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EC number: 207-306-5 | CAS number: 460-19-5
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Endpoint summary
Administrative data
Description of key information
Ethanedinitrile is not skin and eye irritant (cause eye wiping, not damage).
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Skin irritation / corrosion
Link to relevant study records
- Endpoint:
- skin corrosion: in vitro / ex vivo
- Data waiving:
- study scientifically not necessary / other information available
- Justification for data waiving:
- the study does not need to be conducted because an acute toxicity study by the dermal route does not indicate skin irritation up to the relevant limit dose level (2 000 mg/kg body weight)
- Endpoint:
- skin irritation: in vivo
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment
- Qualifier:
- no guideline followed
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Four male albino rabbits whose weights averaged 4.5 pounds were closely clipped of their fur, restrained in a wooden stock, and placed in the chamber. An especially designed door, through which the rabbits heads extended into glass jarsmaintained under positive air pressure, prevented the rabbits from breathing cyanogen while their bodies were being exposed and also made observation of the heads of the rabbits possible. The bodies of the rabbits were exposed to ethanedinitrile concentration of 10,000 ppm for a period of 8 hours.
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- Ethanedinitrile ≥ 99.5 %
- Species:
- rabbit
- Strain:
- not specified
- Remarks:
- male albino rabbits
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- Four male albino rabbits whose weights averaged 4.5 pounds were closely clipped of their fur, restrained in a wooden stock, and placed in the chamber. An especially designed door, through which the rabbits heads extended into glass jarsmaintained under positive air pressure, prevented the rabbits from breathing cyanogen while their bodies were being exposed and also made observation of the heads of the rabbits possible. The bodies of the rabbits were exposed to ethanedinitrile concentration of 10,000 ppm for a period of 8 hours.
- Type of coverage:
- open
- Preparation of test site:
- clipped
- Vehicle:
- other: air
- Controls:
- no
- Amount / concentration applied:
- 10,000 ppm
- Duration of treatment / exposure:
- 8 hours
- Observation period:
- 8 hours
- Number of animals:
- 4
- Details on study design:
- Four male albino rabbits whose weights averaged 4.5 pounds were closely clipped of their fur, restrained in a wooden stock, and placed in the chamber. An especially designed door, through which the rabbits heads extended into glass jars maintained under positive air pressure, prevented the rabbits from breathing cyanogen while their bodies were being exposed and also made observation of the heads of the rabbits possible. The bodies of the rabbits were exposed to ethanedinitrile concentration of 10,000 ppm for a period of 8 hours.
- Irritation parameter:
- edema score
- Basis:
- mean
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- >= 0 <=
- Max. score:
- 0
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible
- Remarks on result:
- no indication of irritation
- Irritation parameter:
- erythema score
- Basis:
- mean
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- >= 0 <=
- Max. score:
- 0
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible
- Remarks on result:
- no indication of irritation
- Irritant / corrosive response data:
- Dermal exposure of rabbits to ethanedinitrile gas in an acute toxicity study indicates that ethanedinitrile is not a skin irritant. Dermal exposure of rabbits to 10,000 ppm (~21 g/m3) of ethanedinitrile for eight hours did not result in any clinical observations or macroscopic effects. None of the observation data meet requirements for labelling of EDN as a skin irritating substance, resulting from the requirements for substance classification according (ES) 1272/2008.
- Other effects:
- no other effects observed
- Interpretation of results:
- other: CLP criteria not met
- Conclusions:
- Dermal exposure of rabbits to ethanedinitrile gas in an acute toxicity study indicates that ethanedinitrile is not a skin irritant. Dermal exposure of rabbits to 10,000 ppm (~21 g/m3) of ethanedinitrile for eight hours did not result in any clinical observations or macroscopic effects.
- Executive summary:
Dermal exposure of rabbits to ethanedinitrile gas in an acute toxicity study indicates that ethanedinitrile is not a skin irritant. Dermal exposure of rabbits to 10,000 ppm (~21 g/m3) of ethanedinitrile for eight hours did not result in any clinical observations or macroscopic effects. None of the observation data meet requirements for labelling of EDN as a skin irritating substance, resulting from the requirements for substance classification according (ES) 1272/2008.
