: Modification into a correct starting point:
A DNEL (long-term dermal exposure) for general population is derived. Based on physico-chemical (MW = 1673.437 g/mol, log Kow = -6.5) and toxic properties of the test substance dermal absorption is anticipated to be low. The test substance is not classified as skin irritant or skin sensitizer and therefore no damage to the skin may enhance penetration. Thus, a dermal absorption of 10% of oral absorption is assumed as worst case.
In conclusion, dermal NOAEL = oral NOAEL x [ABS oral rat/ABS dermal human] = 60 mg/kg bw/day x (100/10) = 600 mg/kg bw/d.
Step 3: Use of assessment factors: 240
Interspecies AF, allometric scaling (rat to human): 4
Interspecies AF, remaining differences: Based on the toxicological profile of the substance there is no evidence for species differences in the general mode of action or kinetics of the substance. Therefore, there is no rationale for an additional factor of 2.5 for remaining differences. Through the conservativeness of the applied assessment factors and the multiplication of the different factors the assessment is already sufficiently conservative.
Intraspecies AF (general population): 10
Exposure duration AF: 6 (29 days)
In conclusion, long term systemic dermal DNEL, general population = 2.5 mg/kg bw/day
Oral exposure
Step 1: Selection of the relevant dose descriptor (starting point):
An OECD 422 study in rats is selected for DNEL derivation as it is the relevant repeated dose study performed in accordance to OECD guideline and GLP. In this study, the oral NOAEL in rats is 60 mg/kg bw/day.
Step 2: Modification of the starting point:
Not required.
Step 3: Use of assessment factors: 240
Interspecies AF, allometric scaling (rat to human): 4
Interspecies AF, remaining differences: Based on the toxicological profile of the substance there is no evidence for species differences in the general mode of action or kinetics of the substance. Therefore, there is no rationale for an additional factor of 2.5 for remaining differences. Through the conservativeness of the applied assessment factors and the multiplication of the different factors the assessment is already sufficiently conservative.
Intraspecies AF (general population): 10
Exposure duration AF: 6 (29 days)
In conclusion, long term systemic oral DNEL, general population = 0.25 mg/kg bw/day
References
(not included as endpoint study record)
- ECHA (2012). Guidance on information requirements and chemical safety assessment. Chapter R.8: Characterisation of dose [concentration]-response for human health. Version 2.1 ECHA-2010-G-19 –EN.
- ECHA (2014). Guidance on information requirements and chemical safety assessment. Chapter R.7.12: Endpoint specific guidance: Guidance on Toxicokinetics. Version 2. ECHA-14 -G-06 -EN.
- ECHA (2012) Practical Guide 15: How to undertake a qualitative human health assessment and document it in a chemical safety report, November 2012.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.