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Diss Factsheets
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EC number: 202-018-6 | CAS number: 90-82-4
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Biodegradation in soil
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- biodegradation in soil
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Scientifically acceptable publication with analytical monitoring
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Biotic and abiotic degradation of illicit drugs, their precursor, and by-products in soil
- Author:
- Raktim Pal, Mallavarapu Megharaj, K. Paul Kirkbride, Tunde Heinrich, Ravi Naidu
- Year:
- 2 011
- Bibliographic source:
- Chemosphere Vol. 85 (2011), p. 1002-1009
Materials and methods
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- A specific guideline has not been mentioned in the paper. However, the test method applied has been described in detail.
The purpose of the paper has been to investigate the degradation of pseudoephedrine in laboratory scale over a 1 year testing period in three different South Australian soils both under non-sterile and sterile conditions.
The test procedure under sterile conditions has been conducted in order to gain a reference value with which the microbial degradation efforts in soil can be compared. - GLP compliance:
- no
- Test type:
- laboratory
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Pseudoephedrine
- EC Number:
- 202-018-6
- EC Name:
- Pseudoephedrine
- Cas Number:
- 90-82-4
- Molecular formula:
- C10H15NO
- IUPAC Name:
- (1S,2S)-2-(methylamino)-1-phenylpropan-1-ol
- Details on test material:
- - Name of test substance (as cited in study report): pseudoephedrine (PSE)
- Water solubility: 1.06E+5 mg/L
Constituent 1
- Radiolabelling:
- no
Study design
- Oxygen conditions:
- aerobic
- Soil classification:
- not specified
Soil propertiesopen allclose all
- Soil no.:
- #1
- Soil type:
- sandy loam
- % Clay:
- 20
- % Silt:
- 25
- % Sand:
- 55
- % Org. C:
- 1.11
- pH:
- 8.91
- CEC:
- 19.24 other: µg/ml
- Soil no.:
- #2
- Soil type:
- sandy loam
- % Clay:
- 15
- % Silt:
- 25
- % Sand:
- 60
- % Org. C:
- 2.88
- pH:
- 5.98
- CEC:
- 6.3 other: µg/ml
- Soil no.:
- #3
- Soil type:
- loam
- % Clay:
- 15
- % Silt:
- 42.5
- % Sand:
- 42.5
- % Org. C:
- 2.26
- pH:
- 5.64
- CEC:
- 17.42 other: µg/ml
- Details on soil characteristics:
- SOIL #1: COLLECTION AND STORAGE
- Geographic location: Mawson Lakes Campus of the University of South Australia
- Characteristics of sampling site: urban area
- Further details on soil: alkaline sandy loam
- Sampling depth (cm): 0-15 cm
- Storage conditions: storage in polyethylene buckets for transportation; final storage in fridge at 4°C
- Soil preparation (e.g., 2 mm sieved; air dried etc.): soil was screened to remove any plant parts or other artifacts and passed through 2 mm sieve
SOIL #2: COLLECTION AND STORAGE
- Geographic location: Sturt Gorge
- Characteristics of sampling site: native bush land
- Further details on soil: slightly acidic sandy loam
- Sampling depth (cm): 0-15 cm
- Storage conditions: storage in polyethylene buckets for transportation; final storage in fridge at 4°C
- Soil preparation (e.g., 2 mm sieved; air dried etc.): soil was screened to remove any plant parts or other artifacts and passed through 2 mm sieve
SOIL #3: COLLECTION AND STORAGE
- Geographic location: Waite Campus of The University of Adelaide, South Australia
- Characteristics of sampling site: agricultural land
- Further details on soil: slightly acidic loam
- Sampling depth (cm): 0-15 cm
- Storage conditions: storage in polyethylene buckets for transportation; final storage in fridge at 4°C
- Soil preparation (e.g., 2 mm sieved; air dried etc.): soil was screened to remove any plant parts or other artifacts and passed through 2 mm sieve
Duration of test (contact time)open allclose all
- Soil No.:
- #1
- Duration:
- 1 yr
- Soil No.:
- #2
- Duration:
- 1 yr
- Soil No.:
- #3
- Duration:
- 1 yr
Initial test substance concentrationopen allclose all
- Soil No.:
- #1
- Initial conc.:
- 0.1 mg/kg soil d.w.
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Soil No.:
- #2
- Initial conc.:
- 0.1 mg/kg soil d.w.
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Soil No.:
- #3
- Initial conc.:
- 0.1 mg/kg soil d.w.
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Details on experimental conditions:
- 1. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN
- Soil preincubation conditions: at 25°C in a constant temperature room for 1 week; incubation in the dark to avoid photodegradation
- Moisture level of each soil: adjusted to 50 % of maximum water holding capacity (MWHC)
- Soil (g/replicate): 5
- Experimental conditions (non-sterile/sterile): 5 g sub-samples of pre-incubated soils were weighed into individual amber colored glass vials fitted with Teflon lined solid screw caps
- Additional experimental conditions (sterile): soils in individual vials were autoclaved at 121°C for 20 on three consecutive days; sterile conditions were maintained throughout study period
- No. of replication treatments: 2
2. PREPARATION OF STOCK SOLUTION
- Solution medium: water
- Additional procedures for sterile degradation: stock solutions were passed through sterile 0.45 µm filters and soils were spiked aseptically within a laminar airflow cabinet
3. FURTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Moisture maintenance method: moisture contents of the soils (both in non-sterile and sterile) were maintained by aseptic addition of sterile Milli-Q water
- Continuous darkness: Yes
- Aeration: the vials for non-sterile degradation were aerated aseptically within a laminar airflow every week
Results and discussion
Half-life / dissipation time of parent compoundopen allclose all
- Soil No.:
- #1
- DT50:
- 3.7 d
- Remarks on result:
- other: non-sterile conditions
- Soil No.:
- #2
- DT50:
- 30.1 d
- Remarks on result:
- other: non-sterile conditions
- Soil No.:
- #3
- DT50:
- 5.44 d
- Remarks on result:
- other: non-sterile conditions
- Details on results:
- The degradation in sterile soils can be attributed to abiotic factors such as oxidation or hydrolysis whereas the degradation in non-sterile soil is indicative of the role of soil microbes.
- Results with reference substance:
- The sterile testing conditions can be regarded as reference for the degradation under non-sterile conditions. The results under sterile conditions are as follows:
Half-life in soil #1: 143 d
Half-life in soil #2: 502 d
Half-life in soil #3: 376 d
Applicant's summary and conclusion
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
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