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EC number: 204-072-6 | CAS number: 115-21-9
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicological Summary
- Administrative data
- Workers - Hazard via inhalation route
- Workers - Hazard via dermal route
- Workers - Hazard for the eyes
- Additional information - workers
- General Population - Hazard via inhalation route
- General Population - Hazard via dermal route
- General Population - Hazard via oral route
- General Population - Hazard for the eyes
- Additional information - General Population
Administrative data
Workers - Hazard via inhalation route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 47 mg/m³
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
DNEL related information
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 6
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEC
Acute/short term exposure
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 12 mg/m³
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- skin irritation/corrosion
DNEL related information
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 1
Acute/short term exposure
DNEL related information
Workers - Hazard via dermal route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 6.6 mg/kg bw/day
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
DNEL related information
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 6
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
Acute/short term exposure
DNEL related information
Workers - Hazard for the eyes
Additional information - workers
Trichloro(ethyl)silaneis a volatile liquid whichhydrolyses very rapidly in moist air and in contact with tissues to form hydrogen chloride (HCl) and ethylsilanetriol (half-life <1 min at pH 4, 7 and 9 and 1.5°C). Local effects (corrosion) are therefore influenced by the formation of HCl, while systemic effects may occur following exposure to the silanol hydrolysis product.
Hydrogen chloride (HCl)
An EU long-term inhalation Occupational Exposure Limit (OEL) has been set for HCl as 8 mg/m3(8 h TWA) in Commission Directive2000/39/EC.
The SIDS Initial Assessment Report (SIAR) for HCl describes a systemic NOAEL of 20 ppm from a 90-day repeated dose inhalation study (OECD, 2002). However, since the NOAEL for local effects in the same study was 10 ppm it is considered by the author of this CSR that the observed effects at 20 ppm were secondary to corrosion and were not indicative of true systemic toxicity.
The OECD SIAR (2002) reports the following:
For repeated dose toxicity, 13 inhalation and 7 oral dose studies has been reported. Among those, only the inhalation studies reported by CIIT (1984) were reliable. They were performed in compliance with FDA-GLP, and they are considered to be the critical studies for assessment. Four groups of 10 males and 10 females (mice: B6C3F1; rats: SD and F344) individually housed were exposed to hydrogen chloride gas at concentrations of 0, 10, 20 and 50 ppm for 90 days (6 hours/day, 5 days/week). For male and female mice at 50 ppm, a decrease in body weight gain, food consumption and liver weight (male) was noted. For male SD rats at 50 ppm, a decrease in food consumption was observed. For F344 rats, a decrease in body weight gain was observed in males at 50 ppm and a decrease in food consumption was observed in both sexes at 20 and 50 ppm. No biologically significant difference was observed in urinalysis, haematology and serum chemistry. Inflammatory histopathological changes in lips or nasal cavity were observed in B6C3F1 mice and F344 rats above 10 ppm or in SD rats above 20 ppm. In addition, the histopathological examination of reproductive organs (testis, epididymis, prostate, seminal vesicle; ovary, uterus, oviduct, mammary glands) could not find any exposure related effects. The NOAEL for repeated dose inhalation toxicity, except for the local effects of irritation, is considered to be 20 ppm for rats and mice.
It is therefore considered appropriate to use the existing EU OEL for HCl as the starting point to quantify local DNELs fortrichloro(ethyl)silane.
Typical worker exposure involveslow levels of exposure on a repeated basis (below the OEL for HCl). Any exposure will result in hydrolysis to silanol, hydrogen ions and chloride ions; the ions will enter the body's natural buffering and homeostatic processes independently of the silanol.The silanol hydrolysis product must therefore be considered for systemic DNELs because it is expected that this substance will be systemically available. This might be particularly important in situations when inhalation occurs and HCl is neutralised before it reaches the lower respiratory tract, so the silanol hydrolysis product is available for absorption, but there is no irritation from which secondary effects could arise. Also, a systemic DNEL based on the silanol must be considered to allow for situations when the exposure to the silanol is below the local DNEL, but could still cause systemic effects.