Materials and Methods
Test material Ethanedinitrile (Cyanogen), (NCCN)
Specification Ethanedinitrile gas
Purity 99.5% (0.5%–nitrogen, chlorine, cyanogen chloride)
Test Animals Rat
Strain Albino rat – strain not reported
Source Not reported
Sex Males only
Age/weight at study initiation 135 g (average)
Number of animals per group 13 groups of six rats – six different concentrations, six different time periods and control
Administration/Exposure Inhalation
Postexposure period 14 days
Concentration of test substance
Nominal concentration: 0, 533, 537, 851, 851, 1054, 1066, 2115, 2111, 4207, 4223, 8508, 8571 mg/m³ (0, 250, 250, 400, 400, 500, 500, 1000, 1000, 2000, 2000, 4000 and 4000 ppm)
Type of exposure Whole body
Duration of exposure 120, 60, 45, 30, 15, 7.5 and 0 minutes
Controls Not reported
Results and Discussion
Clinical symptoms asphyxiation, lacrimation, upper respiratory tract irritation, pink coloration of the noticeable skin, blinking eyes, rubbing of forepaws over eyes and snout, huddling together with inactivity, slow gasping, tearful eyes, yellow fluid dripping from nares and mouth, restless and panic type movements, accentuated and poorly coordinated motions, bright pink coloration of the skin, laboured breathing, gasping, tremors, sluggishness, prostration, shallow breathing, death
Pathology Not reported
LC50 23,400 ppm / t; t= exposure duration in min
See the Table 5.2.3-2 Effects of the Acute Inhalation Exposures of Ethanedinitrile upon Male Albino Rats and a Time-concentration Graph which are enclosed below.
Summary and conclusion
Rats were housed in wire mesh cages within the chamber and exposed to a total of six different concentrations of ethanedinitrile and six different time periods. Survivors were observed for 14 days after exposure. Body weight of rats was measured before exposure and after 14 days.
The present study showed that rats withstood 250 ppm of ethanedinitrile for 120 min with only partial mortality and 500 ppm for 30 min with no deaths. In addition, the capacity of the rats in this study to tolerate the excessive concentrations of 1,000 and 2,000 ppm of ethanedinitrile for periods of approximately 15 and 7.5 min, respectively, points toward a lower toxicity.
Assuming transformation of one molecule of ethanedinitrile to one molecule of hydrogen cyanide, following approximate LC values may be calculated for HCN (t = exposure duration in min):
LC0= 15,900 mg/m3/t
LC50= 25,850 mg/m3/t
LC100= 41,050 mg/m3/t
Non-guideline study; the study from 1960 is not in the GLP system, but the method used is comparable to methods standardised by EU Directive 440/2008.
Table 5.2.3-2: Effects of the Acute Inhalation Exposures of Ethanedinitrile Upon Male Albino rats
Concentration ofEthanedinitrile
Average Temp. (°C)
Length of exposure (min)
Length build-up period (min)
Mortality ratio (dead/dosed)
Initial average weight of rats (g)
Average weight gain after 14 days (g)
(ppm)
(mg/m3)
4000
8571
22.8
7.5
3.0
3/6
162
44
4000
8508
25.0
15
3.0
6/6
156
-
2000
4223
27.2
7.5
1.5
0/6
126
55
2000
4207
28.3
15
1.5
6/6
121
-
1000
2111
27.2
15
0.5
0/6
123
52
1000
2115
26.7
30
0.5
6/6
123
-
500
1066
24.4
30
0.3
0/6
134
49
500
1054
27.8
45
0.3
6/6
122
-
400
851
25.0
45
0.25
0/6
144
46
400
851
25.0
60
0.25
6/6
137
-
250
537
22.2
60
0.15
0/6
160
59
250
533
24.4
120
0.15
4/6
127
38
Control
-
-
-
-
0/6
167
53
- Endpoint:
- skin irritation: in vivo
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment
- Qualifier:
- no guideline followed
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Materials amd methods
Ethanedinitrile (CN)2, subchronic (180 days) inhalation toxicity study.