Trichloro(ethyl)silane (read-across from trimethoxy(methyl)silane)
There are no repeated dose toxicity data on trichloro(ethyl)silane or its hydrolysis product, ethylsilanetriol, so good quality data for the read-across substance trimethoxy(methyl)silane (MTMS; CAS 1185-55-3), hydrolyses to methanol and methylsilanetriol) have been used to assess the general systemic toxicity of trichloro(ethyl)silane. No read-across data are available for the dermal route.Local effects from the other hydrolysis product, hydrogen chloride (HCl) are not addressed by these data ontrimethoxy(methyl)silane.
In an oral OECD 422 study, exposure of rats for 28-29 days to MTMS was associated with organ weight and/or histomorphological changes in males (liver, thymus, thyroid, duodenum, jejunum, and red blood cell) and females (liver, thyroid, duodenum, jejunum, and adrenal gland) at dose levels at or above 250 mg/kg bw/day (Jean, PA (2005)) . A marked increase in prothrombin time was observed for males at 250 and 1000 mg/kg bw/day whereas females were unaffected. Exposure was also associated with increased blood platelet concentration for males and females at 1000 mg/kg bw/day. These data support a NOAEL for the toxicity phase of the study of 50 mg/kg bw/day.
There is also a 90-day inhalation study on MTMS(Jean, PA (2007)). Based on the increased incidence of grossly observed urinary bladder calculi along with kidney dilation at the 400 ppm exposure level, the NOAEC for MTMS vapour administered for a 90-day interval via whole-body inhalation exposure to male and female Sprague-Dawley rats was 100 ppm (equivalent to 560 mg/m3). Test animals were exposed for 6 hours per day, 7 days per week.
It is unlikely that the effects observed were due to methanol.
There are no reproductive or developmental toxicity data for trichloro(ethyl)silane or its hydrolysis product, ethylsilanetriol, so good quality data for the related substancetrimethoxy(methyl)silane (MTMS)have been used to assess the reproductive and developmental toxicity of trichloro(ethyl)silane.
Exposure of rats to MTMS for 28 days (males) or up to day 3 post partum (females) was not associated with reproductive or developmental toxicity in the oral OECD 422 study previously referred to, for 28 days (males) or up to day 3 post partum (females) (Jean, PA (2005)). The findings support a NOAEL of at least 1000 mg/kg bw/day.
Trichloro(ethyl)silaneis a volatile liquid whichhydrolyses very rapidly in moist air and in contact with tissues to form hydrogen chloride (HCl) and ethylsilanetriol (half-life <1 min at pH 4, 7 and 9 and 1.5°C). Local effects (corrosion) are therefore influenced by the formation of HCl, while systemic effects may occur following exposure to the silanol hydrolysis product.
Hydrogen chloride (HCl)
An EU long-term inhalation Occupational Exposure Limit (OEL) has been set for HCl as 8 mg/m3(8 h TWA) in Commission Directive2000/39/EC.
The SIDS Initial Assessment Report (SIAR) for HCl describes a systemic NOAEL of 20 ppm from a 90-day repeated dose inhalation study (OECD, 2002). However, since the NOAEL for local effects in the same study was 10 ppm it is considered by the author of this CSR that the observed effects at 20 ppm were secondary to corrosion and were not indicative of true systemic toxicity.
The OECD SIAR (2002) reports the following:
For repeated dose toxicity, 13 inhalation and 7 oral dose studies has been reported. Among those, only the inhalation studies reported by CIIT (1984) were reliable. They were performed in compliance with FDA-GLP, and they are considered to be the critical studies for assessment. Four groups of 10 males and 10 females (mice: B6C3F1; rats: SD and F344) individually housed were exposed to hydrogen chloride gas at concentrations of 0, 10, 20 and 50 ppm for 90 days (6 hours/day, 5 days/week). For male and female mice at 50 ppm, a decrease in body weight gain, food consumption and liver weight (male) was noted. For male SD rats at 50 ppm, a decrease in food consumption was observed. For F344 rats, a decrease in body weight gain was observed in males at 50 ppm and a decrease in food consumption was observed in both sexes at 20 and 50 ppm. No biologically significant difference was observed in urinalysis, haematology and serum chemistry. Inflammatory histopathological changes in lips or nasal cavity were observed in B6C3F1 mice and F344 rats above 10 ppm or in SD rats above 20 ppm. In addition, the histopathological examination of reproductive organs (testis, epididymis, prostate, seminal vesicle; ovary, uterus, oviduct, mammary glands) could not find any exposure related effects. The NOAEL for repeated dose inhalation toxicity, except for the local effects of irritation, is considered to be 20 ppm for rats and mice.
It is therefore considered appropriate to use the existing EU OEL for HCl as the starting point to quantify local DNELs fortrichloro(ethyl)silane.
Typical worker exposure involveslow levels of exposure on a repeated basis (below the OEL for HCl). Any exposure will result in hydrolysis to silanol, hydrogen ions and chloride ions; the ions will enter the body's natural buffering and homeostatic processes independently of the silanol.The silanol hydrolysis product must therefore be considered for systemic DNELs because it is expected that this substance will be systemically available. This might be particularly important in situations when inhalation occurs and HCl is neutralised before it reaches the lower respiratory tract, so the silanol hydrolysis product is available for absorption, but there is no irritation from which secondary effects could arise. Also, a systemic DNEL based on the silanol must be considered to allow for situations when the exposure to the silanol is below the local DNEL, but could still cause systemic effects.
Trichloro(ethyl)silane (read-across from trimethoxy(methyl)silane)
There are no repeated dose toxicity data on trichloro(ethyl)silane or its hydrolysis product, ethylsilanetriol, so good quality data for the read-across substance trimethoxy(methyl)silane (MTMS; CAS 1185-55-3), hydrolyses to methanol and methylsilanetriol) have been used to assess the general systemic toxicity of trichloro(ethyl)silane. No read-across data are available for the dermal route.Local effects from the other hydrolysis product, hydrogen chloride (HCl) are not addressed by these data ontrimethoxy(methyl)silane.
In an oral OECD 422 study, exposure of rats for 28-29 days to MTMS was associated with organ weight and/or histomorphological changes in males (liver, thymus, thyroid, duodenum, jejunum, and red blood cell) and females (liver, thyroid, duodenum, jejunum, and adrenal gland) at dose levels at or above 250 mg/kg bw/day (Jean, PA (2005)) . A marked increase in prothrombin time was observed for males at 250 and 1000 mg/kg bw/day whereas females were unaffected. Exposure was also associated with increased blood platelet concentration for males and females at 1000 mg/kg bw/day. These data support a NOAEL for the toxicity phase of the study of 50 mg/kg bw/day.
There is also a 90-day inhalation study on MTMS(Jean, PA (2007)). Based on the increased incidence of grossly observed urinary bladder calculi along with kidney dilation at the 400 ppm exposure level, the NOAEC for MTMS vapour administered for a 90-day interval via whole-body inhalation exposure to male and female Sprague-Dawley rats was 100 ppm (equivalent to 560 mg/m3). Test animals were exposed for 6 hours per day, 7 days per week.
It is unlikely that the effects observed were due to methanol.
There are no reproductive or developmental toxicity data for trichloro(ethyl)silane or its hydrolysis product, ethylsilanetriol, so good quality data for the related substancetrimethoxy(methyl)silane (MTMS)have been used to assess the reproductive and developmental toxicity of trichloro(ethyl)silane.
Exposure of rats to MTMS for 28 days (males) or up to day 3 post partum (females) was not associated with reproductive or developmental toxicity in the oral OECD 422 study previously referred to, for 28 days (males) or up to day 3 post partum (females) (Jean, PA (2005)). The findings support a NOAEL of at least 1000 mg/kg bw/day.
In the absence of any significant findings relating to reproductive or developmental endpoints in appropriate screening tests, the critical health effect is considered to be corrosion. For the inhalation route, the DNEL long-term, local is lower than that for DNEL long-term systemic. Trichloro(ethyl)silaneis not classified as mutagenic, carcinogenic or sensitising.
The DNELs used for risk characterisation are therefore:
DNEL (long-term, inhalation): 12 mg/m3
DNEL (long-term, dermal): 6.6 mg/kg/day
Qualitative risk characterisation for corrosive effects following dermal exposure will also be required.General Population - Hazard via inhalation route
Systemic effects
Acute/short term exposure
DNEL related information
Local effects
Acute/short term exposure
DNEL related information
General Population - Hazard via dermal route
Systemic effects
Acute/short term exposure
DNEL related information
General Population - Hazard via oral route
Systemic effects
Acute/short term exposure
DNEL related information
General Population - Hazard for the eyes
Additional information - General Population
There is no potential for exposure of consumers to trichloro(vinyl)silane by any route, therefore DNELs for consumers are not calculated.
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