Six months (6h/day, 5 days/week) inhalation exposure was conducted with ethanedinitrile gas using male rhesus monkeys (Macacca mulatta) and male albino rats (Charles River Strain). Fifteen monkeys and 90 rats were divided into three groups of 5 monkeys and 30 rats. One group, the Controls, was exposed to the air; the other two groups were exposed to ethanedinitrile concentrations of 11 or 25 ppm. - GLP compliance:
- no
- Species:
- other: albino rat and rhesus monkey
- Strain:
- other: Macacca mulatta, Charles River Sprague-Dawley COBS
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- Source of animals: Charles River
- Type of coverage:
- open
- Preparation of test site:
- not specified
- Vehicle:
- other: air
- Controls:
- yes
- Amount / concentration applied:
- 11 and 25 ppm
- Duration of treatment / exposure:
- 180 days (6h/day, 5 days/week)
- Observation period:
- 180 days
postexposure period 4 weeks - Number of animals:
- rats: 30 per exposure group
monkeys: 5 per exposure group - Irritation parameter:
- edema score
- Basis:
- mean
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 0
- Max. score:
- 0
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible
- Remarks on result:
- no indication of irritation
- Irritation parameter:
- erythema score
- Basis:
- mean
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 0
- Max. score:
- 0
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible
- Remarks on result:
- no indication of irritation
- Irritant / corrosive response data:
- No irritation was observed during the 6 months exposure of rats and monkeys to ethanedinitrile.
- Interpretation of results:
- other: CLP criteria not met
- Conclusions:
- During the 6months whole body exposure to ethanedinitrile (11 and 25 ppm), no skin irritation was observed on rats and monkeys.
- Executive summary:
During the 6 months whole body exposure to ethanedinitrile (11 and 25 ppm), no skin irritation was observed on rats and monkeys.
Materials and Methods Ethanedinitrile (Cyanogen)
Specification
Purity 99% pure
Stability Not stated
Test Animals Rhesus monkey, albino rats
Strain Macacca mulatta, Charles River Sprague-Dawley COBS
Source Charles River
Sex Male monkeys and rats
Age/weight at study initiation Not stated
Number of animals per group 5 monkeys per treatment group
30 rats per treatment group
Control animals Yes
Administration/Exposure Inhalation
Type of exposure Whole body
Exposure period 180 days (6 h/day, 5 days/week)
Postexposure period 14 days, 4 weeks or other
Concentration
of test substance Nominal concentrations 0 ppm; 11 ppm; 25 ppm
Analytical concentrations ≤1 ppm; 11.2 ± 1.5 ppm; 25.3 ± 3.3 ppm
Controls Sham exposed
Body weight
Prior to the start of the study, prior to sacrifice, and at least monthly during exposures to verify growth in rats and deprivation maintenance in monkeys.
Examination
Behavioral testing (only in monkeys), Clinical observations, Hematology, Clinical Chemistry, Pathology (gross necropsy and microscopic examination)
Observation Daily
Food consumption No
Water consumption No
Behavioural testing 1 day per week for 12 monkeys, and 5 days per week for 3 monkeys (one in each of the groups)
Haematology
Parameters: hematocrit, haemoglobin concentration
number of animals: each monkey, 6 rats per exposure level
time points: monkey – 0 day, 30 days, 90 days, 180 days of exposure; rats –2 days, 5 days, 30days, 90 days, 180 days of exposure
Clinical Chemisty parameters: T3 and T4
number of animals: each monkey, 6 rats per exposure level
time points: monkey – 0 day, 30 days, 90 days, 180 days of exposure rats –2 days, 5 days, 30 days, 90 days, 180 days of exposure;
Organ weights Yes; lungs
Gross and histopathology all dose groups (2 days of exposure and again 5 days, 1 month, 3 months, 180 days – rats; 11 monkeys were similarly sacrificed immediately after the termination of exposures, 3 monkeys – 4 weeks later)
organs: thyroid, liver, kidneys, spleen, heart, lungs, bone marrow, cerebellum, cerebrum
Statistics ANOVA, non-parametric tests
Others ECG in monkeys before exposures and after the last exposure
Results and Discussion
Clinical symptoms
Behavioral testing There was an increase in response rate in all three groups during the exposure period compared to the baseline period. The mean increase was 20%, 14%, 145% in T-CO, T-11 and T-25 subjects, respectively. The rate changes for each group were evaluated statistically by mean of a randomization test for matched pair. The increase in response rate in the T‑25 group was marginally significant. The probability that the rate increases in the T-CO and T-11 groups could have occurred by chance was greater than 0.10
Mortality One (control) monkey died near the start of the exposures from causes unrelated to the experiment; 3 rats (control) died, 1 (11 ppm), 4 (25 ppm) – was not significantly different from change
Body weight Mean body weights of rats exposed to ethanedinitrile at 25 ppm was significantly depressed compared to control
Water consumption
and compound intake Not reported
Haematology No consistent effects
Clinical chemistry No effects on T3 uptake and T4 concentration
Urinalysis Not reported
Gross and histopathology No effects
Organ weight No effects in rats; lungs from control monkeys contained more moisture than lungs from monkeys exposed to ethanedinitrile gas
Summary and conclusion
Materials amd methods
Ethanedinitrile (CN)2, subchronic (180 days) inhalation toxicity study.
Six months (6h/day, 5 days/week) inhalation exposure was conducted with ethanedinitrile gas using male rhesus monkeys (Macacca mulatta) and male albino rats (Charles River Strain). Fifteen monkeys and 90 rats were divided into three groups of 5 monkeys and 30 rats. One group, the Controls, was exposed to the air; the other two groups were exposed to ethanedinitrile concentrations of 11 or 25 ppm.
Results and discussion
At the end of the 6 months exposure, there were no differences in hematologic or clinical chemistry (T3, T4) parameters attributable to the inhalation exposure to ethanedinitrile. The electrocardiograms, and gross pathologic and histopatologic examinations of the test animals were normal when compared with the control animals. Total lung moisture content was significantly lower in monkeys exposed to either 11 ppm or 25 ppm ethanedinitrile than in control animals; no differences were found in rats. Body weights were significantly lower in rats exposed to 25 ppm than in controls.
There was a doubling of the rate of responding on a variable interval 2.9 min schedule of reinforcement in monkeys exposed to 25 ppm ethanedinitrile, and increases were also seen in the monkeys exposed to 11 and 0 ppm; the increases were transitory as the rate returned to control levels before exposures were terminated.
Conclusion
Subchronic 25 ppm ethanedinitrile exposures are marginally toxic, but the evidence on 11 ppm does not support a similar conclusion.
LO(A)EL 25 ppm
NO(A)EL 11 ppm
Table 5.5.1-2: Results of Behavioral testing
Operant Response Rate (mean number of responses/hour)
Group
Animal number
baseline
exposure
T – CO
2
491
818
8
1064
1036
15
1091
954
18
109
436
Mean
689
811
T – 11
2
327
791
4
1064
1391
5
600
1036
11
191
464
16
1745
845
Mean
785
905
T –25
1
627
1254
6
245
1173
10
191
409
12
191
464
17
273
355
Mean
305
731
Table 5.5.1-3: Results of Haematology and Clinical chemistry
Rats
Monkeys
Day
group
2
5
30
90
180
0
30
90
180
Hemoglobin concentration (g/100 mL)
T–CO
13.7
15.8
15.5
14.6
14.4
14.0
13.2
14.0
13.7
T–11
14.5
16.1
16.5
14.4
15.3
13.5
12.1
13.2
12.8
T–25
14.4
15.8
15.2
15.2
15.3
13.3
12.0
12.9
13.3
Hematocrit Value (%)
T–CO
44
48
48
45
38
43
39
43
41
T–11
46
49
48
44
39
42
36
41
39
T–25
47
50
46
45
39
40
36
40
40
T3% Uptake
T–CO
47.4
46.9
45.9
48.4
41.2
25.8
22.3
27.9
24.8
T–11
47.7
46.5
45.8
48.6
44.2
33.6
28.7
31.5
30.4
T–25
47.8
46.4
43.6
47.0
41.6
32.0
24.4
29.9
26.2
T4mg/100 mL
T–CO
5.6
5.3
5.2
7.8
3.4
7.5
7.7
7.2
10.4
T–11
5.6
3.9
4.3
7.1
5.1
6.4
6.4
5.5
7.7
T–25
4.6
3.8
4.6
8.4
4.3
8.4
7.8
9.2
9.5
Referenceopen allclose all
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- no adverse effect observed (not irritating)
Eye irritation
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- no adverse effect observed (not irritating)
Respiratory irritation
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- no adverse effect observed (not irritating)
Additional information
Justification for classification or non-classification
CLP criteria not met
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